₦airaland Forum

SEPARATING FUNNEL:
A mixture of Petrol and Water do not mix together to form a single liquid, b’cos they are non-polar and polar solvent respectively. They rather separate out into two distinct layers when they are added. A separating funnel is useful here; d lower denser liquid layer is tapped off, leaving d upper less dense layer in d funnel.

CHROMATOGRAPHY
Chromatography uses a solvent moving over a porous absorbent medium (e.g paper or gel) to separate a solute. They are widely used to separate coloured as well as colourless substance
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QUESTIONS
1.A mixture of kerosene and diesel oil can be separated by.............
2. A mixture of Naphthalene and Candle will be separated by..........
3. What property is used in choosing Fractional distillation as a separating technique for a mixture of fractions of crude oil?
4. Mention 2 differences between compound and mixture?
5. Which of the following is a mixture (a) Bronze (b) Ethanol (c) CO2

bolaji3071:
University of Ibadan sir.

that cool

bolaji3071:
WHAT COURSE CAN I STUDY TO BECOME A CHEMISTRY TEACHER
Chemistry OR Education and Chemistry

And how many years course is.


have already choose EDUCATION AND CHEMISTRY hope am good to go?

yeh. U'll surely enjoy it. Wc schl did u chose?

bolaji3071:
WHAT COURSE CAN I STUDY TO BECOME A CHEMISTRY TEACHER
Chemistry OR Education and Chemistry

And how many years course is.


have already choose EDUCATION AND CHEMISTRY hope am good to go?

you can teach with both but chemistry Education if u rily av passion for teaching and both are four yrs course.

SEPARATION TECHNIQUES[b/]

A mixture contains two or more different substances. Each constituents of a mixture still retains its individual properties. This xteristic gives room for the separating of mixtures.

[b]TYPES OF SEPARATION TECHNIQUES
SIEVING: It is use to separate solid particles of different sizes. The mixture is placed on a sieve with a mesh of a particular size. Particles smaller than the mesh size of the sieve will pass through the sieve while the bigger particles remain on the sieve.
MAGNETIC SEPARATION: A magnet is used to separate magnetic substance from non-magnetic particles. The method is used in the steel industry to remove magnetic impurities from tin ore.
SUBLIMATION: when some solids are heated they change directly to gaseous state without passing through the liquid state. E.g iodine and ammonium chloride.
DECANTATION: A mixture containing a liquid or solid particles separate into two distinct layers on standing; a lower solid layer and upper clear liquid layer. Using a glass rod the upper layer can be carefully poured or decanted into another container. This method is quick but usually not accurate in separating the mixture.
FILTRATION: A porous material like filter paper can be used to separate insoluble particles from liquids. E.g suspension of chalk dust in water. The water pass through the filter paper and leave the chalk dust on the filter paper.
CENTRIFUGATION: A centrifuge is a machine that spin test tubes containing suspensions at high speed. The spinning causes heavier solid particles in the suspension to be thrown into the bottom of the test tube. They settle there while the clear liquid separate out as an upper layer which can easily be decanted.
DISTILLATION: it is used to recover a solvent from a solution. It is also used for separation of miscible liquids with widely unduly far apart boiling points. The solution is heated in a flask to vaporise the solvent. The vapour passes along a condenser which is cooled by circulating water in its outer jacket. This re-condenses the vapour into liquid called distillate, which is the collected in a receiver. The solute and other impurities are left behind in the flask.
FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION: simple distillation cannot be used to separate a mixture of two or more miscible liquids. Fractional distillation is used to separate such mixtures into its component parts. The fraction distils over in ascending order of their boiling points, starting with the fraction with the lowest boiling points, for efficiency, the difference in the boiling points between successive fractions must be more than 10oc. Crude oil or petroleum contains many important natural products such as petrol, kerosene, diesel, heavy oil, natural gases and bitumen. Each of this product can be recovered in its pure form by fractional distillation.
EVAPORATION: It can be used to recover a solid solute from a solution. A water bath or sand bath is used to bring about a steady rate of evaporation. The solute required is left behind while the solvent escapes into air as vapour
PRECIPITATION: a difference in solubility of a solid in two different miscible liquids is used to precipitate th solid when it is dissolved in one of them. E.g iron(II) tetreoxosulphate(VI) is soluble in water but not in ethanol. If ethanol( which is miscible with water) is added to a solution of iron(II) tetraoxosulphate(VI) in water, the iron(II) tetraoxosulphate(VI) will be precipitated out of the solution and can be separated by filtration.
CRYSTALLIZATION: it is used to separate salts, which decomposes easily on heating from their solutions. The salt crystals obtained pure and usually contain water of crystallization. The salt solution is first heated to evaporate some of the solvent. The solution becomes saturated. When the saturated solution is cooled, crystals of the solute begin to form. To induce crystal formation, crystal of thesame salt are added into the solution or inside of the beaker, vessel is scratched. This is one of the few practical class i love.hmmmmm
FRACTIONAL CRYSTALLIZATION: it is used to separate two or more solid solutes which are present in the same solution in roughly equal amounts. The solubilities of different solutes in the given solvent must differ at different temperatures. During the cooling process, at a particular temperature, crystal of relevant solute will come out of solution, leaving behind the others which are still within limits of solubility.

As we’ve all know and according to our syllabus for this course, we’ll be starting with;
TOPIC: Nature of matter
Sub-Topic: separation Techniques

What is matter? Matter can be defined as anything that has mass and occupies space. By this definition we can infer that everything in the universe is made up of matter e.g living and non-living things, air we breathe etc. Some questions might be running through our minds as regards the definition of matter ‘’anything that has mass’’ why not weight? No, it’s mass because mass of an object is d quantity of matter an object contains and is dsame everywhr in d world and d unit is kg while weight has to do with gravity and d unit is in Newton(N).

PROPERTIES OF MATTER
It’s divided into two; physical and chemical properties.
Physical properties: it is associated with physical change; physical change is one which is easily reversed and in which no new substance is formed. E.g dissolution of common salt in water, melting of solid to liquid, freezing of liquid to solid, vaporisation of liquid to gases and sublimation of solid to vapours, also magnetization and demagnetization of iron rods.
Chemical properties: This are properties which are involved when matter undergoes changes are a new substances are formed and it is also associated with chemical changes e.g rusting of iron, dissolution of metals and limestone in acid, addition of water to quicklime, fermentation and decay of substances and burning of substance.

ELEMENTS, COMPOUNDS AND MIXTURES.

Elements: An element is a substance which cannot be split into simpler unit by an ordinary chemical process. There are 109 known elements and 90 0f them occurs naturally while the rest are made artificially. Elements can be classified as metals, non-metals and metalloids.
Compound: is a substance which contains two or more elements chemically combined together.
Mixtures: A mixture contains two or more constituents which can easily be separated by physical methods.

Good afternoon class, it's good to be back again. Hw has being our day? Updates for the first class will drop soon, already typing. Thanks for your time. Pls letz inform our mate and those who went out. ****

Kunlexic:
what disturbs the class not to hold everyday or at anytime?

sorry, I've bn corrected. D class can nw hold everyday

Microflux:
plz u cn teach at anytime.

ok

clevvermind:
welcome u and all.

hmm tanx dear. Hapi new month to u too.

faithugo64:
nawa oo,time never reach??

don't give up, classes are for tuesday and fridays (9am-10pm)..

zeb04:
I think the boy in question is really stooppid and senseles.
It was a bf/gf nonsense not marriage
Are you the first to be cheated on....what nonsense
If I were you op,I would stop beggin and better plan a way to bring him down also if he decides to carry out his childish act.

heeeeey, I don't believe sometin lik this cud come out of ur mouth.cos she was d one dat cheat nw nothing is wrong wit it buh if nah d guy.............

Below is the syllabus for chemistry. But for d purpose of our classes there maybe need to compress so that we'll be able to meet up with the schedule.

(1). Separation of mixtures and purification of chemical substances.
(2). Chemical combination.
(3). Kinetic theory of matter/gases.
(4). Atomic structure and bonding.
(5). Air/ water.
(6). Solubility.
(7). Environmental pollution.
(. Acids,bases and salts.
(9). Oxidation and reduction.
(10). Electrolysis.
(11). Energy changes.
(12). Rate of chemical reactions.
(13). Chemical equilibra.
(14). Non-metals and their compd.
(15). Metals and their compd.
(16). Organic compds.

Ok..
Ladies and gentlemen...
On behalf of the tutor-generals here, I welcome you to this educative thread..
To start with, I shall post all the topics you are expected to know very well in chemistry before you walk in to your exam center..
The next post shall therefore contain the syllabus in sequential order..
I want to assure you,that chemistry is fun and I wnt to assure you that you'll enjoy every bit of this class. Buh to achieve this, if the teacher is ready to teach the students too must be ready to learn(Theory of readiness). Learning cannot take place without the students getting prepared for the task ahead.

Microflux:
NJTC chemistry lecture room
TUTORS
Kuderrich
Adebayour26

I'm very sorry for bn absent in class 2day,I thought we'll be having class only on tuesdays buh we'll make it up to you.

omoluabi1960:
Hello bro..
I am a gtb user..I am always relaxed whenever funds are deducted by error ..sometimes it takes 3 weeks sonetimes a month..sometimes 2days..
I dont even call them for explanation..the money is reversed automaatically.take your coool

must it be up to 3wks? That was hw they almst f.u.cked me up wen I wanted to do a transaction. They're nt committed towards their customers any more.

zeb04:
Mermaids don't exist.
Fishes are mammals.
In the olden days,fishermen saw different species of fishes most especially the unique ones with hairs and bulgy eyes mostly found in river beds and called them mermaids instead of mammals.

here she is again talking like a ...........

Microflux:
okay. U wil take chemistry. Thanks

no p.@Adebayour26 will assist me

Microflux:
okay! Pls invite them. If they agree to do so, no prob.

am here..... Still observing

zika1:
lol

is dat a yes?

zika1:
hahahahahahahah... Well Jesus got my heart man .

well come live in me den cos jesus is in my hrt.

kendrick93:
are u that desperate

datz nt desperation,it's searching.

Hmmm, jst observing. Buh I rily wish to see d ops pix.

Texykool:
Get her a job

job?, she'll f.u.ck every1 in her place of wrk. Nymphomaniac is a serious case dat need competent hands to handle and it's a gradual process.

kastonkastrol:
nonsense...... do you know it was a deliberate plan to use the pdp members who were available at that time to impeach tambuwal? Well thank God fence was scale, thank God David mark was almost beaten by the angry honourables. Next time pdp/gej will definately think twice before they carry out any of their nonsense against apc

u said david mark was almst beaten or he was slapped.

Ovamboland:
Sorry Kuderrich Mark, we would have condenmed the assault even without evidence if we had know the senate president is your Dad

lol, d truth still stands,elderly people who has children who call dem daddy should nt act in such an unruly manner. There are oppositions too in us and uk, dey don't slap themselves to proof point

kastonkastrol:
the guy in question is a pdp member.... Always get your facts right before you come here and lie. Btw nobody was slapped, tempers were only high but there was no slapper yesterday.

Well i would have being very happy if the senate president was slapped yesterday, atleast it would have sent a good message to gej.

Enough of pdp impunity

you are fool, so if it were to be ur dad dat was slapped u would still be spewing this rubbish. U talk like a real garage boi and datz wat u are. This people are supposed to be role model to d coming generation so dat people like u can learn dat two people can actual argue and speak their minds without touching or slapping each other.

Trust and respect

zeb04:
All I want is respect and love,every other thing will fall into place

hmmm.