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EducationRe: Nairaland Mathematics Clinic by Laplacian(m): 4:49pm On Nov 30, 2013
[quote author=Humphrey77][/quote]guy am stil an amatur ooo, (not yet a topologist)..
Let a<m<A and b<n<B denot d two open sets...
suppos, on d contrary, dat their intersection, p, is a closed set...
Then we can find x and y such dat
x<=p<=y, where a, b<x and y<A, B
now suppose, without loss of generality, dat A<B....then we can always find d numbers z such dat
y<z<A, since z<A<B, z should b in their intersection, but y<z a contradiction, showing dat z is not in their intersection...hence our supposition dat p is a closed set is untenable....and d result follows
EducationRe: Nairaland Mathematics Clinic by Laplacian(m): 2:46pm On Nov 30, 2013
Humphrey77: @ lapacian show it
i will not show it because my method of solution is always "INCORRECT"...use modular arithmetic
EducationRe: Nairaland Mathematics Clinic by Laplacian(m): 2:32pm On Nov 30, 2013
Humphrey77: if 3 raise to power 1998 is divided by 5 what is the remainder
4
EducationRe: Nairaland Mathematics Clinic by Laplacian(m): 2:19pm On Nov 30, 2013
Mr Calculus: plz guys help me out wit dis......
if 3sin2@=5sin2¥....
find @ & ¥ if(tan@=2tan¥)
3*2sin@cos@=5*2sin¥cos¥
and
sin@/cos@=2sin¥/cos¥....
Multiply&divide both eqns respectively;
3sin^2@=10sin^2¥
and
3cos^2@=2.5cos^2¥
add both equatns;
3=10sin^2¥+2.5cos^2¥
or
3=7.5sin^2¥+2.5
or
0.5=7.5sin^2¥
or
1=15sin^2¥
or
sin¥=sqr(1/15)
from there u can find ¥ and @
EducationRe: Nairaland Mathematics Clinic by Laplacian(m): 11:27am On Nov 28, 2013
benbuks: ......M.O.G...try again o..incorrect.....9ce attempt sha..
is it dat i didnt use d method u have in mind or d solution is completely wrong...if it is wrong, can u b kind enough 2 point out my error?...
EducationRe: Nairaland Mathematics Clinic by Laplacian(m):
benbuks: Compute the derivative of..
*] sqrt [1+sqrt(1+ sqrt(x)) ]

**] sqrt[ (x^2 +1)^2 +sqrt (1 + (x^2 +1)^2 ) ]
nb:"sqrt." Means square root
*) let y=sqrt [1+sqrt(1+ sqrt(x)) ]
now
let u=1+ sqrt(x),
then
du/dx=1/[2sqt(x)]
let v=1+ sqrt(u)
then
dv/du=1/[2sqt(u)]
now
y=sqr(v)
then
dy/dv=1/[2sqt(v)]
from chain rule,
dy/dx=dy/dv*dv/du*du/dx
substitute and d result follows

**) let
y=sqrt[ (x^2+1)^2+sqrt(1+(x^2+1)^2)]

then
y^2=(x^2 +1)^2+sqrt(1+(x^2+1)^2)
or
differentiatin implicitly;
2yy'=(x^2 +1)*2x+

(x^2 +1)*x/sqrt(1+(x^2+1)^2)
EducationRe: Nairaland Mathematics Clinic by Laplacian(m): 9:11pm On Nov 27, 2013
Where 's my boss Alpha Maximus a.k.a the Rational Mathematician?
EducationRe: Nairaland Mathematics Clinic by Laplacian(m): 9:09pm On Nov 27, 2013
benbuks: Chairman,@laplacian..
Your boy dey hail o.
more hailins 2 u bro...we re 2geda
EducationRe: Interesting Facts In Mathematics by Laplacian(m): 11:26pm On Nov 26, 2013
benbuks: 1/9=0.111111111. . .
2/9=0.222222222. . .
3/9=0.333333333. . .
4/9=0.444444444. . .
5/9=0.555555555. . .
6/9=0.666666666. . .
7/9=0.777777777. . .
8/9=0.888888888. . .
xy/9=x.(x+y)(x+y)(x+y)(x+y)....
e.g
24/9=2.666666666....
also
35/9=3.888888888
EducationRe: Nairaland Mathematics Clinic by Laplacian(m): 8:25pm On Nov 21, 2013
smurfy: Solve for all odd numbers? Okay.

Here goes...

4-DIGIT NUMBERS

The last digit must be 1, 3 or 5. The first digit must be 4 or 5.
Six scenarios!

(a) first digit is 4, last digit is 1
(b) first digit is 4, last digit is 3
(c) first digit is 4, last digit is 5
(d) first digit 5, last digit 1
(e) first digit 5, last digit 3
(f) first digit 5, last digit...

Ha! We can't use 5 twice, so scenario (e) doesn't count. That means we'll only consider scenarios (a) to (e) only.

(a) gives 1*4*3*1 = 12
(b) gives 1*4*3*1 = 12
(c) gives 1*4*3*1 = 12
(d) gives 1*4*3*1 = 12
(e) gives 1*4*3*1 = 12.

Adding the scenarios gives 5*12 = 60 ways of forming odd numbers greater than 4000 from the digits 0 through 5.

5-DIGIT NUMBERS

We have three scenarios here since we don't have to bother too much about the first digit. We only ensure the digit zero doesn't come first.

(a) ends with digit 1 gives 4*4*3*2*1=96
(b) ends with digit 3 gives 4*4*3*2*1=96
(c) ends with digit 5 gives 4*4*3*2*1=96.

So there are 3*96 = 288 ways of forming odd 5-digit numbers from the digits 0 through 5.

6-DIGIT NUMBERS

Three scenarios. Let me skip a step or two...

(a) 4*4*3*2*1*1 = 96
(b) 4*4*3*2*1*1 = 96
(c) 4*4*3*2*1*1 = 96

So, there are 3*96 = 288 ways of getting 6-digit odd numbers from the digits 0 through 5.

Final answer...

The number of odd numbers greater than 4000 that can be formed from the digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 is 60 + 288 + 288 = 636.

Hey, we obtained 684 for even and 636 for odd numbers. Why do we have less ways of forming odd numbers than even numbers? smiley

It's partly because of the silly restriction placed on 4-digit numbers. It has cost the ODD NUMBERS team a whooping 48 points! sad
tanks man...amazin
EducationRe: Nairaland Mathematics Clinic by Laplacian(m): 5:24pm On Nov 21, 2013
[quote author=smurfy][/quote]pls i'll need u 2 solve it 4 d case in where we are required 2 find all odd numbers greater than 4000 using 0,1,2,3,4,5
EducationRe: Nairaland Mathematics Clinic by Laplacian(m): 3:30pm On Nov 21, 2013
Dane17: . I'm not saying I'm right either I just stated an observation. for 0,1,2,3 u get 10 even (102,120,130,132,210,230,302,310,312,320) and 8 odd (103,123,201,203,213,231,301,321). ur oda formula should be correct as 4P3-3P2=18
thank u very much bro....

Why are d even numbers more dan d odd numbers?....**:ojust thinking:/**
EducationRe: Nairaland Mathematics Clinic by Laplacian(m): 3:02pm On Nov 21, 2013
Dane17: . d 6 and 5 digit will not have d same numba of odd and even numba. let's use ur method for 0,1,2. from ur form numba of 3 digit will be 3P3-2P2=4 and numba of even numba would be 4/2=2. But dere are 3 even(210,102,120) and one odd (201 numba.
i do not claim dat my solution is right but u hav decisively justified my approach...using my approach u correctly predicted d four numbers, but d odd and even numbers are not equal because my FIRST OBSERVATION is not satisfied; 0,2(even) and 1(odd)...
Try it d numbers 0,1,2,3 and c
EducationRe: Nairaland Mathematics Clinic by Laplacian(m): 2:00pm On Nov 21, 2013
@smurfy
2 ansa ur ques i'll first mak a few observations

1.) d numbers 0,1,2,3,4,5 wen used 2 form numbers greater dan 4000 will contain equal number of even numbers as odd numbers because the last digits can each be in 3 ways; 0,2,4(even) and 1,3,5(odd)

2.)if u are to arrange a set of n numbers and u do not desire 0 to
start d digit, then first arrange d numbers i.e nPr
Then keep zero constant as d first number and arrang d rest i.e
(n-1)P(r-1)
If now u take their differenc
i.e nPr-(n-1)P(r-1)
Then the result is d number of ways of arrangin d numbers without zero appearin as first digit

Now Ur Solution

ARRANGE IN SIX DIGITS
number of ways of arrangin 0,1,2,3,4,5 in six digit witout zero appearin first is
=6P6-5P5=600ways

ARRANGE IN FIVE DIGITS

6P5-5P4=600ways

ARRANGE IN FOUR DIGITS

in dis case 0,1,2,3 MUST not occur as first digit, so number of ways of arrangement
=6P4-4*(5P3)=360-4*60
=120ways

in summary, number of ways of formin digit wit 0,1,2,3,4,5 so dat d number formed is greater than 4000=600+600+120=1,320ways
finally if d numbers formed must be EVEN, then number of ways
=1320/2=660ways
EducationRe: Nairaland Mathematics Clinic by Laplacian(m): 1:09pm On Nov 21, 2013
Dane17: . x+y=xy ; x=xy-y ; x=y(x-1) ; y=x/x-1 ; therefore if x=2 ; y= 2/1 ; if x=3 ;y=3/2 if x=4 ; y=4/3 and so on.
u got the answer and d steps but
3 and 1.5 are not solutions because 1.5 is not an INTEGER..
...y=x/(x-1), notice dat x and x-1 are consecutive integers, but two consecutive intgers can only b divisibl iff d denominator is 1, or x-1=1 so x=2, and that is d ONLY INTEGER solution
EducationRe: Nairaland Mathematics Clinic by Laplacian(m): 12:58pm On Nov 21, 2013
factorial1: *clears throat*
let's go,
firstly, let the two numbers be 'x' and 'y'. From the qt, it can be infered dhat the sum of this non-zero integers is equal to their product: the mathematical representation is x + y = xy.....(i)
Now, from equation (i), make x the subject of the relation/formulae, the result is x = xy - y.....(ii), also, make y the subject of the relation from eqn (i), the result is y = xy - x....(iii). Therefore, add eqn (ii) and (iii)...(i.e x + y) together and equate it with their product(i.e xy), x + y = xy, xy - x + xy - x = xy, which is equal to 2xy - 2x = xy, collecting the like terms, we have 2xy - xy = 2x, xy(2 - 1) = 2x, therefore xy = 2x, divide both side by x, we have xy/x = 2x=x, from there....y = 2. So, subitutute y=2 into any of the above equation. I use eqn (i) which is x + y = xy, x + 2 = 2x, collecting the like terms x - 2x = -2, -x = -2. Note: minus cancelled out, therefor x = 2. With this...I think u are satisfied sir? The two non-zero integers in which their sum is equal to their product is/are ''2'' and ''2''. Thanks
nice work but ur solution has flaw,
d point where u added (ii) and (iii)
u said, xy - x + xy - X = xy, its suppose to be
xy - x + xy - Y = xy....u replaced y by x, and affectd d rest of d wrk...
EducationRe: Nairaland Mathematics Clinic by Laplacian(m): 11:16am On Nov 21, 2013
factorial1: The numbers are 2 and 2.
dats d correct answer but i want 2 c ur proof...
EducationRe: Nairaland Mathematics Clinic by Laplacian(m): 9:49am On Nov 21, 2013
Laplacian: ...d sum of two non-zero integers is equal to their product...find d numbers....
EducationRe: Nairaland Mathematics Clinic by Laplacian(m):
...d sum of two non-zero integers is equal to their product...find d numbers....
EducationRe: Nairaland Mathematics Clinic by Laplacian(m): 9:52pm On Nov 20, 2013
smurfy: Here goes...

The last digit can be arranged in 3 ways, since it must end with 1, 3 or 5. Each of the first two digits can be arranged in 5 ways, since each digit can be used more than once. The answer therefore is 5 * 5 * 3 = 75 ways.
pls recheck ur solution
EducationRe: Nairaland Mathematics Clinic by Laplacian(m): 9:27pm On Nov 20, 2013
ameer!:
Prove dat
cosecX-1/cosecX+1=[1-tan(x/2)/1+tan(x/2)]^2. . .any1 dat cn prove dis will have a special reward.I promise.
consider d LHS & multiply numerato&denominator by sinx to get
y=(1-sinx)/(1+sinx)
or
rationalise to get
y=(1-sinx)^2/cos^2(x)
or
y=(secx-tanx)^2............(eqn1)

let p=tan(x/2), then

tanx=2p/(1-p^2)
and
secx=sqr(1+tan^2x)

=sqr[1+4p^2/(1-p^2)^2]

=sqr[(p^4-2p^2+1+4p^2)/(1-p^2)^2]

=sqr[(p^4+2p^2+1)/(1-p^2)^2]

=sqr[ (1+p^2)^2/(1-p^2)^2]

=(1+p^2)/(1-p^2)

substitut into (eqn1) above,

y=[{(1+p^2)-2p}/(1-p^2)]^2
or
y=[(1-p)^2/(1-p^2)]^2

or by differenc or two squares applied to d denominator an d cancellin gives;

y=[(1-p)/(1+p)]^2

where p=tan(x/2)....proved
EducationRe: Nairaland Math Quiz Winner l::::::JARYEH::::::l by Laplacian(m): 8:11pm On Nov 20, 2013
akpos4uall: Well, I don't know what you mean by "its because of its negative sign" but let me explain
The equation is n(n - 1) = 99750156
Using the approximation as explained earlier
Sqrt of 99750156 = 9987.5
Round up and down to get 9987 & 9988
These two numbers are n and (n-1)
n is greater than n-1
n is the unknown in the equation
Hence my reason for choosing n = 9988 as the solution i.e 9988 (9988 - 1) = 99750156

This is just one of the solutions to the equation. To get the other, use the same procedure but this time,
Sqrt of 99750156 = - 9987.5
Round up and down to get - 9987 & - 9988
The same way, n is the bigger of the two.
Hence n = - 9987
(-9987)*(-9987 - 1) = 99750156

This means the solution to the equation
n^2 - n - 99750156 = 0 is
n = - 9987 or 9988
This also means if we wanted to factorize, we'll get
( n + 9987 ) ( n - 9988 ) = 0

We can even generalize that an equation that is factorizable in the format;
n^2 - n - z = 0
will be ( n + a ) ( n - b ) = 0
Where a is the rounded down value of the sqrt of z while b is the rounded up value of the sqrt of z
Similarly
n^2 + n - z = 0
will be (n - a ) ( n + b ) = 0
bros i must confess, ur result on d generalisation u made @ d bottom of ur write up above is d MOST BEAUTIFUL result i 've seen on dis thread...and d result is true....i'll be very grateful if u can supply a proof...
EducationRe: Nairaland Mathematics Clinic by Laplacian(m): 4:04pm On Nov 20, 2013
echibuzor: I aint gonna lie, you lost me from the first line...
hahahahaaa....wait 4 Rhydex 2 post his solution, mayb u'll understand him better....
EducationRe: Nairaland Mathematics Clinic by Laplacian(m):
benbuks: Find the anti-derivative of (cosx +1)^-2
observe that;
cosx+1=2cos^2(x/2)
so
(cosx+1)^-1=1/2*sec^2(x/2)

y=(cosx+1)^-2=1/4*sec^4(x/2)

integration by part gives;

y=1/4*[2sec^2(x/2)tan(x/2)-
§2sec^2(x/2)tan^2(x/2)dx]

or
y=1/4*[2sec^2(x/2)tan(x/2)-
§2sec^2(x/2){sec^2(x/2)-1}dx]

or
y=1/4*[2sec^2(x/2)tan(x/2)-
8y+4tan(x/2)]

or by collecting 'y' together,
3y=1/4*[2sec^2(x/2)tan(x/2)+4tan(x/2)]
the required integration is therefore
y=1/12*[2sec^2(x/2)+4]*tan(x/2)
or
y=[6tan(x/2)+2tan^3(x/2)]/12+C

a simple manipulation shows dat d above result is equivalent to Rhydex's solution...i leave it as an exercise for anyone to show us how...
EducationRe: Nairaland Mathematics Clinic by Laplacian(m): 7:07am On Nov 20, 2013
smurfy: Thanks Laplacian. Thanks for this method.

Tell me, assuming you got something like dC/C = 1/2(dr/r), what would you have said about P%?
dC/C=1/2*dr/r=1/2*p%
EducationRe: Nairaland Mathematics Clinic by Laplacian(m): 3:52pm On Nov 19, 2013
ameer!:
Prove dat
cosecX-1/cosecX+1=[1-tan(x/2)/1+tan(x/2)]^2. . .any1 dat cn prove dis will have a special reward.I promise.
...i suggest u use brackets apprioprately to for ambiguity (for those who 'll solv d question)...
EducationRe: Nairaland Mathematics Clinic by Laplacian(m): 3:43pm On Nov 19, 2013
smurfy: An error of P% is made in measuring the radius of a circle. Calculate the approximate percentage error in the measurement of the circumference.
let C denote d circumference and let # denot pi
then, C=2#r, now differentiat C wit respet to r to get
dC/dr=2#
or
the error in the circumference;
dC=2#*dr,
now divide thru by C=2#r to get
dC/C=2#*dr/(2#r)
or
dC/C=dr/r=p%
showin dat d percentag error in measurin d circumference must be d same as dat made in measurin d radius
EducationRe: Nairaland Mathematics Clinic by Laplacian(m): 10:52pm On Nov 18, 2013
Mbahchiboy: THANKU VERY MUCH SIR 4 D HIGHLIGHT.....BUT PLZ COMPLETE D NO 2 I DON PAUSE
2^(2x-1)=x^(x+1).....(eqn1)

let y=x^(x+1).........(eqn2)

substitut (2) in (1) to get

2^(2x-1)=y........(eqn3)

from (3),
2^(2x-1)/4^(2x-1)=y/4^(2x-1)
or
(0.5)^(2x-1)=y*(0.25)^(2x-1)
or
(1-0.5)^(2x-1)=y*(1-0.75)^(2x-1)
or
1-0.5(2x-1)=y[1-0.75(2x-1)]
.......(eqn4)

from (2), y=x^(x+1)
or
y*[1/(4x)]^(x+1)=(x/4x)^(x+1)
or
y*[1+1/(4x)-1]^(x+1)=(0.25)^(x+1)
or
y[1+(x+1){1/(4x)-1}+...]=

(1-0.75)^(x+1)
or
y[1+(x+1)(1-4x)/4x]=1+0.75(x+1)....(eqn5)

eliminat y from eqn4 and eqn5 and solve d cubic to obtain x...both equtaion can b easier solved using logarithmic approximation...but obviously dis thread is not a convenient place to use logarithmic operations...
EducationRe: Nairaland Mathematics Clinic by Laplacian(m):
Mbahchiboy: plz u guys should help solve dis using "d citizen" approach.i tried doing it but i dont know my mistake.
(1)if 4^x=8x find x.
(2) find x if (4/x)^x=2x
2^2x=8x, or 2^(2x-3)=x or

2^(2x-3)/4^(2x-3)=x/4^(2x-3)

(1/2)^(2x-3)=x*(1/4)^(2x-3)

(0.5)^(2x-3)=x*(0.25)^(2x-3)

(1-0.5)^(2x-3)=x*(1-0.75)^(2x-3)

by binomial approx.

1-(2x-3)*0.5...=

x*[1-(2x-3)*0.75+...]

re-arrangin gives
1-x+3/2=x-3x/4*(2x-3)
or
4-4x+6=4x-6x^2+9x
or
6x^2-17x+6=0

for d second question;
(4/x)^x=2x or 4^x=2x^(x+1) or

2^(2x-1)=x^(x+1)...i hope u can go on from there?
EducationRe: Nairaland Mathematics Clinic by Laplacian(m): 12:44pm On Nov 15, 2013
Alpha Maximus: Hmmm, nice approach bruv but here's a shorter approach:
(I) Pr(sum of 11) : for this to occur the first two numbers must have a sum of at least 5 and at most 10(11-6 and the 2 dice can't sum up to 11 since there's no die bearing 0) and from sample space there, are 27 outcomes out of 36
Thus a probability of 27/36, then the third number must make the previous sum add up to 11 and there is a 1/6 probability of this occurence since the last number is from the last die(singular of dice)
Thus,pr(sum of 11 from 3 dice)=27/36 * 1/6=27/216(it wasn't meant to be this lengthy if not for explanation's sake)
(II) Pr(sum of 12 from a single throw of 3 dice)
Same method above: the first 2 dice must have a sum of at least 6(12-6) and at most 11, from sample space there are 25 outcomes out of 36 possible outcomes satisfying this designation...then the last die must show a number which makes the sum 12 and there is a 1/6 chance for this to occur, therefore:
Pr(sum of 12 from single throw of 3 dice)=25/36 * 1/6 =25/216...this method saves mathematicians fro the strenuous approach of having to mentally try out all possible combinations such as 1,4,6...4,1,6 ...etc, like you did in your solution
nice approach
EducationRe: Nairaland Mathematics Clinic by Laplacian(m): 6:25pm On Nov 14, 2013
Laplacian: ...a two digit number is divisble by 4 prove that d unit digit MUST be even...
EducationRe: Nairaland Mathematics Clinic by Laplacian(m): 6:24pm On Nov 14, 2013
Laplacian: ...a two digit number is divisible by 4, if d unit digit is also divisible by 4, show that d tens digit MUST be even...

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