₦airaland Forum

Missabigail234:
Please I'm in need of past question in environmental toxicology and pollution management (msc).

Hi Abigail. Pls have u been able to get past questions?

efit:
[b][/b] Pls what about 2017 ooooo. Pls is the form out?

It is out. Closing date is 28th July. Check unilag postgraduate website for details.

trendiitee:
hello.... Sorry I'm responding late... To your questions
1. Tuition is 70k, obligatory fee is 61,500 and departmental fee ranges from 10 - 20k.
Duration is a year altho there has been rumors that it's going to be 18 months from next session

2. We have 6 courses for 1st semester and 4 courses for second semester including seminar and project

3. Most people in my class are working class, so you'll find a way around that. Lectures are from Monday to Thursday. Then lectures are fixed based on the lecturer's convenience so most times they don't follow the timetable.

With biological science you are good to go for ecotox...but ecotox is a very competitive course though...

Thanks alot for this first hand info, that means i have to read well for the entry exams..God bless you real good.

PS: Pls if you have any past question on Env toxicology, i don't mind if u can help out. Thank you.

trendiitee:
ask your questions

Good day sis. Please are u a current MSc Env toxicology student? If yes, pls can you help with these few questions..
1. The fees and duration of the program?
2. What's the curriculum like?
3. Are the duration of classes flexible as in can one work while studying the course?

I studied biological science during my UG & intend going for either Parasitology and bioinformatics or Environment toxicology.

Pls reply as soon as u can. God bless u. Thanks.

kayvine4u:
Environmental Science questions looked easy and i just dey answer dey go cos my undergrad is URP, only for me to see 24. yeee ...see gobe. anyways i'm still hopeful for an interview invite cos of my state AKW.

Lol easy ke.. Me that studied biological sciences sef confuse cos didn't even smell those reading areas, i focused on my UG courses. Used guesswork & with d help of God managed to score 28.

Study based on your undergraduate courses & a few on ur PG. Nothing like current affairs or quantitative reasoning. Elect that wrote today, questions on physics came up. For medicals, some wrote on biochem, virology etc. Environ was gbamgbam (set frm architecture, real estate, urban & regional planning).

Nickysazz:
Sure. Sent a pm

Oh sorry. Went offline later on. How did ur exam go?

Nickysazz:
Same. 1pm today.

Let's connect. Heading to d venue, u?

dedutchess89:
yes God's grace we did. Thanks for asking.

Guys please what are we reading for environmental science?? oh I have no materials

Env science also. Writing by 1pm, when re u writing?

charlfay:
Good morning, please are you a current Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Management student. I would like to ask you some questions please.

No am not. Only wanted to get info on the fees nd accommodation so can apply this year

charlfay:
Good morning, please have you been get any past question for this program, if you get it please can you share with me. Thanks

No i don't have, am also looking for the past questions. If I get any will share with u, pls kindly do same if u have any. Thanks

aamstih:
Who is writing on the 6th and is moving from Lagos? Kindly quote lets see if we can make the trip fun.

Writing on the 6th bt leaving on wed morn. Moving from Ojota, u?

Emeritusseun:
shey u go lap me go ph!.... Am into medicine

Lol

Emeritusseun:
shey u go lap me go ph!.... Am into medicine

Lol..

Emeritusseun:
me too never go ph before o......
I never even get transport sef!...going is stil under prob!
But d journey is abt 8hours

Me too neva enta ph b4. I no fit risk nite journey. Will prob leave wed morning or find anoda alternative. My course is environmental science, what's urs?

Nickysazz:
I have no idea.

Ok thanks

Emeritusseun:
slated for 6th....plan taking night bus on d 5th...enrouting lag to ph

Not travelled with night bus before. Pls what time do they move and when will they reach phc?

Nickysazz:
Any Lagos enroute PH for the test on the 6th?

Yea, still thinking of when to move. Not familiar with phc. Do u have an idea if the test was scheduled by state or course?

Pls does anyone have Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Management past questions? Pls help out

Goovo:
How true is this?

Very true. Watch the news or check vanguard online..

LAGOS DECLARES JUNE 12 PUBLIC HOLIDAY
…Says State Remains Committed To Ideals Of The Annulled Elections

The Lagos State Government on Sunday declared Monday public holiday to mark June 12 celebration in the State, saying that the State remains committed to the ideals of the annulled 1993 Presidential election.

In a statement signed by the Secretary to the State Government, Mr Tunji Bello on behalf of the State Governor, Mr Akinwunmi Ambode, the government said the holiday was in honour of the ideals which June 12, 1993 Presidential election represents being a day that the country experienced an election that was adjudged as the freest and fairest in Nigeria’s history.

The Governor said 24 years after, the ideals of June 12 commemoration were worth celebrating, describing the day as one of the most defining moments of the country’s political history which has positively shaped its democratic rule.

Governor Ambode said the time has come for Nigerians to go beyond the commemoration and entrench a viable democracy as a way to immortalise the late presumed winner of June 12, 1993 Presidential election, Chief M.K.O Abiola through the practice of true federalism and conduct of credible and fair elections.

He said: "June 12, 1993 is a day we must not forget in the annals of our democratic history. Our present democratic experience may still be far from the ideal but we must all make concerted efforts to entrench fiscal federalism which is the only way to achieve true nationhood.”

Continuing, Governor Ambode said part of the enduring lessons of June 12 election is that it imbued the patriotic and nationalistic zeal in all Nigerians to speak with one voice to make a political choice devoid of ethnic, racial or social sentiments.

“On June 12, 1993, majority of Nigerians across all divides demonstrated through the ballot box that irrespective of class or ethnic sympathies, the Nigerian people are united and would always join hands to promote our unifying values,” he said.

Governor Ambode said though the peoples’ hope was dashed with the annulment of the elections by the military junta, the lessons of the elections cannot be wished away despite subterranean efforts by many to do, describing June 12 as the real Democracy Day in Nigeria.

“We owe it a duty to genuinely immortalize the fallen heroes of the June 12 struggle nationally and deepen our democratic values to ensure that never again will such anti-people action be allowed to take place”.

He also assured that his administration remains committed to the ideals of June 12 by carrying out people-oriented programmes across the State and making life more comfortable for the people.

Meanwhile, the State Government, through the office of Civic Engagement, has perfected arrangement for the annual public symposium which will hold at the De Roof, LTV 8 in Ikeja, to celebrate June 12.

SIGNED
TUNJI BELLO
SECRETARY TO THE STATE GOVERNMENT
JUNE 11, 2017

MyIncorp:
Having directly overseen the formation of more than 250 businesses over more than half a decade, I can say I have seen it all when it comes to dealing with issues of company formation in Nigeria.

In a series of post, I shall be put together questions and answers that will guide the prospective investor, business owner and stakeholders in the business world.

Enjoy.
 
Q1: What is a business name and why is it so important?
A business name is the name which a business trades under for commercial purposes. A business does not actually begin by formulating a business plan or opening a bank account. It starts from choosing a name. There is more to business name than just identity. A good business name is an advertising tool. Many large companies even hire expensive consultants to help them name their businesses, products and services.
 
Q2: I have this business name that I love so much, and I want to start a business under that name. Can I proceed immediately?
No. I think the next thing after you must have done a feasibility study on the business itself is to get the business name registered at the Corporate Affairs Commission (CAC).
 
Q3: What do you mean by Corporate Affairs Commission?
Registration of business in Nigeria is the exclusive responsibility of the Corporate Affairs Commission, also known as CAC; which has its head office in Abuja, and branches in most states of the federation. The CAC is the federal government agency responsible for registration of all companies.
 
Q4: But I was told that the cost of registering/incorporating a company is expensive. Can't I go on with the business then register the name later?
My candid advice is No! Having your business registered definitely confers some credibility on it, given that it then acquires an identity. In many important business activities or relationships you may want to get involved in, details of your business registration will be required. You do not have to wait for such occasions before getting your business into the register of companies - you may miss an important opportunity just for that omission.
 
Q5: Is that all?
No. Using a business name similar or identical to that of a registered business name can land you into problems, including legal issues. Besides, if you have succeeded in doing business for several years under a name which has not been registered, that does not confer ownership of such business name on you. The CAC has to approve the availability of such a business name before you can proceed to file an application to get the name registered.
 
Q6: Does that mean I may forfeit a business name that I have been trading under and has become so popular in the marketplace just because I didn't register it at first?
 Yes. Due to your negligence, someone somewhere might have registered that name or a similar one. This means you will lose all the goodwill that name garnered over the years. Do you see that this situation is more expensive?
 
Q7: I understand that the Corporate Affairs Commission rejects registration of some business names. What are the likely reasons for such actions?
Good question! Officials at the CAC use their discretion in approving a business name submitted for search. Business names may be disapproved if such names existed or are similar to the ones on their database. At times, business names are disapproved due to their vague nature. Consider someone who submitted LAW FIRM as a business name!? More so, objects such as INSTITUTION, FOUNDATION and MINISTRY are not likely to be approved as a business name, except when such objects are used for registration of incorporated companies/trustees.
 
Q8: What difference exists between a business name and incorporation of company or trustee?
To start a business, you need to decide on a business name. You also need to choose a business format under which to operate. You need to know the requirements relating to membership of the company, ownership, etc to enable you make decisions you will remain happy with. The routine processes of registration can then be carried out on your behalf by an accredited professional.
 
Q9: Do you mean business names, companies, and trustees are formats?
Yes. It may be called business structures too. You will need to talk to an expert concerning this. However, let me give you a little of what you should know.
 
Three major classes of registration are available under the relevant law (the Companies and Allied Matters Act of 1990):
 
Registration of Business Names: This applies to sole proprietorships and partnerships. It is the simplest form of business structure. It is the one-man business, owned by a single person and called ‘enterprise' in the local parlance. The partnership applies to a business where two or more persons agree to jointly own and carry on the business. Given the fairly complex nature of partnerships, it is best to seek the services of experts to assist with the details.
 
Q10: What about incorporation of companies and trustees?
Incorporation of companies is the second class of registration available under this Act. Incorporation recognizes the business as a unique entity, separate from the owners, with statutory powers to own property and sue or be sued. There is thus the concept of limited liability, implying that the individual owner's (shareholder's) liability relating to the business is limited to the amount of his share subscription.
 
The third class under this Act is the Registration of Incorporated Trustee. This applies to public institutions and associations, operated by a Board of Trustees. This category includes: NGOs, churches, clubs, trade associations, political and civil groups etc.
 
Q11: Can an ‘enterprise' (business name) be used to carry on all kinds of business?
 
A: No. The choice of which structure to adopt will depend on the nature of the business, the ownership and evaluation of the benefits, and the pitfalls of each format.
 
Q12: Why do some people prefer to incorporate a limited liability company?
 
A: Limited liability companies have grown to become so popular among business owners due to the following reasons:
 
(I) There is limited liability for individual shareholder. This means that the personal assets of the directors and shareholders are protected in the event of the company winding up as long as the company is operated legally.
 
(II) The standing of the business is enhanced before financial institutions and other parties it does business with. Limited status also provides a certain level of confidence in the business from both suppliers and customers.
 
(III) It has a better access to credit and on even better terms.
 
(IV) The business is distinct from individual owners; the death of a member does not dissolve the company.
 
Q13: Can I handle the registration procedures myself?
Yes. But the challenge here is that you may receive many queries from the officials at the CAC if you don't comply with certain rules. Though it is cheaper to do the registration yourself, hiring the services of accredited professionals does pay in the long run. However, the CAC specifically requires that only accredited parties carry out the actual registration processing for incorporation of companies. The accredited professional you choose for the registration process should also be able to provide further advice. As a trained practitioner, he is also familiar with the registration requirements for each business format and processing procedure. However, with the new Company Regulation (with effect from January 1, 2013), the first director/subscriber can carry on registration process.
 
Q14: Now, how long does it take to get my business registered and receive a certificate?
The duration depends on the business format you are considering. Applications for registration of business names are usually processed at the zonal office where you submitted an application to be registered. However, applications for incorporation of companies/trustees are usually forwarded to Abuja for processing. This may take more time.
 
In either case, the duration also depends on how soon the Name Availability result is released.  Name search may take 3-5 days; and the issuance of business name certificates may take 7-21 days depending on the business format.
 
Q15: How much does it cost to have my business name registered with the Corporate Affairs Commission?
The fees depend on the accredited agent and how he bonds with you with his professional fees.
 
Q16: Do you mean having my business name or company registered with the CAC confers special rights or privileges or licenses to carry on my line of business?
No. Registration of any business name under the Companies and Allied Matters Act only confers on the proprietor or partners thereof of the right to carry on such business under a business name, that is, a name other than their own surname or surnames without any addition other than their forenames or Names or the initial of such forename or names. It does not confer any special right or privileges or any license to carry on the business itself.
 
Q17: Do you mean certain businesses require licenses, educational certificates or accreditation from an authorized body before venturing into them?
Yes. Before you register a company that requires a lot of technical and financial input, the CAC has devised new means of screening out touts and quacks from proclaiming to be ‘professionals' in a field that requires extreme expertise. Hence, it is required that you provide educational certificates, belong to a relevant professional body, and or must have gained several years of hands-on experience.
 
Businesses that fall into this category may include: Advertising/Public Relations, Alternative Medical Practice, Architects/Town Planners, Chartered Secretaries, General Tax Consultants, Hospital/Clinics, Building/Civil Engineers/Contractors, Food Products/Processing, Legal Practice & Consultancy, Human Resource Management, Schools etc.
 
Q18: How many directors can form a Private Limited Liability Company?
 Unlike a business name (sole proprietorship) that can be formed by only 1 person, a private limited liability company can be incorporated by 2-50 persons called directors or shareholders.
 
Q19: What does an Authorized Share Capital mean and why is it common to register a 1 million share capital?
The issue of Authorized Share Capital raises the question of how strong the company is and the worth of the company in monetary terms. Shares mean the amount of rights you own in a company. The minimum share capital we register is 1 million because if you register any less, you still pay the same cost of registration. Besides, a 1 million share capital is only nominal, and you don’t need to have 1 million naira in the bank before you incorporate a 1 million share capital company. If you own 500,000 worth of shares in a 1 million share capital company, it means you own 50% of the company.
 
There are some companies that the CAC statutorily specifies for a higher minimum share capital when registering them – Banks, Insurance Companies, Travel Agencies, Broking firms, Security Agencies, Registrars, Bureau de’ Change, Forex Companies, etc.
 
 Authorized share capital is also referred to, at times, as registered capital. It is the total of the share capital which a limited company is allowed (authorized) to issue. It presents the upper boundary for the actually issued share capital.
 
Q20. What are the statutorily requirements for forming a private limited company in Nigeria?
A private limited liability company can be formed by 2-50 members (known as directors). They must not be people: of sound mind, declared bankrupt, less than 18 years of age, of fraudulent characters.
 
Q21: Why is the C.T.C so important?
The advantages of this is that with the CTC, you can present it to any company to inspect its objects for business, to help conduct businesses with banks, tender it for auctions, or government contracts, etc, when these big corporate institutions need them. If you don't have a CTC, you will force the company to do a search on your company at the CAC. Which means you will be billed for that search by the corporation. So, imagine how many times you will be shelling out money for company searches?
 
Q22: Do I get a CTC for a business name (Sole Proprietorship/Partnership)?
Yes. But it's quite different from that of incorporated companies/trustees.
 
Q23: I don’t have a permanent business address yet. I operate my business from home. Can I use my residential address as my business address?
Yes, you can. Then you can request for a change of address when you move to new location.
 
Q24: I quite understand why it is so important to register a business name or incorporate a company/trustee. It's in my best interest, isn't it?
Certainly! Imagine your organization being recognized, favoured and approved of by your target market/audience, government agencies, international organizations, financial institutions, or even your local community - just because you are duly registered with the Corporate Affairs Commission of the Federal Republic of Nigeria! The importance of your organization's certification with the nation's registrar of companies/trustee cannot be over-emphasized.
 
 Do you have a question that is not listed above? Please, drop a question here.

@ MyIncorp, Pls i am a bit confused on what to put as nature of business to register my business name. I want to deal in buying and selling of goods mainly fashion wears & accessories and household items (Retail) but someone told me only retail wont be accepted. Please can i get 3 suggestions of nature of business in this line?
Thanks.

PrincessKab:
Earlier on also, Bisola, Marvis and Bally were in the kitchen. Bisola said she didn't want to touch the plantain cos TBoss claims Biggie gave her specifically. They also complained that she personalised the antiseptic given, and kept a bottle of nail polish cleanser to herself, that she's always a "my..my.." Person...and Bisola said she doesn't want trouble.

Later, while they were in the closet with TBoss, they were talking about Tony and the kidnapping she mentioned earlier, but TBoss said she doesn't wanna have anything to do with him after the house cos Tony likes someone else in the house, that he was only physically attracted to her, talking about getting down with her. Though Bisola argued that they only like each other and since he friendzoned her, she had to pull back.
One thing led to another spring up of the child issue again, that TTT has a child. Bisola said she doesn't think so, that he mentions that his mum wants him to have a child at least cos he's getting older.

Welcome back Princesskab, missed ur updates

Hmmm think my votes will be going to Debie-rise & Tboss this week then focus on another HM in the finals. 1 out of Marvis/Bally needs to go & rest. Will like to see who will win out of Debbie, Tboss, Efe, Bisola & Bally/Marvis.

May the best woman/man win...

Emino21:
Ok lemme drop sum few
hints for us to ponder on.
(1) I think tboss may be
leaving dis sunday base
on the following reasons:

a) all her votes thus far
comes from only one
channel; her fans..but at
this stage of the game HMs
need more than just their
fan zone, she doesn't
have any fresh evicted HM
fans rooting for her
because she was never a
sting on anybody.

(b) Debie rise will sure get
votes from both her fans
and that of bassey's which
will be enough to keep her
safe.

(c) marvis and bally will
collectively get from their
own fans and dat of efe
and bisola.

(2) Wednesday will be
another twist because
marvis will actually get
saved by bisola nd efe's
vote but if tboss and
debie-rise are smart
enough they will look for a
way to get bally voting 4
one of them so as to get a
tie for marvis 2 remain
nominated.

But here comes d twist on
the grand finale: should
tboss be evicted, u guys
will just have 2 watch out
for Debie-rise as she may
either become the 1st
runner up or ultimate
winner.. this is predicated
on the fact that efe and
bisola will share some
votes while Debie-rise will
end up geting support from
both bassey and tboss.

So teamefe and
teambisola vote strategically;
don't get surprised if this
analysis plays out in 2
weeks time. Thus be
strategic for once on behalf of
your favourite HM by not
voting carelessly!!!

my opinion though!

Nice points. I pity some fans, there will be heart break on the final day if care is not taken. I just hope history doesn't repeat itself.

My opinion.... Its better if either marvis or bally is evicted so their fans will switch to either Bisola/Efe/other person left cos if either Tboss or Debbie is evicted, their fans will vote for d person who was saved inclusive of bassey fans & all oda sympathy votes gathered.

This is a crucial time. Vote for only ur favourite, that's y i like Tboss fans (only Tboss) cos from the look of tins if Tboss/Debbie leaves there will be only a slight chance of any1 from d Gunit winning. Unless thousands are pulled in & all fans stand on their own.

Many people are just watching & enjoying d show but in the finals they will vote. All housemates have their flaws & strengths, its all a game. I like efe but some efe fans might be d one to bring him down if care is not taken by constant brag & over confidence, it is not over until its over. Save ur vote for the final. Hmmm

In the finals, you will need all the votes you can get. Let all fans pls be lenient, no insults and bad mouthing other HMs. Just watch & enjoy the show then vote for ur favourite. Next week the show will be over. After BBN what next? Life goes on...

May the best woman/man win...

And the game gets tougher. I see Debbie or Tboss winning BBN if care is not taken cos they have their own fans especially tboss. This week they will pull more fans out of sympathy and Queen B/Efe/Marvis or Bally will have to share votes cos some fans like 1 or 2 of them.

Biggie is the biggest manipulator. See gobbe has begun.

May the best man or woman win... Its all a game after all...

#My opinion though#

queenola1:
I really don't give a shit abt 'ur word if'. Keep what u meant to ur inner self. All am saying is don't come here begging for votes if u ain't d one recharging people's phone. Simple. Any Original loyal Team Efe is for Bally. Period

Did I beg for vote? If u had kept what u meant to ur inner self u won't b quoting me cos didn't say anytin wrong. English is really easy to some pipu. Mtchewww....

queenola1:
So we shld not save bally? Abeg just Act as ur Name if u hv notin good to chip in!

Don't be in a hurry to comment, read & comprehend. D word is *if. U can do as u please, am entitled to my opinion so are u.

Pls we should try not to derail the thread with our differences. Update & support ur fav HMs.
If i were to be #TeamEfe, will be resting this week instead of voting for others. Save ur votes for ur fav HM. This is where d game gets tougher so as to know other HMs strength.

Silently rooting 4 Bisola/Efe... HMs who showcased their talent will definitely go far even if dey dont win.

May the best woman/man win...

Couldn't help but laugh @d way u said the flog. This thread sha

Akthedream112:
THERE ARE 2 HOUSEMATES I CANT TOLERATE/LIVE WITH UNDER THE SAME ROOF..
THEY ARE TBOSS AND MARVIS..
IF I CAN FIND MY WAY INTO BIG BROTHER HOUSE THIS MORNING.... I WILL FLOG FLOG AND FLOG TBOSS TILL SHE PASS OUT...
IF YOU QUOTE ME AND SAY SHITZ, I MAY BE READY TO SACRIFICE THIS MONIKER FOR YOU.
THE DAY IS STI FRESH FOR NONSENSE JARE..

No more updates. @Princesskab, toseen9 and others, u all ve been helpful with updates on this thread, pls continue the good work. People derailing d thread with insults etc weh don...Oyo is ur case if u get reported.

Will like either Bisola, Efe or Bally to win. There's something about Bassey, i can't seem to place yet.

May the best woman/man win....

djcrown:
Hello bro, I hope you've gotten someone to give the Info's you needed. Please, I'd like to know if the environmental toxicology and pollution management in question is an independent course of study or an option in zoology?

No i didn't get the info i need but i think its a course on it's own but just under the dept of zoology. Not too sure but i think its better you confirm from the school.