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If you presently experience these signs, then you need to visit a doctor to confirm and be sure.

Diarrhea is a medical condition in which liquid stooling is frequently passed from the bowels. Diarrhea during pregnancy might occur frequently for a number of reasons ranging from food poisoning to exercise.

CAUSES OF DIARRHEA DURING PREGNANCY
Diarrhea can be caused by a number of factors which in themselves are not considered harmful. It can be caused as a result of the mother eating healthier than normal, taking of prenatal vitamins, workouts or exercise, taking of extra water than usual. These are significant changes that occur in the lifestyle of the pregnant woman. As the body tries to adapt to these changes, diarrhea may surface. Symptoms like nausea and vomiting may follow.

Aside the above factors, other elements like food poisoning, intestinal parasites, and stomach flu can trigger diarrhea. Consult your doctor if you suspect any of the latter causes.

Article source:http:[url]//www.myinfobag.com/blog/2018/01/15/diarrhea-during-pregnancy/[/url]

SAFETY AND CAUTION
Many women suffer from diarrhea at some point in their pregnancy. Some even have it before delivery. Mild diarrhea should pose no devastating threat to the body and should fade away within a short period. If your diarrhea prolongs more than a few day; no matter how mild it looks, consult your doctor. If left untreated can cause dehydration which in turn induces premature labor.

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It is a thing of joy when you are expecting a baby. When it happens, a surge of uncontrollable emotion looms in the air. Nothing else compares to it. Early Pregnancy signs sometimes come without some women being aware of its existence.  Although for some, it is only few weeks long before they become aware of its presence. Pregnancy comes with signs. when these signs become evident, they are possible pointers to the fact that you are pregnant. A check with  your doctor should confirm your suspicion. The obvious early pregnancy signs include the following:

NAUSEA

This is also known as "morning sickness". It is an upset of the stomach. It comes with  a strange feeling of vomiting. Although the cause of this is not clearly identifiable, experts believe it is attributable to pregnancy hormones. Nausea is not restricted to any time of the day. It is most prominent during morning hours.

TIREDNESS

When you notice an unusual feeling of tiredness, this may be a pointer to the fact that you are pregnant. This is as a result of the hormonal imbalance that takes place in the mother's system. A lot of rest should be observed if pregnancy is fatigue related. Fatigue as an early sign of pregnancy can be caused by a hormone called progesterone, although other factors like a boost in blood level, lower blood sugar and lower blood level can result in tiredness.

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INCREASED OR DIMINSIHED APPETITE AS ONE OF EARLY PREGNANCY SIGNS

During pregnancy, most women develop a large appetite for meals. Some may begin to have a longing for meals which they otherwise never fancied; while others may just suddenly dislike meals that before now tickled their fancy.

ENLARGED BREAST

Some women experience a sudden tender and enlarged nature of their breast. Alot of people would ordinary think that the breast would only become enlarged deep into the pregnancy stage; however, the enlargement of the breast commences immediately after conception. The areola or area around the nipples may become darker.

SPOTTING

This refers to an abnormal vaginal discharge. This occurs as a result of the fertilized egg attaching itself to the wall of the uterus. This is also called 'implantation bleeding'. It occurs between 6 - 12 days after the fertilization process.

CRAMPS

This occurs when your muscle tighten up with sever pains followings. A lot of women mistake these cramps and spotting for menstrual cramps and bleeding.

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Men usually have a walnut sized gland at the base of the bladder. It forms part of the male reproductive system. This gland is called the prostrate gland. It surrounds the upper part of the urethra- the tube that transports urine from the bladder. It produces a thick and clear fluid that is a composite of the semen. Prostrate cancer is a caner that starts at the prostrate gland. Prostrate caner is the most common type of cancer, aside skin cancer, suffered by American men. Research has shown that prostrate cancer cases are rare in African, Asian and Latin American men. This disease is not common in men who are below 50 years. Prostrate cancer becomes very life threatening when it starts to spread beyond the prostrate gland. It is said to be in the early stage when it is limited to the prostrate gland. Prostrate cancer cannot be cured when it has grown beyond the prostrate; however, it can be managed for up to five years or more; as a result of advanced treatment. Records have shown that certain men with advanced prostrate cancer, live a normal life only to die of other related ailments like heart disease. 80% cases of prostrate cancer are found in men who are 65 years and beyond, while 1% cases are found in men who are below 50 years.

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Symtoms of prostrate cancer

Early prostrate cancer has no symptoms, but the following symptoms can be observed if it has spread from the gland to other parts of the body:

bloody urine or semen
frequent urination mostly at night
painful or burning feeling during ejaculation or urination
difficulties in commencing or ending urination
difficulty in urinating while standing up
a weakened urinary system
leakage of urine during laughter or coughing
a sense of inability to totally empty the bladder

Causes of prostrate

The tendency to contract prostrate cancer is high in men who have a family history of the disease. Experts do not know the root cause of prostrate cancer; however, the ailment is associated with a diet that contains lots of fats derived from red meat. Also, meat that is cooked with high temperature produces cancer causing agents. This explains why the disease is prevalent in regions where there is a high consumption of meat and diary products.
The consumption of fats also steps up the production of testosterone in the body. Testosterone on the the other hand, accelerates the development of prostrate cancer.
A lack of exercise can boost the development of prostrate cancer.
Prostrate cancer is also connected with jobs in which workers come in contact with the metal cadmium, also with manufacturers and workers who handle rubber.

Diagnosis

To test for cancer, patients go through a prostrate-specific antigen (PSA) test or digital rectal exam(DRE). Your doctor will carry out a biopsy confirmation. A biopsy involves the insertion of a thin hollow needle through your rectum and gather about twelve dozen tissues of prostrate. It takes about 10 minutes to carry out a biopsy. The collected tissues are sent to a pathologist for further examination. The pathologist examines the tissues under a microscope and uses the Gleason scoring system to grade the disease if cancer is discovered. This system uses the numbers 1 - 5 for the gradation:
Grade 1: Tissues resemble normal cells of the prostrate
Grade 2 - 4: The cells that score higher look far abnormal when compared to normal ones and more likely to grow rapidly. The ones that score lower look more normal and less likely to spread.
Grade 5: Majority of the cells look abnormal
This test score is calculated by adding the most common or primary patterns with the second most common or secondary patterns to form a score. Score 6 is the lowest score for cancer. This is a low-grade cancer. A medium grade cancer carries a score of 7; while a score of 8, 9 or 10 is high grade cancer. A higher Gleason score is a pointer to rapid spreading cancer.

Staging of prostrate cancer

Unlike grading, which tells you the rate at which prostrate cancer spreads, staging tells you how advanced the cancer has become. Many doctors use the TNM (tumor, nodes, metastasis) system.
The tumor stage determines the location and size of the tumor. The node stage is used to ascertain if the cancer has spread to the lymph nodes near the bladder. The metastasis stage is used to find out if the cancer has spread to other organs or the bones.

Doctors group and stage prostrate cancer by adding the TNM results, Gleason score and the PSA levels. This process is called stage grouping. The results are expressed in roman numerals i - iv.

STAGE I
Tumor is contained in the prostrate gland and it has not spread. It has a Gleason score of 6 or less. During a digital rectal exam,tumor may not be felt or seen during imaging tests.

STAGE IIA
Tumour is growing in the prostrate, but has developed to other organs. Gleason score is 7 or less and PSA level is less than 20. Tumor may or may not be detected during digital rectal exam or seen during imaging tests. Tumor makes contact with over half of one lobe, but not both lobes of the prostrate.

STAGE IIB
Tumor can show any Gleason score. It grows in the prostrate, but hasn't spread to other organs. It can exist in one or both lobes of the prostrate. It may or may not be detected during digital rectal exam or seen during imaging test.

STAGE III
Cancer has developed outside the prostrate but it has not reached the lymph nodes or other organs of the body. The PSA may be any level and the Gleason score may be any score.

STAGE IV
The cancer has developed from the prostrate and reached other organs like the liver, lungs, lymph nodes or bones. The Gleason result may be any score and the PSA may be any level.

Treatment

Treatment of prostrate varies depending on the the size of the tumour and it's stage, the rate at which it spreads, the state of your health, and personal choices. The following treatment option are availabe.

Watchful waiting: Most prostrate cancer grow slowly. Doctors may advise a non treatment for this cancer and wait to see if it spreads. Your doctor keeps a watchful medical check on you to see if the cancer spreads.
Bilogic therapy: Here doctors prescribe a treatment that functions with your immune system to eradicate the disease.

Chemotherapy: This involves medication taken orally that help to kill cancers and shrink cancerous cells.
Hormone therapy: This treatment helps to lower the hormones that contribute to the growth of cancerous cells or prevents the cells from using them.

Radiation: This treatment option uses high waves of energy to kill cancerous cells and reduce the size of cancerous cells or tumors.

Surgery: This involves cutting off all or part of the prostrate.

Bisphosphonate therapy: This therapy involves the prescription of medication that help to ameliorate pain in situations where the cancer has spread to the bones.

Your doctor may recommend any of or a few combination of the above treatment options. After your prostrate cancer treatment, consult your doctor if any of the following ocuur:
urinary difficultiesl
a high fever
excessive pain that cannot be quenched by pain relief medication

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PRISTINEMUSCLES:
very informative. What annoys me are those guys that rams in and out of their women without good measure of intimacy. It can be really painful.

Every woman deserves some respect. Guys who do such do not really love those women. Sex is not a conquest, but a mutual exchange of intimacy.

amtaken:
Good work.

Thanks for stopping by.

Pain during sexual intercourse is also known as dyspareunia. It is not uncommon for some women to experience pain, at some point in their lives, while having sex. Painful sex is a constant reemergence of pain prior to, during or after sex. It is a negative occurrence that needs to be addressed because it can put a toll on a once healthy relationship.

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Causes of Painful Sex in Women

A woman can experience pain if the vagina is not adequately moistened. This error can be corrected if more of pre-intimacy is practiced. Also, the woman should try to be more relaxed. The use of sexual lubricants can also be adopted.

Medications like antidepressants, sedatives, certain birth control medicines, high blood pressure pills and antihistamines can cause painful sex.

Infections of the vagina such as Yeast infection can lead to painful sex. Also, infections or skin disorders such as eczema, around the genitals can also cause pain during sex.

Vaginismus

Penetration can become painful if the vaginal wall or vaginismus experiences involuntary spasms.

Stress

The muscles of the low pelvic floor can tighten as a result of stress. This tightening can lead to pain during sex.

Psychological factors like depression, anxiety, worries about relationships, fears about physical appearance can also be contributing factors to pain during sex.

A history of sexual abuse may be a contributing factor to painful sex.

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

This is a medical condition in which the tissues in the pelvic region of the woman become bloated resulting in deep pain when sexual pressure is applied.

Menopause

When menopause sets in, the linings of the vaginal wall no longer moisturen as usual. This causes the vaginal to be dry and consequently leads to pain during sex.

Sexually transmitted diseases (STD’S)

Ectopic Pregnancy

A type of pregnancy where the fertilized egg grows outside the uterus. This can generated pains during sexual intercourse.

Wounds on the vagina or vulva

Women who experience injuries during child birth or an incision made between the vagina and anus during labor.

Symptoms
Pain surfaces only during sexual intercourse
Severe or aching pain
Penetrations accompanied by pains, even with the use of tampons
Thrusts that result in deep pain
Severe pain that last for a long time after sexual intercourse
Emergence of fresh pains prior to a pain-free intercourse


Contact your doctor if sexual pain keeps recurring.

Test and Diagnosis

Your doctor may carry out any or a combination of the following tests in order to diagnose painful sex:
A careful examination of your medical history
A pelvic examination
Other tests such as pelvic ultrasound


Treatment of painful cases

Not all cases of painful sex require medical treatment. In the cases of injuries sustained during child birth or labor, it is advised for women to give their bodies ample time, about six weeks, to heal properly before engaging in sexual activity.

The care of a doctor might be needed in the treatment of certain painful cases. If the pain results from dryness connected with menopause, doctors may prescribe estrogen creams or other medication.
Other painful sex conditions might also require the prescription of medication drugs.

In cases where sexual pain is psychologically generated, sexual therapy might be helpful. A certified sex counselor would come very handy in such cases.

Desensitization Therapy

It involves the teaching of vaginal relaxation exercises to patients. Your doctor may also recommend pelvic floor or Kegel exercises; or some other styles that can aid the reduction of painful sex.

Negative thought patterns and behaviour can also be corrected with cognitive behavioural therapy

Communication is key. Discuss what feels soothing and what hurts with your partner. This can help reduce your pains. Also learn to change painful positions. If thrusting, for example causes you pain, it is obvious the deep penal penetration brushes against your cervix which results in pain. Adopt sex positions that are convenient for you.

Engage in longer pre-intimacy. This helps the vagina to be well lubricated, thereby eliminating dryness and consequent sexual pain. You may adopt a certified lubricant that suits your body, in order to fight off the dryness of the vagina.Partners may engage in sensual massage, kissing and beneficial masturbation as an alternate until sexual pain is resolved.

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The very moment the fetus begins to form in the womb of a woman, there seem to be an indescribable bond between mother and unborn child. This connection is so strong that the mother feels every move and emotion of the fetus. Parents always have a high expectancy for the safe delivery of their unborn, hence, no normal parents plan for the death of their child. Quite sad however, there are instances where parents witness the passing on of their infant due to factors which vary from health issues to injuries. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimated an over 23,000 infants deaths in the United States in the year 2014.

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It states further that most infants that are born, survive; however, six out of every one thousand children born, lose their lives. It lists 5 major causes of infant mortality deaths as:

birth defect
preterm birth (birth prior to 37 weeks of conception ) and low birth weight
maternal complications of pregnancy
sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
injuries e.g suffocation
These factors combined, resulted in about 57% of all infant mortality rates in the United States in the year 2014.
The Share Pregnancy and Infant loss support estimate that nearly 1 in 4 pregnancies end in loss. The loss of pregnancy can occur in the form of:

Early Pregnancy loss
Any pregnancy loss that takes place prior to 20 weeks of gestation (the process or the period between conception and delivery) is know as early
pregnancy loss.

Still birth
A delivery of a dead baby whose life span exceeds 20 weeks of gestation

Neonatal loss

This is the death of a baby who was born alive, but dies within a short time afterwards.

Cancer.net posits the following grief reactions when parens lose their baby:
severe loneliness and isolation, even when people are around you. You have a feeling that no one seems to understand how you feel
feeling the presence of your lost child around you
loss of faith or spiritual beliefs
feeling that life is worthless with an urge for release in order to join your child
fear of being alone and over protecting your living children
intense anger and feelings of bitterness at a life left unfulfilled
a feeling of guilt that you were unable to protect your child
extreme sadness and bitterness that may make waking up from bed difficult and unpleasant
intense shock, confusion and denial, even if the death of your baby was expected.

According to Miss Foundation, doing the following might be helpful after the loss of a child:

Take pictures. Make memories together
It is appropriate to open your baby's eyes if he or she died shortly after birth.
Be a core part of the planning of your baby's memorial service
Bathe and dress your child. Spend as much time as possible with your child, if the circumstance permits it.
Make people aware if they have said anything that hurt you.
invite family, including sibling, into the room to say goodbye.
Do not be afraid to grieve in front of your other children, if you have any. Grieving together is a start to the healing process of overcoming the pain of the loss.
Have a meditation spot or place you can go to for this purpose.
Do not feel pressured to take apart your baby's room or the nursery. Take your time and go at your own pace. The decision is fully yours. This could span into years if you so desire.
Seek professional help if the anguish becomes unbearable.

According to the March of Dimes, the death of a child brings grief and sadness such that you would want to be left alone, however, it is important to note that your baby's death affects both family and friends. They may want to help and say words to comfort you, but may be unable to, because they do not want to do or say any thing that would hurt you. The March of Dimes suggests the following tips in dealing with family and friends:

Thank them for their patience and support
Make them understand that their visit and calls are important to you
Tell them you want their support, even if they do not know the right words to say. Hearing honest words like 'I just don't know what to say to make it better' can be comforting to you. People may sometimes say words that are not just helpful like ' you can always have another baby later'. You should not take offence but remember these people only mean well for you.
Tell them exactly what you want them to do for you
Ask them to use your baby's name and to remember your baby. This is so because, this very baby is important to you, even if you have other children later on.

The March of Dimes also provides the following tips on how you can help children understand and cope with death and grief:
talk to them about death using simple honest words like 'the baby did not grow' or 'the baby was born very tiny'
Encourage them to ask questions and provide as much information as your child needs.
Be aware of changes in your children's behavior. As much as you can, be loving and patient.
Tell them they are not going to die.
Tell them no one is responsible for the baby's death.
Ask them to find their own ways to remember the baby
Make appointments with a counselor for you and your children, to help you all understand your emotions.
Tell your children's teachers and caregivers what has happened so that they can also render their support.
While you and your partner are grieving the loss, it is of utmost importance that you and your partner take adequate care of yourselves. The following tips might help:

Consult your health practitioner for support and advice. This is because, your body will go through the normal changes that a woman goes through, especially if you were deep into pregnancy period, such as the production of breast milk and some amount of bleeding
Avoid smoking. This is dangerous for your health and that of your partner.
Stay away from alcohol. This may worsen your grief and make sleep difficult.
Take a healthy diet
Engage yourself with wholesome activities daily.
Strive to stick to your normal daily routine.
Seek help from family and friends.

The death of a child could be such a traumatic time for grieving mother and the entire family. It is not appropriate for babies to die. They are new sources of life that deserve every right to live as any other human being. We at www.myinfobag.com share with you in your loss. We do wish you quick recovery from the unbearable pain and pray with you that you will never lose any of your precious ones.

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Ashiat39:
thank you for this information but pls I'm feeling some pain in my right breast, no redness, no tenderness no lump but what I noticed is that if I touch it, it wouldn't pain much but if I didn't touch it, I will feel the pain sometimes. I've seen a doctor but he advised me to stop sleeping on my belly yet, dea haven't been any changes. pls, does that mean I have cancer

Thanks for stopping by and sharing your thoughts. The pain you feel is a symptom of an underlying problem. You need a proper medical examination to find out what it is. I will suggest you book an appointment with an oncologist or a breast health specialist for detailed tests and examination. Now is the time to take some action.

Breast cancer is a type of cancer that forms in the cells of the breast. It is the second most diagnosed cancer in women resident in the United States. It is more common with women, but can manifest in men. Early detection of cancer, to a large extent, helps in saving the lives of patients. Breast cancer varies from the early stage, where treatment is effective, to a metaststic stage where it spreads to other parts of the body.

Signs and symptoms of breast cancer

A breast lump. This usually feels abnormal from other surrounding tissues of the breast. The lump may also be found in your underarm. Lumps usually persist after menstrual periods. The lumps are usually painless. Mammograms can help to discover lumps long before they become visible on the skin.
Swollen armpit.
Lumps are usually painless; however, if you notice pain or tenderness in your breast, this may be a sign of cancer.
A conspicuous indentation or flattening of the breast
Abnormal mammogram (the use of x-rays to diagnose and detect breast tumors through the process of mammography)
Reddish appearance of the breast's skin
Nipple discharges which may be bloody, clear or any other color
Noticeable change in the skin of the breast.
Sudden inversion of the nipples
The areola (skin surrounding the nipple) or breast skin begins to peel, scale or flake.
Contact your doctor once you notice a lump. There are certain cases where a recent mammogram may seem normal but you feel the presence of a lump in your breast, You should also see your doctor.


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Causes of cancer

The root cause of cancer is not clear; however, doctors know that cancer begins when some breast cells begin a normal growth and divide more quickly than normal cells and start to accumulate, forming a mass. These cells may spread through your breast to other parts of the body.
Doctors believe that about 5 - 10 of cancers are genetically transmitted. Your doctor may identify genes in your family line through a blood test. You may also ask your doctor to refer you to a genetic counselor who can help analyse your family's history of cancer.

Risk factor

women are more likely to develop cancer than men
age: your risk of coming down with breast cancer increases as you grow older
Family history may increase your risk of getting breast cancer. It should be noted that majority of those diagnosed with breast cancer had no family history of breast cancer.
inherited genes. BRCA1 and BRCA2 are the most common gene mutation that can transmiit along family lines.
Radiation treatments to the chest region may increase your chances of breast cancer
alcohol usage
Women who have never had a pregnancy are more likely to develop breast cancer compared to women who have had one or more pregnancies.
obesity
Women who give birth to their first child after the age of 35 years
When your period begins before age 12
Women who go through hormone therapy that combines estrogen and progesterone for the treatment of menopause may have a risk factor.
Women with breast cancer may have a medical appointment with any of the following health practitioners:
a primary care doctor
plastic surgeons
radiation oncologist (doctors who specialize in treating cancer)
radiologist (a doctor who specializes in diagnostic tests like mammogram)
breast surgeon
breast health specialist

Preparing for an appointment

pen down any symptoms you had earlier felt or experienced
pen down any family history of cancer
write down relevant personal information
write down any medication you have had or having
take along records related to your cancer diagnosis and treatment
take someone along with you, who may help you absorb any information you may miss.
write down your questions

Diagnosis

The following may be used to test or diagnose cancer:
Breast examination
Mammogram
Breast ultrasound: The use of sound waves to form images of the inner structure of the body
Biopsy: This is the extraction of breast cells for testing
Breast magnetic imaging resonance (MRI): This involves the use of an MRI machine which contains magnets and radio waves to determine the inner structuring of the breast.
Depending on patients condition, other diagnosis methods may be employed.

Treatment

Numerous treatment options are available for cancer, depending on your condition. The following are some treatment options:
Lumpectomy: This involves the removal of the tumor and a tiny section of healthy breast cells. It is carried out in cases where the tumor is small.
Mastectomy: This is the removal of all of the breast tissue.
Radiation therapy: This is the use of a machine, such as an x-ray, that has a high-powered energy beam to destroy the cancerous cells.
Chemotherapy: This is the use of drugs to destroy cancerous cells. Doctors use this option if the cancer has a high tendency of recurring or spreading to other parts of your body. It is also used in women whose cancer have spread to other parts of the body. Depending on the type of chemotherapy drugs used, the side effects may include loss of hair, fatigue, vomiting and a high susceptibility to infection. Rare side effects include infertility, heart, nerve and kidney damage and very rarely ,cancer of blood cells.

Hormone therapy

This treatment option is used for treating cancers that are sensitive to hormones. It is used to limit the chances of cancer returning after surgery, It can also be used to control or shrink cancerous cells that have spread to other parts of the body.

Targeted treatment

This is the use of certain drugs which attack the target abnormality in the cancerous cell.

Studies have shown that a lot of breast cancer survivors undergo fatigue during and after treatment. The following, in consultation with your doctor, may help to ameliorate fatigue
mild exercise
techniques such as muscle relaxation which help to reduce stress
spending time with people you love
engaging in activities that help you express your feelings.

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Breast feeding according to the WHO is the normal way of feeding infants with the appropriate nutrients they require for healthy growth and development. Colostrum, a yellowish sticky breast milk is formed at the end of pregnancy. WHO recommends colostrum as the best food for newborns and feeding should commence within an hour after birth. Typically, every woman can breastfeed if they have the required information, family support, health care system and the general society. WHO recommends exclusive breastfeeding (receiving only breast milk without any other food, drink or water) for infants up to 6 six months, thereafter a combination of complementary food for up to 2 years or more.

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After birth, the breast has the ability to produce the right amount of milk needed by the infant. Colostrum may be less in the first day of birth, but there will be sufficient supply subsequently. Colostrum helps to prepare the baby's digestive tract for the digestion of milk. As your baby begins to require more milk and nurturing, the breast will respond by producing more milk. Experts recommend exclusive breastfeeding for up to six months to achieve optimal growth and development.
It should be noted that most babies loose weight within the first 3 - 5 days of birth. This has nothing to do with breastfeeding.
Supplementing breastfeeding with formula will lead to your breast producing less milk. It is recommended to breastfeed,even if for a period less than six months, in order to sustain your breast milk production.

Breastfeeding is absolutely a personal decision. Mothers are to consider the best circumstances for themselves and their babies before taking a decision.

BENEFITS OF BREAST MILK FOR INFANTS

Breast milk has a combination of vitamins, proteins and fat. The ideal nutrients required by infants for development and healthy growth. Compared to infant formula, it is easier to digest by the baby. It contains antibodies to enable the system of the baby ward off bacteria and viruses; plus it helps babies to have a lower risk of allergies or asthma. Breastfed babies will have few occasions to be hospitalized or book appointments to see a doctor compared to infants who are fed on infant formula. Infants who are given exclusive breastfeeding for the half part of a year without infant formula will most likely have less attacks of diarrhea, infections of the ear and respiratory ailments. It is believed (although more research is needed) to lower the risk of certain cancers, obesity and diabetes. Breastfed infants are likely to demonstrate a high IQ level in the later stages of their childhood lives. It enables infants to put on the required level of weight. It strengthens the bond between mother and baby through skin-to-skin interaction and regular eye contact. This also makes the infant to feel protected. The American Academy of Pediatrics claim that breastfeeding aids in the prevention of sudden infant death syndrome.

BENEFIT OF BREASTFEEDING FOR MOTHER

Breastfeeding lowers the risk of osteoporosis in nursing mothers. It lowers the risk of ovarian and breast cancer. It produces oxytocin which helps the uterus to return to its original size prior to pregnancy and to reduce the rate of the bleeding of the uterus after birth. It helps to reduce pregnancy weight by dispelling surplus calories. It creates frequent opportunities for mother and baby to bond.

EXCEPTIONS TO BREASTFEEDING

In order to prevent harm to infants, the following class of mothers should not breastfeed:

those under medication for certain ailments like arthritis, migraine headaches or Parkinson's disease
those consuming hard drugs such as marijuana or cocaine
those undergoing chemotherapy for the treatment of cancer
those having an untreated tuberculosis
HIV mothers. Infants may contact the virus through breastfeeding
Certain women may prefer not to breastfeed because breastfeeding consumes time, They may not have such time to spare due to their busy schedules. Others may not love the idea of breastfeeding publicly. While some are comforted by the fact that a caregiver or the father can bottle feed breast milk to the infant. There are other women who are frightened by the fact that breastfeeding will alter the shape of their breasts and nipples. Majority of breast surgeons have argued that shape and size of breast and nipple can be distorted by other lifestyle practices like smoking plus age, gravity and the genes factors. These can alter the appearance of the breast in more adverse ways than breastfeeding.


If you have to breastfeed while under any medication, you should consider speaking to your physician for advice before you commence breast feeding.

A cold or flu cannot be transmitted to baby through breast milk. It may even give the baby antibodies that will help ward off the ailment.

PROPER BREASTFEEDING POSITIONS

Side-lying

Place a pillow under your head for comfort, then propel your body gently towards your baby. Use your free hand to lift your breast and insert nipple into your baby's mouth. Once your baby is correctly and comfortably positioned, support infant's head and neck with your free hand to avoid twists or straining of baby. This position is suitable for mothers who have undergone episiotomy- delivery done by making an incision on the vagina in order to make for a wider opening.
Cradle position

The side of baby's head rests in the crook of the elbows with the whole body facing the mother. Mother positions baby's belly against her body to ensure full support. Use free arm to support baby's head and neck, or free arm goes through the legs of the infant to provide back support.
Football position

Hold baby like a football by positioning back along your forearms with palm supporting head and neck. This position is ideal for mothers who have gone through a c-section and want to prevent baby's body from putting pressure on the point of incision. This position is best suited for small and new born babies.

Breastfeeding cautions

As a rule of thumb, be observant and watchful of your baby's hunger signs. When hungry, they move their hands close to their mouths. They may also make sucking noise, move closer to the breast and make mouth movements. Be ready for "on demand feeding". You may need to breastfeed between 8 - 12 times in a day in the first few weeks of birth.
Breastfeed as long as your baby wants to be fed. Infants tend to feed between 10 - 20 minutes on either breast. Do not rush your infant through feeding.
It is very important to be comfortable during breastfeeding process. This enables milk flow more seamlessly. Comfort is key. Support legs and feet with footrest; and arm, head and neck with pillows.

In the first week of breastfeeding, you should expect some soreness in the nipples. Avoid this by making sure your baby is correctly latched on. After each feeding, interrupt the feeding with one finger. Ensure that your breast cavity is fully emptied during breastfeeding if sores prolong and to prevent the engorgement, pains and swelling of your breasts. You may also keep your nipples dry and also letting them air dry to ease comfort from sores.

Breast milk can be gotten by hand or pumped with a pumping tool. Start practicing bottle feeding breast milk to your baby early enough so he can get used to it. Extracted milk can last up to 2 days if refrigerated or up to 6 months if frozen. Frozen milk should not be warmed or thawed in a microwave. This destroys some of its immune capabilities.
A reddish and hot sore spot on your breast signifies a blocked milk duct. Apply warm compresses and gentle massage over the affected area to release the blockage. Regular breastfeeding could also help.
When bacteria enters the breast through a cracked nipple, an infection may occur. This may appear as a sore nipple accompanied by flu signs like fever and tiredness. Consult your doctor if this is the case.
Contact your doctor if your breast secrets abnormal discharge or bleeding through the nipple, your breasts are strangely swollen, hard or sore and your baby isn't putting on weight.

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Halsalas:
Nice share mate, Thanks.

U welcome.

Menopause is the period in the life of a woman when the ovaries stop producing eggs. It is the absence of a menstrual period for 12 months. The average age for menopause is 51 years. However, it may occur in ladies who are in their 30's or women who are in their 60's. There is no stipulated age for the occurrence of menopause. Menopause varies from woman to woman. The transition process of a woman into menopause happens gradually and it varies depending on individuals. Menopause is a natural biological process. Menopause ends fertility,however, women can remain sexual, healthy and refreshed.

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The years prior to menopause are called perimenopause.

Symptoms of menopause


hot flashes
loss of the fullness of the breast
slow metabolism
weight gain
dry skin and thinning hair
night sweats
difficulty in sleeping
skipping periods (pregnancy may occur during this period even though your period skips. You may get tested for pregnancy if you have skipped a period and you are not sure if your transition period has begun. It is possible, but unusual for a woman to menstruate every single month before her last period.)
bleeding of the vagina
mood changes
vaginal and urinary symptoms
complications such as osteoporosis (the medical condition in which the bones become brittle and fragile as a result of loss of tissue) and heart disease.
memory loss and concentration
Causes of menopause

Primary Ovarian Insufficiency
This is the inability of the ovaries to produce normal levels of reproductive hormones as a result of autoimmune disease or genetic disorders. In most cases, POI cannot be traced to a cause.Records show that about 1% of women experience premature menopause ( menopause prior to the age of 40) .It is recommended for women in this category to seek hormone therapy at least until the natural age of menopause in order to prevent heath, brain and bones depreciation or disease.

Depletion of reproductive hormones
The ovaries produce less oestrogen and progesterone (menstruation regulating hormones) when a woman approaches her late 30's. Her fertility rate begins to decline. In their 40's, the menstruation periods become highly irregular and finally stops at age 51.

Radiation therapy and chemotherapy
These are cancer treatments. They are known for inducing menopause and causing symptoms such as hot flashes during or immediately after treatment. Birth control options may be opted for because the menopause induced by these treatment options is not permanent.

Hysterectomy
This is surgery that involves the removal of either or both the uterus and the ovaries. The removal of both organs induces total menopause. However if only the uterus is removed, this may not cause menopause as you will still be able produce eggs.
These symptoms may affect sleep and for some women, may lower your energy, induce a feeling of sadness, loss and anxiety.
For some women, the onset of menopause comes as a relief, because they no longer have to worry about pregnancy.
If your symtoms give you concern for worry, you should consider seeing a doctor.

Treatment
Treatment for menopause is programmed to suit individual woman. They are meant to ameliorate painful and uncomfortable symptoms. There are numerous treatments for menopause. They may vary from lifestyle changes to hormone therapy. Beginning from perimenopause, a woman needs to visit her doctor regularly for early treatment and prevention of symptoms. These treatments are important up into and after menopause. Preventive health care may include recommended screenings such as thyroid testing if your medical history suggests it, mammography, colonoscopy, lipid screening, breast examination and pelvic examination.

cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) (a kind of talking therapy that can help with low mood and anxiety)
Eating a healthy and balanced diet
Regular exercise can help to subside some symptoms of menopause.

Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)
This is the replacement of oestrogen to relieve menopause symptoms through tablets, skin patches, gels and implants.

Consult your doctor if you experience vaginal bleeding after menopause. Your doctor may refer you to a menopause specialist if your symptoms do not subside after treatment or you are unable to take HRT.

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Low Sex Drive in women (Female LIbido)
The female libido is a woman's urge or desire for sex. This desire can be determined or affected by factors including beliefs, emotional state, lifestyle, physical condition etc.


CAUSES OF LOW SEX DRIVE IN WOMEN

Exhaustion

Women who are fatigued as a result of looking after their children, illness, surgery and or parent who are aged can witness a reduction in sexual desire. Basically any form of stress take ones mind off sex. When this happens, your partner is unhappy and relationship issues creep up. Women whosesex life have hit the rock are adviesed to try other forms of sexual activity like pre-intimacy and massage. You may also want to seek couples counselling.

Surgery

women who have undergone surgery, especially of those connected with the vagina tract or breast, may have their sexual function, sexual desire and physical appearance hampered.

Read original article @ http://www.pregnancyarena.com/2016/05/low-sex-drive-in-women-female-libido.html
Problems related with sex

women who have painful sexual experience and inability to experience an orgasm may have their sexual desire hampered.

Lifestyle or social Habits

Social habits such as use of drugs, drug abuse, alcohol abuse can hinder sexual urge. Smoking is known for reducing blood flow, which in turn dampen your sexual arousal.

Diseases

Diseases which are not related to sex, such as arthritis, high blood pressure, cancer, diabetes,neurological diseases and coronary artery diseases, can also decrease a woman desire for sex.

Medication

Medicines such as antidepressants and anti-seizure medications play a significant role is eroding sexual desire.

The above problems are related to physical causes. Other low sex drive causes can be traced to changes in hormones of the body. These include:
Pregnancy and breast feeding

During pregnancy and after, the body of a woman experiences hormonal changes. These changes also occur during the weaning or breast feeding period. All these put a toll on a woman's desire for sex.

Menopause

The level of estrogen in a woman's system reduces when she approaches menopause. This creates a lack of interest in sex. During this period, the vagina becomes dryer, resulting in pains during sex.You can try some over the counter lubricants if you experience dryness caused by menopause. You can speak to your doctor to prescribe medications to fight dryness. Traditional replacement hormone therapy may also help to reduce the hot flashes and symptoms that deplete your feeling of being sexy.

Relationship problems

Issues such as unfaithfulness, lack of communication of sexual needs and connection with your partner, conflicts or unresolved fights can reduce your sexual desire.

Psychological causes can also be attributed to low sex drive. They may include:

history of sexual abuse
history of unpleasant sex experiences
anxiety and depression
low self esteem
poor body image

SYMPTOMS OF LOW SEX DRIVE IN WOMEN

Some symptoms of low sex drive in women may include:
being troubled by a lack of interest in sexual activity or fantasy
not interested in self stimulation or any other sexual activity
seldom or never have thoughts of sex or sexual fantasies
Talk to a doctor if your non interest in sex or sexual activities bothers you.

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The vagina, depending on the level of one's personal hygiene, normally has some degree of smell or odor. However it becomes a thing of worry if the smell is offensive. An offensive smell which is accompanied by itching, burning sensation, irritation and discharge is a pointer to an underlying problem.

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It is normal for the vaginal to produce some level of discharge. This discharge occurs as a result of the vagina's self cleansing mechanism. By being moist, the vagina is able to flush off bacteria and dead cells. This moist discharge is mostly produced in the cervix. The discharge is acidic in nature thereby enhancing the bacteria destruction effect. The friendly bacteria in the cervix produce this acidity by breaking down sugar into lactic acid.
On a daily basis, a woman, depending on her menstrual cycle and some other internal factors, produces vaginal discharge. An average woman dispels 2 grams of dead cells and 3 grams of mucus from her vaginal daily.

It is normal for most women to have little or no discharge during the first week of their period. The little discharge that occurs during this time may be thick. In about 2 weeks into the cycle, the discharge increases steadily, producing a clear, sticky, thin and egg white looking kind of mucus. This mucus becomes brownish-yellow when exposed to air.

The level of vagina discharge up scales during pregnancy. During moments of sexual ecstasy, the glands near the vagina also secrete additional mucus in order to aid intercourse.

As a rule of thumb, normal vaginal discharge does not smell, cause itching or irritation. It is not greenish and smelly. If your vaginal discharge exhibits any of these abnormalities, it signifies a problem. See a doctor.


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CAUSES OF ABNORMAL VAGINA DISCHARGE

Gonorrhea
This is a sexually transmitted disease caused by Gonococcus bacterium. Most women with this disease will produce a greenish-yellow and foul discharge. Gonorrhea, if not treated, creeps up towards the Fallopian tube and causes damage to the tubes thereby resulting in infertility.

Bacterial vaginosis
This is an imbalance of vaginal bacteria. It causes a "fishy" smell around the genitals.

Thrush
This condition is caused by the yeast candida albicans. Most women have candida in their vagina without it posing any adverse effect on them. This is because the yeast is kept away by the friendly vaginal bacterial and hormones in the vaginal secretions. Thrush can cause a thick whitish discharge coupled with itching. Thrush in itself is not a serious infection, but can wreck havoc if the natural balance of hormones and bacteria in the vaginal are displaced.

Trichomoniasis
This is a sexually transmitted disease caused by an amoeba-like organism called Trichomonas. It causes the vaginal to discharge a smelly and yellowish green mucus. It can also cause itchy and sore vulva. It causes a painful experience during urination.

Abandoned Tampon
A tampon is a product made of soft tissue, inserted into the opening of the vagina to arrest the flow of menstrual blood. When a lady forgets to remove her tampons, after a week or two, these begin to stick to the vaginal walls thereby causing a smell.

In conclusion, it is normal for the vagina to produce a slight or mild smell. It becomes worrisome if the smell is offensive and acute. Also its normal for the vaginal to produce a moist and odorless discharge daily. This discharge is a natural mechanism that helps to wash off dead cells and bacteria from the vagina. However, if the discharge is smelly, has a greenish-yellowish and sometimes whitish coloration, it is a possible sign of an infection. It is advised to see a medical specialist if abnormal smell and discharge emanates from the vagina.

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hi feldido and fanthomberry please read article to the end. Thanks

Ovarian cyst is a fluid-filled sac or pockets that form withing or on the surface of the ovaries. They are very common in women, especially during the reproductive years. Women have a pair of ovaries each located on either side of the uterus. The ovaries are about the size of an almond. They produce eggs or ova which are released in monthly cycles during the reproductive years.


Majority of ovarian cysts pose little or no threat or pain and are harmless. Most women have ovarian cyst at some point in their reproductive years. They disappear, in most cases, within a few months without any treatment; however ovarian cysts sometimes produce serious symptoms, especially those that have ruptured. Ovarian cysts can be discovered during pelvic examination. It is important to undergo regular pelvic examination so as to determine if the symptoms are serious.

It is important to watch out for polycystic Ovary Syndrome. This is a condition where the ovaries contain numerous tiny cysts. These tiny cysts can cause infertility if not treated.

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Types of Ovarian Cysts

Functional cysts
These are the most common type of cysts. They form during ovulation. There are two types of functional cysts. They are:

follicle cyst: During ovulation or a woman's menstrual period, eggs are released from the ovaries. The egg is usually formed in a sac,called a follicle, inside the ovaries. Normally, during ovulation, the sac opens up and the egg is released. There are some instances where the sac refuses to open up. In this case, the fluid inside the follicle forms a cyst on the ovary.

Corpus Luteum Cyst: When a sac releases an egg, it naturally dissolves. If this is not the case, the opening of the sac seals up and produces extra fluid which result in the formation of Luteum cyst.
Polycystic Ovaries

In this type of cyst, the follicle in which the eggs develop and mature, refuses to break open and this forms a cyst.

Dermoid Cysts
These are growths on the ovaries that resemble sacs. They contain tissues such as hair, teeth, skin, fat etc. that are found in other parts of the body.

Endometriosis cyst
This type of cyst are tissues that normallly grow inside of the uterus but form outside the uterus and affix themselves to the ovaries.

Cystadenomas cyst
These are non cancerous growths that develop outside the outer surface of the ovaries. They form from the cells on the outer surface of the ovaries and are usually filled with fluid.

Symptoms of Ovarian Cyst
nausea and vomittimg
swelling of the abdomen
tender breasts
pain in the pelvic region before or during menstruation
pain during sex
pain in the thighs or lower back

Immediate medical attention should be sought if the ovarian cysts result in dizziness, fast breathing, severe pain in the pelvis, and fever.

Ovarian cysts may not necessarily prevent pregnancy; however, it may become difficult to get pregnant if cyst is caused by endometriosis or polycystic ovarian syndrome.

Diagnosing Ovarian Cyst

Ovarian cyst can be discovered by your doctor during a pelvic examination. They may call for an ultrasound test to confirm the presence of cyst if they notice a swelling on your ovary. This test is known as ultrasonography. It is an imaging test that uses high-frequency sound waves to produce an image of your internal organs. This test helps to ascertain the location, shape, size and the component of the cyst - whether fluid filled or solid. Due to the fact that ovarian cysts disappear within few weeks or months, doctors may not immediately prescribe treatment. They may repeat the scan within weeks or months to check your condition; however if the pain increase and the cysts grow, your doctor may then carry out further tests like:
a check for ovarian cancer through a CA-125 test
pregnancy test to eliminate the cases of pregnancy
hormone level test to eliminate hormone related issues
Treatment

If the cysts does not disappear on its own, your doctor may opt for shrinkage medication that will help to reduce or remove the cyst.

Laparoscopy

Your doctor can make a small incision close to your navel and insert a small instrument into your abdomen that will help to remove the cyst.

Laparotomy

Your doctor makes a large incision on your abdomen in order to remove the cyst if it is a large one.

Birth Conrol Pills

Your doctor may administer oral contraceptives to stop ovulation and prevent the growth of new cyst if the cyst continue to reoccur.

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Bacterial Vaginosis is an infection of the vagina. It occurs as a result of the overgrowth of certain vaginal bacteria which upset the natural balance of bacteria in the vagina. It is a common kind of infection and any woman can get it. Most women in their productive years are more likely to contract the infection; however, it can affect women of any age.


BV can develop if your vagina has more bad bacteria than good ones. The cause of BV is unknown, but certain activities like unprotected sex, having sex with a new partner and regular douching can increase the risk of contraction. This is because they upset the natural balance of bacteria in the vagina. BV is the commonest vagina infection in women ages 15 - 44. BV is not regarded as a sexually transmitted disease but it can increase the risk of contracting an STD. BV rarely affects women who have never had sex. It cannot be transmitted through swimming pools, toilet seats, hot tubs. touching contaminated objects and bedding.

It is difficult to tell how to prevent BV because experts do not yet fully understand how the infection spreads. The following may help reduce the risk of contracting BV

abstinence from sex
being faithful to your sex partner
no douching
avoiding smoking of cigarette
avoiding the use of certain intrauterine devices for birth control.
BV can be prevalent in pregnant women. Pregnant women with BV stand the risk of having preterm or premature birth. They also give birth to babies with low birth weight (baby weighs less than 5.5 pounds). It is very necessary that pregnant women with BV be treated promptly. Even after successful treatment, BV may reoccur. Experts are yet to uncover the reason why there is high re-occurrence rate of BV after treatment.


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Most women with BV do not show signs, but if they do it includes
vaginal odor
thin grayish white vaginal discharge
the vaginal discharge and odor are mostly noticeable after sex
painful sex and urination (rare symptoms)
abnormal amount of vaginal discharge
Any woman with the above symptoms should be checked in order to exclude other serious infections like chlamydia and gonorrhea. The signs of BV can also resemble those of yeast infection of the vagina and trichomoniasis. These must also be excluded in women with infections of the vagina.

BV sometimes disappears without a cure. It is important for women who show signs of the infection to be tested and treated. BV can reoccur if prescription are not adhered to. It can also reoccur after treatment. Treatment however reduces the risk of contracting sexually transmitted diseases.
BV can be transmitted between female sex partners. Male partners of women with the infection do not need treatment since the infection is a vaginal abnormality.

TREATMENT
Treatment options for BV include the use oral antibiotics and vaginal gel.

RISK FACTORS
It can increase your risk of contracting STD'S like gonorrhea and chlamydia which can in turn cause pelvic inflammatory disease. PID can result in infertility problems.
It can increases your chances of transferring HIV to your partner if you are HIV positive.
It increases your chances of contracting HIV if you have sex with someone who has HIV.
BV is typically treated by a gynecologist. It can also be treated by primary care providers such as pediatricians. family practitioners and internal medicine doctors.

For further information on pregnancy related topics visit http://www.pregnancyarena.com/2016/04/bacterial-vaginosis-bv.html

Pregnancy period is a delicate one in the life of a woman. It requires extreme care and caution in order to safeguard the life of mother and the young one forming in her. This is the reason why, in addition to a healthy life style, the choice of the right medical practitioner and prenatal activities are key. Depending on the needs and condition of the pregnant lady, various health care providers are required for the careful examination of pregnancy.


PRIMARY CARE PHYSICIAN

This is a health care officer who attends to people that have common ailments. They are mostly doctors, but they may also be nurse practitioners or physician assistants. They provide the first contact for persons with ailments that have not been diagnosed, as well as continuing treatments for varied health conditions. Their services are not limited by diagnosis, cause of disease or organ system. Once you feel symptoms related to pregnancy, your first medical contact should be your PCP; who will carry out confirmation tests and recommend the appropriate health practitioner suitable for you.


A MIDWIFE

A midwife is a health professional who provides primary health care for women and their babies during pregnancy, labor, birth and the postpartum period. They may also provide primary care related to reproductive health. Midwives perform similar services as gynecologists but they do not perform surgeries. For a low risk pregnancy, midwives can be effective choices in primary health care guide. Their goal is to avoid injury during birth, trauma and cesarean section by providing individualised health care.They strive to achieve the minimal usage of technological intervention in child birth. They can assist in deliveries that take place in hospitals, homes and at special birth centers. If complications arise during pregnancy, labor and delivery, an obstetrician should be contacted.
It is important to note that there are two types of midwives. They are Certified Nurse Midwife and Direct Entry Midwife.

CERTIFIED NURSE MIDWIFE

This is a person who is trained in nursing before being trained as a midwife in a higher institution of learning. They have certified degrees in nursing and midwifery.They mostly focus on natural methods of delivery. They mostly work in hospitals, but can also work at birthing centers or at homes.

DIRECT ENTRY MIDWIVES

These midwives are not trained as nurses before becoming midwives. They become skilled in midwifery through private study, apprenticeship, midwifery school, a college or university. They mostly work at homes; although they can also work at birthing centers.

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OBSTETRICIAN GYNECOLOGIST (OB-GYN)
This is a medical professional who has been trained and specialises only in women's reproductive and general health. Obstetrics concentrate on pregnancy and birth; while gynecology centers on the care of the female reproductive system outside pregnancy. An OB-GYN can offer medical guidance throughout the period of pregnancy. He can function as your primary health care officer, even after the birth of your baby. OB-GYNs unlike midwives, use surgical or technological assistance during labor.

A DOULA
A Doula is a medical professional who is trained in the area of offering labor companion services. They may be engaged for the entire pregnancy period or during labor and delivery periods. Their services can also be called for during the postnatal or postpartum period.


A BIRTHING PARTNER
This is someone who provides emotional support and comfort during times of labor and birth. It could be a good friend, a partner or a spouse

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Pregnancy period is a delicate one in the life of a woman. It requires extreme care and caution in order to safeguard the life of mother and the young one forming in her. This is the reason why, in addition to a healthy life style, the choice of the right medical practitioner and prenatal activities are key. Depending on the needs and condition of the pregnant lady, various health care providers are required for the careful examination of pregnancy.


PRIMARY CARE PHYSICIAN

This is a health care officer who attends to people that have common ailments. They are mostly doctors, but they may also be nurse practitioners or physician assistants. They provide the first contact for persons with ailments that have not been diagnosed, as well as continuing treatments for varied health conditions. Their services are not limited by diagnosis, cause of disease or organ system. Once you feel symptoms related to pregnancy, your first medical contact should be your PCP; who will carry out confirmation tests and recommend the appropriate health practitioner suitable for

A MIDWIFE

A midwife is a health professional who provides primary health care for women and their babies during pregnancy, labor, birth and the postpartum period. They may also provide primary care related to reproductive health. Midwives perform similar services as gynecologists but they do not perform surgeries. For a low risk pregnancy, midwives can be effective choices in primary health care guide. Their goal is to avoid injury during birth, trauma and cesarean section by providing individualised health care. They strive to achieve the minimal usage of technological intervention in child birth. They can assist in deliveries that take place in hospitals, homes and at special birth centers. If complications arise during pregnancy, labor and delivery, an OBSTETRICIAN GYNECOLOGIST (OB-GYN) should be contacted.
It is important to note that there are two types of midwives. They are Certified Nurse Midwife and Direct Entry Midwife.

CERTIFIED NURSE MIDWIFE

This is a person who is trained in nursing before being trained as a midwife in a higher institution of learning. They have certified degrees in nursing and midwifery.They mostly focus on natural methods of delivery. They mostly work in hospitals, but can also work at birthing centers or at homes.

DIRECT ENTRY MIDWIVES

These midwives are not trained as nurses before becoming midwives. They become skilled in midwifery through private study, apprenticeship, midwifery school, a college or university. They mostly work at homes; although they can also work at birthing centers...

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Inability to get pregnant usually have underlying causes. Knowing the root cause and treating it helps a lot. Research has shown that a greaf deal of infertility are as a result of infections. Pelvic inflammatory disease mostly caused by gonorrhea and chlamydia can result in ectopic pregnancy and other infertility issues. A check with a qualified doctor is very vital if you notice itching around ur genitals, hormonal imbalance, smelly discharge from the vagina, pains in the lower abdomen, fever, tiredness, nausea, vommiting etc. These are pointers to PID.

I am seriously loving this thread.

My heart goes out to everyone who is having fertility issues. May God open your eyes to identify the root and cure it once and for all.