wildchild1:
The physical layer also known as layer 1 is the first or lowest layer in a seven -layer Open System Interconnect (OSI) model.It is concerned with transmission and reception of the unstructured raw bits stream over a physical medium.The physical layer provides an electrical, mechanical and procedural interface to thr transmission medium.
The following are the services provided by the physical layer:
1.Data Encoding: - modifies the simple digital signal pattern used by the PC to better accomodate the characteristics of the physical medium
2.Physical Media Transmission: - transmits bit as electrical or optical signals appropriate for physical medium.
3.Transmission techniques: - determines whether the encoded bits will be transmitted by digital or broadband

Good work, I also assigned you to tell me the difference between Routers, Switches and Hubs.

Also are you sure your explanation about Layer 1 is your own explanation? Can you give me some example of Layer 1 devices?

Fulaman198:


Good work, I also assigned you to tell me the difference between Routers, Switches and Hubs.

Also are you sure your explanation about Layer 1 is your own explanation? Can you give me some example of Layer 1 devices?

Yessir,its my own explanation ,i dont really understand the differences between Routers,switch and hubs as they commonly used interchangeably unless you need me to give the different definition of the 3

Examples of layer 1 devices are Modem,network adapters and network hub

Sorry for submitting late,i had a busy day

wildchild1:


Yessir,its my own explanation ,i dont really understand the differences between Routers,switch and hubs as they commonly used interchangeably unless you need me to give the different definition of the 3

Examples of layer 1 devices are Modem,network adapters and network hub

Sorry for submitting late,i had a busy day

It's ok and to go back to what you said, Routers, Switches and Hubs are not (or should not be used Interchangeably). When you advance in your studies the difference will be like night and day.

Routers are a predominately Layer 3 device, they are responsible for routing you to different networks via entries in their routing tables (when you get more advanced we will get more into it in the future). So basically if you need to get to a different IP address that is not within your LAN (local area network), the router is the device to get you there. (Though there are Layer 3 switches also known as multi-layer switches but we are not going to discuss that yet).

Switches, are devices that operate at layer 2 of the OSI model (as aforementioned, there are exceptions). Switches handle traffic in correlation to ones MAC address. In addition, switches operate at full-duplex whereas hubs, a layer 1 device operate at at half-duplex. Full-duplex means that both parties can transmit (send) and receive data at the same time. Each switch port represents its own collision domain.

Hubs have no special functionality and can not operate at full-duplex, they operate at half-duplex which means you can only send or receive at one point, you can not send or receive data at the same time simultaneously. Hubs no matter how many devices are connected to them provides only 1 collision domain whereas switches provide multiple collision domains.

Please feel free to ask any questions if you are unsure of something.

Good job Mr Fulaman

Fulaman198:


It's ok and to go back to what you said, Routers, Switches and Hubs are not (or should not be used Interchangeably). When you advance in your studies the difference will be like night and day.

Routers are a predominately Layer 3 device, they are responsible for routing you to different networks via entries in their routing tables (when you get more advanced we will get more into it in the future). So basically if you need to get to a different IP address that is not within your LAN (local area network), the router is the device to get you there. (Though there are Layer 3 switches also known as multi-layer switches but we are not going to discuss that yet).

Switches, are devices that operate at layer 2 of the OSI model (as aforementioned, there are exceptions). Switches handle traffic in correlation to ones MAC address. In addition, switches operate at full-duplex whereas hubs, a layer 1 device operate at at half-duplex. Full-duplex means that both parties can transmit (send) and receive data at the same time. Each switch port represents its own collision domain.

Hubs have no special functionality and can not operate at full-duplex, they operate at half-duplex which means you can only send or receive at one point, you can not send or receive data at the same time simultaneously. Hubs no matter how many devices are connected to them provides only 1 collision domain whereas switches provide multiple collision domains.

Please feel free to ask any questions if you are unsure of something.

Ok sir,thanks very much.
I just wanna ask,whats the correlation between, network security and ethical hacking?

wildchild1:


Ok sir,thanks very much.
I just wanna ask,whats the correlation between, network security and ethical hacking?

Ethical hacking is a sub category of network security. In ethical hacking you are looking for vulnerabilities within a companies network. Some of it is via penetration testing, scanning for open ports, looking for ways the company can tighten its security, and creating reports to inform the company of your observations.

Oga teachers, when are we getting to practicals on this training?

ptoall1000:
Oga teachers, when are we getting to practicals on this training?

When the others catch up to you

Fulaman198:


Ethical hacking is a sub category of network security. In ethical hacking you are looking for vulnerabilities within a companies network. Some of it is via penetration testing, scanning for open ports, looking for ways the company can tighten its security, and creating reports to inform the company of your observations.

Very insightful post.. thanks boss

What's next sir?

wildchild1:


Very insightful post.. thanks boss

What's next sir?

Please start reading about the data link and network layers. When you are done reading about the network layers, I'll give you an assignment.

Fulaman198:


Please start reading about the data link and network layers. When you are done reading about the network layers, I'll give you an assignment.

Ok sir,will get to work asap

Well done fulaman198, i have been busy, do i need to submit my assignment again?

wildchild1:

Ok sir,will get to work asap

Good job, I like your enthusiasm

adamskutty:
Well done fulaman198, i have been busy, do i need to submit my assignment again?

That's up to you

Oga, Pls continue this lecture o. We can't wait for everybody.

ptoall1000:
Oga, Pls continue this lecture o. We can't wait for everybody.

Well please be more specific in what you would like to learn ptoall1000 and I'd be more than happy to go over it with you. You have to remember, that we all start somewhere.

Wildchild1 how is your assignment going?

Fulaman198:

Well please be more specific in what you would like to learn ptoall1000 and I'd be more than happy to go over it with you. You have to remember, that we all start somewhere.

What i need now is practicals using simulators? We can start with simple LANs

ptoall1000:

What i need now is practicals using simulators? We can start with simple LANs

you still have to be more specific than that. Do you have access to packet tracer? I know you have GNS3.

i tried to download packet tracer, but changed my mind. is it better than gns3? Then you can give me the direct link to it.

Yea, I have packet tracker vs 5. 3. 30019

Fulaman198:
Wildchild1 how is your assignment going?

Haven't started sir,been up and down lagos trying to get an intern job b4 nysc in September,coupled with church activity Cos we have a programme in church tomorrow...Sunday i will start with the assignment

wildchild1:

Haven't started sir,been up and down lagos trying to get an intern job b4 nysc in September,coupled with church activity Cos we have a programme in church tomorrow...Sunday i will start with the assignment

Ok O

ptoall1000:
i tried to download packet tracer, but changed my mind. is it better than gns3? Then you can give me the direct link to it.

no I just have graded exercises you can do to test your skills in configuring stuff. These are a list of exercises you can do to keep yourself busy whilst I coach the others. You can use Packet Tracer to complete them.

PArt 1: Basic Networking

- 1-1 Basic Configuration http://www.ranet.co.th/packetlab/ccna/NA-1-1-BasicConfig.pka

- 1-2 IPv4 Addressing http://www.ranet.co.th/packetlab/ccna/NA-1-2-IPv4addressing.pka

- 1-3 IPv6 Addressing http://www.ranet.co.th/packetlab/ccna/NA-1-3-IPv6addressing.pka

Part 2: LAN Technology

- 2-1 InterVLAN Routing http://www.ranet.co.th/packetlab/ccna/NA-2-1-InterVLAN.pka

- 2-2 VTP http://www.ranet.co.th/packetlab/ccna/NA-2-2-VTP.pka

- 2-3 STP http://www.ranet.co.th/packetlab/ccna/NA-2-3-STP.pka

Part 3: WAN Technology

- 3-1 PPP - PAP http://www.ranet.co.th/packetlab/ccna/NA-3-1-PPP-PAP.pka

- 3-2 PPP - CHAP http://www.ranet.co.th/packetlab/ccna/NA-3-2-PPP-CHAP.pka

- 3-3 Frame Relay - Multipoint http://www.ranet.co.th/packetlab/ccna/NA-3-3-FR-Multipoint.pka

- 3-4 Frame Relay - Point-to-Point http://www.ranet.co.th/packetlab/ccna/NA-3-4-FR-P2P.pka

PArt 4: IP Routing and Services

- 4-1 Static and Default Route http://www.ranet.co.th/packetlab/ccna/NA-4-1-Static-Default-Route.pka

- 4-2 RIP http://www.ranet.co.th/packetlab/ccna/NA-4-2-RIP.pka

- 4-3 OSPF http://www.ranet.co.th/packetlab/ccna/NA-4-3-OSPF.pka

- 4-4 EIGRP http://www.ranet.co.th/packetlab/ccna/NA-4-4-EIGRP.pka

- 4-5 Port Security http://www.ranet.co.th/packetlab/ccna/NA-4-5-PortSecurity.pka

- 4-6 Access Control List http://www.ranet.co.th/packetlab/ccna/NA-4-6-AccessList.pka

- 4-7 NAT http://www.ranet.co.th/packetlab/ccna/NA-4-7-NAT.pka

- 4-8 VPN-IPsec http://www.ranet.co.th/packetlab/ccna/NA-4-8-VPN.pka

- 4-9 DHCP http://www.ranet.co.th/packetlab/ccna/NA-4-9-DHCP.pka

I just finished 1. 1. How do I submit it? I like the exercise.

You made a mistake in ur question, I was told to assign 10. 0. 0. 0 to a host. 0 is a reserved number so it won't work. So I assigned 1 instead.

ptoall1000:
You made a mistake in ur question, I was told to assign 10. 0. 0. 0 to a host. 0 is a reserved number so it won't work. So I assigned 1 instead.

I'm not the one who created those packet tracers :-). Some people in Thailand did, I created them to keep you busy.

ptoall1000:
I just finished 1. 1. How do I submit it? I like the exercise.

It should give you a score at the end

Im done with No 1. No 2 seems confusing, i want to do No 3 first. Thanks for these exercises.

keenly following...
I have no knowledge of networking.. guess I'll start from scratch,reading. hope the time for practicals is not around the corner cos my laptop is bad.

ptoall1000:
Im done with No 1. No 2 seems confusing, i want to do No 3 first. Thanks for these exercises.

What about number 2 is giving you a tough time?

Kavalier5:
keenly following...
I have no knowledge of networking.. guess I'll start from scratch,reading. hope the time for practicals is not around the corner cos my laptop is bad.

Hopefully it will be good enough to do the exercises