before the emergence of physics before the time of galileo and newton the ancients explained the universe in terms of mysteries and wonders. they bring up all sought of fallacies in their attempts to explain and unravel the mysteries of the universe

I want to give a brief history of physics and show how it by careful deductions, precise calculations
and logical assertions helps to bring us out of this abyss which the ancient man as dug.

will be using the names of some fellow science-landers to make it a bit interesting,please kindly inform if your name appears here and you don't like it....

enjoy my story

there once lived a great scientist,the greatest of his time as some will refer to him who passed away,the day he passed away his desk was photographed with the caption "the unfinished manuscript of the greatest work of the greatest scientist"

lordnicklaus-meaning the greatest scientist couldn't finish his greatest work?

what could he have been working on that took him so long to complete?

I'm only curious,what was this great work of his?

This is the grand unified theory,what physicists called the theory of everything,others refer to it as the holy grail of physics

dekatron-oh,i see, the theory of everything,what is it all about?

---**well this is just a theory that will unify all the physical forces in the universe.

johnnydon22- so what are these forces?

**these are the gravitational force,the electromagnetic force,the strong nuclear force and the weak nuclear force

now this takes us to our destination,,

we will try to take a drive to the past and see how physics has helped immensely in modern civilization
the history of physics
THE GRAVITATIONAL FORCE
like I said the history of physics is the history of modern civilisation and before the time of galileo,newton et al. the ancients were shrouded in superstitions of all kinds?

mrphysics-what kind of superstitions please?

**aristotle the great Greek philosopher for instance claimed that object moved towards the earth's because the yearn to be United to the earth.

and also claimed that objects in motion slow down because the get tired

butterfly88-Hmm, that's weird

**yes weird,and even weirder is it that this "fact" was unquestioned for almost 2000years,until the beginning of modern physics


awesomegenius-so how did modern physics falsify this claim?

**Yes a young man Brought us out of this mystery,his name is Isaac newton
.

sirwere- can you tell us about him?

**yes at the age of 23 when he was busy taking a walk he saw an apple fall, and instead of picking the unlucky apple and simply digest it he looked towards the sky and asked the vital question,, and this simple question helped to unlock the heavens!!

geez18-and what was this vital question?

**he asked if the apple fall does the moon also fall?

butterfly88- but any body would have known the answers to this simply question...of course the moon doesn't fall..isaac newton sef..lol

**well the answer to this simple question is YES!!

taurus25-did you just say yes? then how come the moon hasn't fallen on earth yet?

**because the moon is in free fall:just like the apple,the moon is constantly falling towards earth,it doesn't hit the earth because it spins around the earth and is acting under the a force,a force of gravity

our 1st universal force

to explain the force of gravity he invented calculus and finally wrote the "principia"

believe it or not principia is amongst of the most important works ever written by a human, every physicist should have a copy of it

phensbassey-why is principia so important?

** because it sets into motion the physics of the universe,forces that governs and controls the motion of the planets,forces which can be calculated , frees us from the shackles of speculations and mythology and also sets into motion a mechanics (all machines depends on his laws)

crizdaz-just one book? how?

**lets take a look at his 3 laws of motion

1st law-object in motion stay in motion until acted upon by an external force,,so now we know that our football doesn't stop rolling because it gets tired as aristotle postulated but because of external resisting forces

2nd law- force equals mass times acceleration

this sets into motion the industrial revolution,,the twin tower,steam engines, status of liberty will not stand without this

3rd law-to every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

this is the law which enables us to launch our rockets,spaceships et cetera

sunkieisland-so all these because of a seemingly childish question?

**yes,so when you child asks such questions, then be happy,he could one day be the next Isaac newton

next is electromagnetism*
stay tuned

sorry for the delay oh...will post the remaining topics in no time..

ValentineMary-that remind of the word of alexamdra Pope

"Nature and nature's laws lay hidden in night
God said let newton be and there was light"

**yeah!! LOL
So let's proceed ,the next great force which revolutionised the course of history
Electro-magnetic Force
Ever since humans saw lightning bolts light up the sky,ever since they've been terrified by the sound of thunder, they've always asked.

Do the gods propel lightning bolts and create thunder? Are they angry at us?
And they've believed in this fallacious myth for millennia. And was not until the 1800s that physicists start to unravel the mysteries of lightning and thunder and help free the ancient from his shackles

Ifenes-so how did physicists achieve this feat?

** from the discovery of electromagnetism,so the next aspects of the universe for which a law or model was discovered were the electric and magnetic forces. These behave like gravity, with the important difference that two electric charges or two magnets of the same kind repel each other, while unlike charges or unlike magnets attract. Electric and magnetic forces are far stronger than gravity


Plaetton-if they are stronger than gravity why don't we notice their effects in our every day life's the way we notices the effect of gravity ?

**we don’t usually notice them in everyday life because a macroscopic body contains almost equal numbers of positive and negative electrical charges. This means that the electric and magnetic forces between two macroscopic bodies nearly cancel each other out, unlike the gravitational forces, which all add up.

Raphiemontella-oh!! Okay,ride on please !!

**One of the most important discoveries was that electrical and magnetic forces are related: A moving electrical charge causes a force on magnets, and a moving magnet causes a force on electrical charges. The first to realize there was some connection was Danish physicist Hans Christian Ørsted

Ørsted noticed that the electric current from the battery he was using deflected a nearby compass needle. He soon realized that moving electricity created a magnetic force, and coined the term “electromagnetism

few years later British scientist Michael Faraday reasoned that—expressed in modern terms—if an electric current could cause a magnetic field, a magnetic field should be able to produce an electric current. He demonstrated that effect in 1831,years later he also discovered a connection between electromagnetism and light when he showed that intense magnetism can affect the nature of polarized light

And then he gave a law, now known as the faraday' law of electromagnetism,
a moving wire in a magnetic field has it electrons agitated creating electric current

This simple idea unleashed the electric revolution,because of it we have the hydroelectric power statations,dams, the nuclelar power plants, and thanks to this simple idea we have electricity in our homes

But that wasn't all

For several decades the understanding of electromagnetism remained stalled, amounting to no more than the knowledge of a few empirical laws: the hint that electricity and magnetism were closely, if mysteriously, related; the notion that they had some sort of connection to light; and the embryonic concept of fields.

Many theories of electromagnetism existed, every one of them flawed. Then, over a period of years in the 1860s, Scottish physicist James Clerk Maxwell developed Faraday’s thinking into a mathematical framework that explained the intimate and mysterious relation among electricity, magnetism, and light .describing both electric and magnetic forces as manifestations of the same physical entity, the electromagnetic field. Maxwell had unified electricity and magnetism into one force. Moreover, he showed that electromagnetic fields could propagate through space as a wave. The speed of that wave is governed by a number that appeared in his equations, To his astonishment the speed he calculated equaled the speed of light, He had discovered that light itself is an electromagnetic wave

Today the equations that describe electric and magnetic fields are called Maxwell’s equations. Few people have heard of them, but they are probably the most commercially important equations we know. Not only do they govern the working of everything from household appliances to computers, but they also describe waves other than light, such as microwaves, radio waves, infrared light, and X-rays

Physics once again comes to our aid and rescued us from our boat that was made from clay

Urahara- so this time it is God said the four equations of James Clark Maxwell and there was light. Haha

**So from gravitational force to electromagnetic force

Next are the strong and the weak nuclear forces
Stay tuned

So we've talked about gravity which enables us to calculate the motion of planets,the mechanics set up by newton helped to unleash the industrial revolution.

Michael faraday worked out the electromagnetic force which gave us the wonders of the electric age.

So let's proceed to the next forces

The nuclear strong and nuclear weak forces (nuclear age)

Soberdrunk-what is it all about?

** the stars and the sun

Lanicky--humm!!

**the ancient was also fascinated by the sun apollo was called the god who rode the heavens in his flaming chariots.

Thanks to physics we now know that the sun is just a burning fuel
W
Lennycool-like the burning oil or coal?

**yeah..But hey!! If we are to calculate how long coal or oil as massive as the sun will burn out,we'll realise that it will take just a few hundred years.

Donnffd-so what could possibly make the sun last for billions of years?

**new forces, the nuclear forces. the secrets of this forces were unravelled by Einstein's and others

The nuclear forces comes in two forms

1-the weak and the strong

Wiegraf- what are these nuclear forces ?

**the nuclear weak- it governs radioactive decay,Because radioactive materials emit heat when they decay or break apart, the weak nuclear force contributes to heating the radioactive rock deep within the earth's interior. This heat, in turn, contributes to the heat that drives the volcanoes, the rare but powerful eruptions of molten rock that reach the earth's surface. The weak and electromagnetic forces are also exploited to treat serious diseases: Radioactive iodine is used to kill tumours of the thyroid gland and fight certain forms of cancer. The force of radioactive decay can also be deadly: It wreaked havoc at Three Mile Island and Chernobyl; it also creates radioactive waste, the inevitable by-product of nuclear weapons production and commercial nuclear power plants, which may remain harmful for millions of years. It also plays a vital role in the formation of the elements in stars and the early universe. We don’t, however, come into contact with this force in our everyday lives,and is the second weakest force after the force of gravity

The nuclear strong force- a very strong force so strong that it binds the atoms together in the nucleus since genesis. It provides the energy that fuels the stars; it makes the stars shine and creates the brilliant, life-giving rays of the sun. If the strong force suddenly vanished, the sun would darken, ending all life on earth.

mynd44-so how did Einsteine unravel these forces ?

**using a simple idea,that energy can be transformed into mass(the faster you move the heavier you get) ,and he expressed this in mathematical term using the famous equation E=mc^2.almost every science student know about this equation but very few know of its important and it is Infact the most important equation in physics

And this theory called the theory of General Relativity is still reshaping how the scientific community thinks as they search for a grand Theory of Everything

Because of this theory which didn't win him a Nobel price but helped lots of physicists in winning Nobel prices,we now understand the concept of the expansion of the universe,understand light,the Big Bang theory,black holes, wormholes and other concepts yet to be unravelled such as the

The quest for unification ( theory of everything)

I want to know how God created this world. I am not interested in this or that phenomenon. I want to know His thoughts, the rest are details-Albert Einstein

Einstein made a tremendous and radical change in the world of physics with his theories of relativity but he was not satisfied ,He would try one last time to produce another world-class theory. But on his third try, he failed. His third and final theory was to have been the crowning achievement of his lifetime. He was searching for the theory of everything, a theory that would explain all the familiar forces found in nature, including light and gravity. He coined this theory the unified field theory. Alas, his search for a unified theory of light and gravity was fruitless. When he died, he left only the unfinished ideas of various manuscripts on his desk

coolusername- hmm!!

**yeah!!and for 30 years, he was disturbed by a fundamental flaw in this formulation. On one side of the equation was the curvature of space-time, which he likened to "marble" because of its beautiful geometric structure. To Einstein, the curvature of space-time was like the epitome of Greek architecture, beautiful and serene. However, he hated the other side of this equation, describing matter-energy, which he considered to be ugly and which he compared to "wood." While the "marble" of space-time was clean and elegant, the "wood" of matter-energy was a horrible jumble of confused, seemingly random forms, from subatomic particles, atoms, polymers, and crystals to rocks, trees, planets,and stars

So his quest was to turn wood into marble but failed died in the attempt!!

And many scientists(physicists and mathematicians and biologists) have followed in his steps and are on the quest to discover the theory of everything, with it we will become the gods of the universe

In the quest for this we have the kaluza-klien theory,the higgs fields,yang mills,Guts, quantum electrodynamics and today we have the string theory.

So if you need a Nobel price find the theory of everything

seun- so physics isn't all about crazy calculations after all, and have helped immensely in modern civilization and technological prowess

Most people who haven't been trained in physics probably think of what physicists do as a question of incredibly complicated calculations, but that's not really the essence of it. The essence of it is that physics is about concepts, wanting to understand the concepts, the principles by which the world works-edward witten( pioneer of the super spring theory)

Thanks...more topics to follow

Lanicky appeared in ur post sir
What has my name got to do with science stuff?

lanicky:
Lanicky appeared in ur post sir
What has my name got to do with science stuff?

maybe the gods of physics has something in stock for you,

Who knows maybe they want you as their next Nobel price winner

Thanks for the thread boss

butterfly88:
before the emergence of physics before the time of galileo and newton the ancients explained the universe in terms of mysteries and wonders. they bring up all sought of fallacies in their attempts to explain and unravel the mysteries of the universe

I want to give a brief history of physics and show how it by careful deductions, precise calculations
and logical assertions helps to bring us out of this abyss which the ancient man as dug.

will be using the names of some fellow science-landers to make it a bit interesting,please kindly inform if your name appears here and you don't like it....

enjoy my story

there once lived a great scientist,the greatest of his time as some will refer to him who passed away,the day he passed away his desk was photographed with the caption "the unfinished manuscript of the greatest work of the greatest scientist"

lordnicklaus-meaning the greatest scientist couldn't finish his greatest work?

what could he have been working on that took him so long to complete?

I'm only curious,what was this great work of his?

This is the grand unified theory,what physicists called the theory of everything,others refer to it as the holy grail of physics

dekatron-oh,i see, the theory of everything,what is it all about?

---**well this is just a theory that will unify all the physical forces in the universe.

johnnydon22- so what are these forces?

**these are the gravitational force,the electromagnetic force,the strong nuclear force and the weak nuclear force

now this takes us to our destination,,

we will try to take a drive to the past and see how physics has helped immensely in modern civilization
the history of physics
THE GRAVITATIONAL FORCE
like I said the history of physics is the history of modern civilisation and before the time of galileo,newton et al. the ancients were shrouded in superstitions of all kinds?

mrphysics-what kind of superstitions please?

**aristotle the great Greek philosopher for instance claimed that object moved towards the earth's because the yearn to be United to the earth.

and also claimed that objects in motion slow down because the get tired

butterfly88-Hmm, that's weird

**yes weird,and even weirder is it that this "fact" was unquestioned for almost 2000years,until the beginning of modern physics


awesomegenius-so how did modern physics falsify this claim?

**Yes a young man Brought us out of this mystery,his name is Isaac newton
.

sirwere- can you tell us about him?

**yes at the age of 23 when he was busy taking a walk he saw an apple fall, and instead of picking the unlucky apple and simply digest it he looked towards the sky and asked the vital question,, and this simple question helped to unlock the heavens!!

geez18-and what was this vital question?

**he asked if the apple fall does the moon also fall?

butterfly88- but any body would have known the answers to this simply question...of course the moon doesn't fall..isaac newton sef..lol

**well the answer to this simple question is YES!!

taurus25-did you just say yes? then how come the moon hasn't fallen on earth yet?

**because the moon is in free fall:just like the apple,the moon is constantly falling towards earth,it doesn't hit the earth because it spins around the earth and is acting under the a force,a force of gravity

our 1st universal force

to explain the force of gravity he invented calculus and finally wrote the "principia"

believe it or not principia is amongst of the most important works ever written by a human, every physicist should have a copy of it

phensbassey-why is principia so important?

** because it sets into motion the physics of the universe,forces that governs and controls the motion of the planets,forces which can be calculated , frees us from the shackles of speculations and mythology and also sets into motion a mechanics (all machines depends on his laws)

crizdaz-just one book? how?

**lets take a look at his 3 laws of motion

1st law-object in motion stay in motion until acted upon by an external force,,so now we know that our football doesn't stop rolling because it gets tired as aristotle postulated but because of external resisting forces

2nd law- force equals mass times acceleration

this sets into motion the industrial revolution,,the twin tower,steam engines, status of liberty will not stand without this

3rd law-to every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

this is the law which enables us to launch our rockets,spaceships et cetera

sunkieisland-so all these because of a seemingly childish question?

**yes,so when you child asks such questions, then be happy,he could one day be the next Isaac newton

next is electromagnetism*
stay tuned

always interesting
.
nice one op

I was searching for *nuclear* on NL and I came across this nice thread. Just followed.

Keep it up, OP.

+1

Thanks for the thread boss. Keep it goin'. It's Physics all the way.

spacyzuma:
I was searching for *nuclear* on NL and I came across this nice thread. Just followed.

Keep it up, OP.

+1

thanks sir