By Prof David David
---------------------

Suicide is a widespread occurrence that has serious repercussions for the dying individual, their family, the community, and society as a whole. Nearly a million people commit suicide each year, and 80% of suicides worldwide occur in low- and middle-income nations, despite being avoidable.

With a suicide rate of 17.3 per 100,000 people, Nigeria, a country with a population of over 200 million, is among the world's epicenters of suicide. This rate is greater than the estimates for the entire globe (10.5 per 100,000 people) and Africa (12.0 per 100,000 people). Global statistics show that the number of suicides in the nation has increased since 2012.

Furthermore, Nigeria has been reporting the greatest number of cases of depression in Africa at the moment. Due to the sensitive nature of the topic and the lack of a vital statistics system, suicide is glaringly underreported and under documented in Nigeria, as it is in many other developing nations.

The taboo and cultural and religious beliefs surrounding suicide in Nigeria also obscure the lack of statistics. Suicide deaths are typically stigmatized and denied social possibilities because they are thought to be wicked, forbidden, and the result of demonic forces.

Individuals would rather conceal the cause of death, classifying suicides as murders or accidents. A large number of the documented cases rely on police and hospital records, both of which may have been skewed by the grieving and are therefore not exhaustive.

Section 327 of Nigeria's Criminal Code states that suicide is still illegal yet, suicide is still not widely discussed in our society. Suicide and other mental health disorders have not received enough attention, despite an increase in suicide instances among all socioeconomic classes and age groups in the nation, including working-class citizens, university students, and the elderly and young.

For this reason, GYMHA Australia and NBR Nigeria are working together at the 2023 world-class Online Stress Management Revolutions Summit to put an end to suicide and other mental health tragedies. More than sixty speakers and panelists, including well-known neurologists, psychologists, humanitarians, and political figures, will be present at the summit. In addition to interesting activities, virtual exhibition displays, and more, you'll get access to over 100 on-demand webinars.

The main goals of the summit are to introduce attendees to stress and its causes, teach them how to manage stress while leading healthy lives, and offer networking opportunities with professionals in stress management. Our goal is to remove all forms of stigma and discrimination from people, especially those who are dealing with severe mental health concerns, like Suicide.

This event is especially designed for you if you have any concerns about suicide or managing any mental health challenges like stress, anger, anxiety, panic attacks, bipolar disorder, body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), borderline personality disorder (BPD), depression, dissociation/dissociative disorders, eating problems, etc. Mental health factors like stress, substance abuse, severe depression, grief, and so on are factors that greatly contribute to suicide.

Join us for the world-class Online Stress Management Revolutions Summit & Global Icon Awards 2023, hosted by GYMHA, an Australian-based registered Health Promotion Charity. Don't pass up this chance to enhance both your physical and emotional well-being and acquire a clear road map for identifying and avoiding stress. It's critical to comprehend the effects of stress on your body and acquire practical coping mechanisms in these trying occasions.

This free online event, organized by Global Youth Mental Health Awareness (GYMHA) Incorporated in collaboration with esteemed organizations such as the Nigerian Books of Record and the Global Goodwill Ambassador Foundation USA, is a must-attend. And the best part? It's free, thanks to our generous donors and sponsors.

There will be quiz contests during the summit where you can enter to win cash prizes up to $200. But act quickly—space is limited! Register now at https://gymha.org/stress-management-revolutions-summit-awards-2023 Dates: December 8, 9 (Fri, Sat), 2023. Times: 3-4 hours each day, 7pm Melbourne, 8am GMT

Come celebrate with us on December 8th and 9th as we honour the accomplishments of people and organizations who have broken records worldwide in their respective industries. Don't miss out on this incredible opportunity to improve your well-being and learn valuable stress management techniques. Anticipating your presence there!

For more details, partnership, sponsorship, and guest speaker profiles, visit the summit website https://gymha.org/stress-management-revolutions-summit-awards-2023 or email us at jude@gymha.org.

By Prof David David
---------------------

Suicide is a widespread occurrence that has serious repercussions for the dying individual, their family, the community, and society as a whole. Nearly a million people commit suicide each year, and 80% of suicides worldwide occur in low- and middle-income nations, despite being avoidable.

With a suicide rate of 17.3 per 100,000 people, Nigeria, a country with a population of over 200 million, is among the world's epicenters of suicide. This rate is greater than the estimates for the entire globe (10.5 per 100,000 people) and Africa (12.0 per 100,000 people). Global statistics show that the number of suicides in the nation has increased since 2012.

Furthermore, Nigeria has been reporting the greatest number of cases of depression in Africa at the moment. Due to the sensitive nature of the topic and the lack of a vital statistics system, suicide is glaringly underreported and under documented in Nigeria, as it is in many other developing nations.

The taboo and cultural and religious beliefs surrounding suicide in Nigeria also obscure the lack of statistics. Suicide deaths are typically stigmatized and denied social possibilities because they are thought to be wicked, forbidden, and the result of demonic forces.

Individuals would rather conceal the cause of death, classifying suicides as murders or accidents. A large number of the documented cases rely on police and hospital records, both of which may have been skewed by the grieving and are therefore not exhaustive. Section 327 of Nigeria's Criminal Code states that suicide is still illegal yet, suicide is still not widely discussed in our society.

Suicide and other mental health disorders have not received enough attention, despite an increase in suicide instances among all socioeconomic classes and age groups in the nation, including working-class citizens, university students, and the elderly and young.

For this reason, GYMHA Australia and NBR Nigeria are working together at the 2023 world-class Online Stress Management Revolutions Summit to put an end to suicide and other mental health tragedies.

More than sixty speakers and panelists, including well-known neurologists, psychologists, humanitarians, and political figures, will be present at the summit. In addition to interesting activities, virtual exhibition displays, and more, you'll get access to over 100 on-demand webinars.

The main goals of the summit are to introduce attendees to stress and its causes, teach them how to manage stress while leading healthy lives, and offer networking opportunities with professionals in stress management. Our goal is to remove all forms of stigma and discrimination from people, especially those who are dealing with severe mental health concerns, like Suicide.

This event is especially designed for you if you have any concerns about suicide or managing any mental health challenges like stress, anger, anxiety, panic attacks, bipolar disorder, body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), borderline personality disorder (BPD), depression, dissociation/dissociative disorders, eating problems, etc. Mental health factors like stress, substance abuse, severe depression, grief, and so on are factors that greatly contribute to suicide.

Join us for the world-class Online Stress Management Revolutions Summit & Global Icon Awards 2023, hosted by GYMHA, an Australian-based registered Health Promotion Charity. Don't pass up this chance to enhance both your physical and emotional well-being and acquire a clear road map for identifying and avoiding stress. It's critical to comprehend the effects of stress on your body and acquire practical coping mechanisms in these trying occasions.

This free online event, organized by Global Youth Mental Health Awareness (GYMHA) Incorporated in collaboration with esteemed organizations such as the Nigerian Books of Record and the Global Goodwill Ambassador Foundation USA, is a must-attend. And the best part? It's free, thanks to our generous donors and sponsors.

There will be quiz contests during the summit where you can enter to win cash prizes up to $200. But act quickly—space is limited! Register now at https://gymha.org/stress-management-revolutions-summit-awards-2023 Dates: December 8, 9 (Fri, Sat), 2023. Times: 3-4 hours each day, 7pm Melbourne, 8am GMT

Come celebrate with us on December 8th and 9th as we honour the accomplishments of people and organizations who have broken records worldwide in their respective industries. Don't miss out on this incredible opportunity to improve your well-being and learn valuable stress management techniques. Anticipating your presence there!

For more details, partnership, sponsorship, and guest speaker profiles, visit the summit website https://gymha.org/stress-management-revolutions-summit-awards-2023 or email us at jude@gymha.org.

Dr Godwin Akpan Amaowoh True Words on Marble



"The so called fight against corruption in Nigeria by successive governments will not be successful until our leaders at all levels lead by positive example, Tupocracy. Corruption is the root cause of Nigeria's backwardness. Tell me which of the current political office seekers who is not corrupt? Can anyone among them be bold enough to tackle this menace with a clear conscience for Nigeria to move forward? Tupocracy in our Democracy is the answer."

--- Dr Godwin Akpan Amaowoh
www.tupocracy.com


"Our clamour for restructuring and zoning of political offices is good, but none of these, if achieved, will bring satisfaction until we have patriotic and tupocratic leaders who understand what leadership is all about, which is national development wherein citizens have equal opportunity to access the wealth of the nation, enjoy peace, security, good health care facilities, quality education, infrastructure, stable and enough power supply, potable water supply, and respect for fundamental human rights. Let's pray for Nigeria to have such leaders."

--- Dr Godwin Akpan Amaowoh
www.tupocracy.com


"Corruption manifests itself in embezzlement of public funds, fraudulent practices in governance, inflation of the prices of contracts to receive kickbacks, awarding contracts to cronies, injustice and uneven distribution of retributions for similar offences committed by different people, buying and selling of votes, examination malpractice, giving and collection of bribes in cash or kind, demanding and collecting gratifications for employment or award of contracts, nepotism and favouritism, deliberately condoning corrupt practices because of who is involved, extortion by security and law enforcement agencies, abuse of fundamental human rights of people, lack of integrity and transparency in governance, certificate forgeries, lying, false age declaration, non-payment of salaries of workers in time, and other conducts and speeches which are regarded among civilized people as immoral and unethical among leaders and followers. Let all of us, and Nigerian leaders in particular, take up the arms against these corrupt practices for the 62 year old nation to rise up, walk and work as a nation by embracing tupocracy, leadership by example."

---- Dr Godwin Akpan Amaowoh.
www.tupocracy.com


"God may decide to raise up a Jerry Rawlings or another Jehu as in the Bible to clean up the mess for Nigeria and Nigerians to heave a sigh of relief. Sanity and rectitude in governance begin with the people, the electorate in a Democracy, who won't compromise their votes for the sake of temporary pecuniary motives. Corruption can be eradicated if the electorate resists vote trading and choose men of integrity for various offices. Our corrupt politicians buy offices from the electorate after which they recoup their expenses as profits by all corrupt practices. So far, which of our leaders has ever been bold enough to say , "Follow my example in transparency, patriotism, integrity and other virtues which are essential to nation building?" Let integrity and decorum through tupocracy characterize our electoral system at all levels so that men of integrity will participate in the system for a better Nigeria."

--- Dr Godwin Akpan Amaowoh
www.tupocracy.com


POLITICS IS NOT A DIRTY GAME

"Politics is not a dirty game as it is erroneously branded in Nigeria, where dirty and unscrupulous people have made it dirty with corruption. Politics is the art and science of governance to bring about national development. Let us sanctify our politics by removing from it rigging of elections, thuggery, buying and selling of votes, assassinations, high cost of buying nomination forms, denigration of political opponents, seeking to win elections at all unethical costs, marginalization of the minorities, ethnic and religious chauvinism which does not seek to protect other people's interests, snatching of ballot boxes, godfathers sponsoring candidates who will be making financial returns to them as well as using political offices for financial enrichment at the expense of the masses and national development. Tupocracy will clean up the inherent mess in Nigeria's Democracy if embraced by everyone."

Happy 62nd Independence Anniversary.

---- Dr Godwin Akpan Amaowoh
www.tupocracy.com

TUPOCRACY IN DEMOCRACY (THE WAY OUT OF NIGERIA’S LEADERSHIP QUAGMIRES);A LECTURE PRESENTED BY THE REV. GODWIN AKPAN AMAOWOH, PhD, FnbR, GENERAL SECRETARY, THE ASSEMBLIES OF GOD NIGERIA, AT THE 20TH ANNIVERSSARY AND TRANSFORMATIONAL PUBLIC LECTURE OF FIRST LOVE FOUNDATION, UYO, AKWA IBOM STATE, ON THURSDAY, 15THSEPTEMBER, 2022

INTRODUCTION
Leadership takes place when a person or a group of persons exercises authority over other people with a view to achieving organizational goals. A leader is a person who knows the way and has the ability and capability to influence other people to follow him, whether they are willing or not, but at the end they will be happy they did. Many books and articles have been written and many theories, doctrines and ideologies propounded on the subject of leadership and governance, whether in the State or Church. Such doctrines and theories include democracy, autocracy, aristocracy, oligarchy, monarchy, etc. This underscores the importance of the subject because leadership is critical in the rise, growth, prosperity and success or otherwise of all organizations, institutions and nations, beginning from the home. This lecture, to me, is timeous, strategically put in place to positively influence the 2023 general elections in Nigeria, with a view to appealing to the consciences of all stake holders to consciously think of how to change the narratives of our bad past. One way to achieve this is by introducing Tupocracy into our Democracy to ensure that true Nigerian men and women of exemplary conduct and lifestyle, not those who have the bad spirit of non-stakeholders, are elected or appointed into the various organs and institutions of governance. For this, I sincerely commend the organizers of this Public Lecture for their thoughtfulness in choosing this very thought-provoking topic for this year, with me as the Guest Speaker. I consider this as a great honour.

I. NIGERIA’S MAIN PROBLEM – THE QUAGMIRE OF BAD LEADERSHIP
Quagmire here is defined as a difficult, precarious, entrapping position or predicament. Nigeria is one of the nations which are richly blessed by God in terms of natural resources, namely, solid minerals, water resources, good climate, fertile land for arable and pastoral farming, forest products, crude oil, gas and a large population to participate gainfully in socio-economic and political activities and contribute to national development. Sadly, she has remained one of the poorest nations due to perennial experience of bad leadership. One is always left to wonder why the nation cannot generate enough electricity for domestic and industrial concerns in spite of the presence of many water falls for hydro electricity, good climate for solar energy abundance of waste for bioenergy and other industrial purposes, instead, citizens will depend on Generators for power. One also should wonder why citizens have to depend on personal water boreholes to get water amidst so many rivers in the land which can be harnessed for public water supply by the Government. Bad leadership at all levels has also been responsible for the death of industries and factories, poor quality of education, high rate of unemployment, restiveness, insecurity antisocial activities and brain-drain. This situation has been the cause of Nigeria’s quagmire of stagnation, poverty and instability, among others. One major index of bad leadership is corruption in all its ramifications, which successive governments have been promising to fight but without success.

II. THE NEED FOR TUPOCRACY IN NIGERIA’S DEMOCRACY
Nigeria claims to be practicing Democracy, but what is currently in existence can aptly be described as “Dem all Cracy” or “DemoCrazy,” which may be defined as “Government of insane people, by insane people, and for insane people.” This is Democracy without character and moral values.It was in search of effective leadership style and political culture for our dear nation and the world at large that Tupocracy was born as a veritable ally and underpin of pure and unadulterated Democracy for a prosperous and peaceful society.

III. ORIGIN OF TUPOCRACY
According to Urban Dictionary Online and other Online sources cited above, Tupocracy was invented by Godwin Amaowoh in 2006, then a PhD student at the University of Nigeria, Nsukka,in his Dissertation which was supervised by Prof. E. N. Chinwokwu. The Board of Examiners which was chaired by Prof. Vincent Nyoyoko scored Dr. Amaowoh Distinction and recommended and endorsed Tupocracy as an authentic invention of global relevance as a political doctrine. The Dissertation was also recommended for publication. Hence, the first edition was published in 2007 as Tupocracy: Leadership by Example for the Church and Civil society. Dr. Amaowoh was subsequently inducted into the Nigerian Books of Record for this feat which Online Dictionaries have accepted. (Google Tupocracy or Dr. Godwin Amaowoh for more information on the subject).

IV. DEFINITION OF TUPOCRACY:
According to Urban Dictionary online and other Online sources, the word, Tupocracy, is generated from the Greek word “Tupos” which means, an example, pattern or model to be imitated; and Kratia, which means government or administration. Tupocracy therefore is a system of government involving people who lead by positive example based on integrity, transparency, patriotism and godly character which is worthy of emulation by followers. According to the Dictionary, compared with democracy, oligarchy, bureaucracy and monarchical system of governance where character is often not the basis for governance and administration, Tupocracy exercises its power more in an image reflection and imitation style of ruling. This definition has been corroborated by Definitions.net; Gyaanipedia; Everybodywiki, etc. Great people have been talking about leadership by example which Tupocracy has come to popularize and propagate. As it were, Tupocracy has a global relevance in good Governance, if adopted as a system of government and style of leadership

V. DEFINITION OF DEMOCRACY
Democracy has been defined as Government of the people by the people and for the people. It can also be defined as a Rule by the people through their elected Representatives, from the Greek word “demokratia,” “demos” people, and kratia, government or administration. It is both a system of government and a style of leadership. Democracy is a world acclaimed political doctrine though it does not place emphasis on character and moral values. If combined with Tupocracy, the Democrat will be able to say “Do as I do.” Without tupocracy, Democracy becomes “Democrazy.” This is why true dividends of Democracy may continue to remain elusive in most nations, including Nigeria. Hence, Tupocracy is meant to add moral value of exemplary conduct to Democracy. Nigeria’s Democracy will continue to be branded as“Democrazy” as long as it is charactized by corruption, lack of transparency in electoral processes, lack of integrity in mentorship and god-fatherism which has produced thugs and ballot box snatchers instead of patriotic and responsible citizens, as well as lack of veritable role models who should show positive example in all areas of life. Politics which is the art and science of governance has often been described in Nigeria as a dirty game because of the dirty activities of the Politicians. The effect is that the country has become dirty in every sense of the word. Where this persists, Nigeria will not enjoy the respect of other Nations. So far the branding of politics in Nigeria as a dirty game has unnaturally kept away people of integrity from the system.

VI. THE KEY TENETS OF TUPOCRACY AS A POLITICAL IDEOLOGY AND LEADERSHIP STYLE
Godwin Amaowoh, (2021) has stated the tenets of Tupocracy as follows:
1. It is predicated on the age-long axiom that “example is better than precept”, because what the leader is in terms of negative conducts may thunder so loud that people cannot hear what he says.
2. It is meant to bridge the credibility gap that exists between leaders and their followers. If a leader says one thing and contradicts it by what he does, followers will lose faith and confidence in him. Followers need to be convinced that their leaders are true.
3. Unlike other political doctrines and styles of leadership, Tupocracy emphasizes character of the leader, to lead by positive example, so as to become a role model for his followers to copy, emulate, imitate or mimic(John 13; I Cor. 4: 16; 11:1 and I Tim. 4:12).
4. Tupocracy recommends an amalgam of both the Character Ethic Paradigm and the Personality Ethic Paradigm, the former being principle or moral centred; while the latter sees successful leadership as a function of personality, skills and techniques that lubricate human interactions without emphasis on moral values.
5. Tupocracy is all about walking one’s talk, being a role model of rectitude, integrity, decency, altruism, respect for the Golden Rule and the Rule of Law.
In Tupocracy, the leader at any level or institution, including the Home, says, “Do as I do” and not merely “Do as I say.”
6. Tupocracy emphasizes integrity as the hub of all aspects of Governance. In view of this, it should reflect on the conducts of all stake holders in Democracy, namely, the electoral candidates, who may become elected into various organs of Government,the electorate, the electoral umpires security agencies and the Judicial officers.

PRAXIS AND CONTEMPORARY RELEVANCE OF TUPOCRACY IN NIGERIA’S DEMOCRACY
Tupocracy has contemporary relevance in the following areas in Nigeria:
(1) Honesty. The leader should be exemplary in honesty and altruism.
(2) Humility. No civilized society endorses arrogance or pride in any leader or people in general. Yet, humility is a scarce attribute among Nigerian leaders, most of whom are ostentatiousin their lifestyle. One way a leader can show example in humility is to admit his mistakes, apologize to his followers, and if necessary, resign from that office in the interest of the nation. However, this has never happened in Nigeria.
(3) Integrity: This virtue is needed in governance and public service, with no trace of corruption in the award or execution of contracts, employment, promotion and administration of justice. Sadly, nepotism, favouritism, self-aggrandizement, ethnic and religious chauvinism, as well as other forms of corrupt practices have been the identity of most Nigerian leaders in all the civilian Governments and Military interregnums. Leaders who claim to fight corruption are often those who lack the integrity for the fight.
(4) Rule of law and submission to the supremacy of the constitution by the leader: Tupocracy will ensure that the leader is a role model in terms of obedience to the laws of the land, including traffic rules.
(5) Tupocracy will ensure transparency in financial matters, with no skeleton in the cupboard, including declaration of assets. There should be no fear in the declaration of assets if they were genuinely acquired by any leader.
(6) Tupocracy will ensure respect for all symbols of authority by our leaders, e.g. the National flag, National Anthem and the National Pledge, to be emulated by others. This does not mean mere recitation of the Pledge orsinging of the Anthem,but to practice the wordings of such national symbols as role models.
(7) Punctuality to duty and official functions. A lack of these virtues has been a bane to national development. Younger people have copied the bad example from our leaders.
( Patriotism (love for one’s nation): This is seen in the way and manner the leader serves, placing the needs of the nation above personal needs. Lack of patriotism among Nigerian leaders has been the reason for vandalism of public infrastructure and embezzlement of public funds which young people in particular have copied from the leaders. A patriotic or true leader will sacrifice personal comfort and pleasure for the happiness of his followers. He will not do those things that are harmful to national development.
(9) Love for fellow men: This is predicated on the Golden Rule. Kidnapping and killing of fellow citizens for money and ritual purposes are the consequences of lack of love for one another. It is sad that some Nigerian leaders have been associated with these heinous activities and often recruit young people to assist them. Tupocracy is a panacea for this, leaders, should show example in love.
(10) Tupocracy will ensure contentment, avoiding covetousness, greed and avarice or cupity for inordinate wealth among public servants. This attitude will prevent embezzlement of funds which has been the major identity of most Nigeria leaders, and encourage self-sacrifice for national development.
(11) Accountability as required in stewardship: Tupocratic leaders ensure accountability and transparency in all they do, based on due process.
(12) Tupocracy lays emphasis on sound speech and communication which do not destroy but build the nation, institution and people. Unguarded speeches can destroy our nation. Leaders should show positive example in speech and communication which is a critical element in leadership and governance.
(13) Tupocracy will ensure transparency in all stages of electoral processes, no rigging, thuggery, selling and buying of votes, etc. Thuggery has been known to be sponsored by unscrupulous leaders which sometimes claim the lives of people.
(14) Tupocrats will showdisapproval for corruption and corrupt practices in ways that are observable to the followers, so that they can emulate them.
(15) Tupocracy will ensure justice and fairness in handling all matters affecting followers without being nepotic or unjust because of personal interest or vindictiveness. Judicial officers will be role models in the dispensation of justice. Those who punish law breakers should not be breakers of such laws themselves. Tupocracy is against this practice to ensure equality before the laws of the land. Judicial officers will judge

ACCOLADES AS THE REMITE TV FOUNDER WAS INDUCTED INTO THE NIGERIAN BOOKS OF RECORD’S HALL OF FAME

The Nigerian Books of Record has inducted the founder of Remite TV station and Renewal Evangelical Ministry, Evangelist Kingsley Nwaorgu, as a Fellow of its Hall of Fame. The event which was held in Benin City, Edo State on Sunday the 11th of September, 2022, had in attendance eminent dignitaries from all works of life.
Nigerian Books of Record which was conceived to assist the government to drive attitudinal re-orientation; Change Begins With Me Campaign of the Federal Ministry of Information and Culture, is an encyclopaedia of everything good about Nigeria, a compendium of Nigeria and Nigerians with amazing records of impact in all sectors of human life.
In his remarks, the Director General, Nigeria Books of Record, Dr. David David, said the inductee was nominated following his impact in the society.
“Attitudinal re-orientation has for long been recognized as the best way to address the myriad of societal problems confronting the Nigerian society. The challenge of a new Nigeria places a big responsibility on all of us as Nigerians to spread the message of value re-orientation and social harmony. That is what we do in Nigerian Books of Record,” he said.
According to him, “In every country, we have the good, the bad and the ugly. The negative things happening in Nigeria is not enough to relegate the country.
“Nigerian Books of Record is an encyclopaedia that celebrates Nigerians who have made impact in their chosen endeavours.
“As noble compatriots, we are obligated to celebrate the good side of our country, and that is the essence of the Nigerian Books of Record. Nigeria is a beautiful land and her people are intelligent, full of perseverance and Evangelist Kingsley Nwaorgu is one example of a true Nigerian.
“Our centre has various kinds of inductions according to the categories in the Nigerian Books of Record. In the religious sector, we have inducted the likes of Pastor Enoch Adejare Adeboye, General Overseer of The Redeemed Christian Church of God (RCCG), Bishop David Oyedepo, the founder of Living Faith World Outreach Ministry, Pastor FW Kumuyi of Deeper Life Bible Church and other great icons of faith. Those inducted are role models that are worthy of emulation. These remarkable people are selected after they have scaled the many criteria of the Nigerian Books of Record; a testament of their dedication to humanity.
“We are here today because we know that this man we are about to present to the world today has met the criteria. He has spent twenty years of his life impacting the lives of millions through his ministry. He uses his influence to build the younger generation to be in different positions of leadership.”
His impact is beyond the shores of his fatherland; it translates outside Nigeria,” he added. While speaking on the need to identify influential and well respected leaders like Evangelist Kingsley Nwaorgu who positively impact the lives of their followers, Dr David David appealed to all Nigerian to have all hands to be on deck in the reinvention of the international image of Nigeria.
Evangelist Kingsley Nwaorgu was honoured in the religious category of the Nigerian Books of Record as the latest Nigerian Books of Record Hall of Famer and also as a Fellow of the Nigerian Books of Record, FnbR – a symbol of the honour bestowed on him for his good works to humanity.
In his response to the honour bestowed on him on the anniversary of his twentieth year in ministry, the inductee, Evangelist Kingsley Nwaorgu, said, “The honour is an encouragement for him to do more.”

Promo ends on the 12th of June, 2022.

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According to Ashton 2019, raising daughters by example is quite a daunting task as we are all still in the process of getting it right ourselves but knowing the impact of our actions will enable us position for this divine assignment. A mother’s lifestyle will dictate the actions of the girl child, sponsor her results and outcomes, strengthen or weaken her resolves and shape her beliefs and establish her patterns. A few of these tips will help a would-be mother to impart these ethics to the girl child:

Provide a healthy example.
Allow your daughter to see fully who you are.
Show your daughter that you are proud to be a woman.
Ensure that you show an excellent mother-daughter time that will ultimately yield the much-needed bond.
Affirm and reinforce your daughter by reminding her of how wonderful she is.
Allow your daughter to be her own person but guided by you.
Let her make informed choices and let her own consequences.

Share your vulnerabilities with her but most importantly share your hopes and convictions, enshrining and enthroning God in your conversations. Do not fall prey into the trap of presenting as a superpower, that is one of the ways to encourage and show empathy first to self and so whether you need to go on a vacation, for a spa or to fix your hair, proceed with no guilt. The culture of hard work must be harmoniously merged with that of rest and leisure or else this is how resentment and upheavals are birthed.

The girl child in her pursuits will encounter joys and sorrows, wins and losses and this is irrespective of her color, race, religious biases or location, it is by watching how the mother processes these inevitable presents from life and the grace and grit with which she wades through, these and more serve as a lesson to the daughter as she faces same. The absence of these lessons by mothers in the hope to shield the girl child from the vicissitudes of life that trigger depression and suicidal thoughts in the girl child when faced with similar challenges. Andrew 2010, posits that the girl child must be integrated and introduced into the family life of the mother intentionally and with the plan of raising a better child. The girl child is soon up for public scrutiny, teach her to accept her body and be comfortable in it and you do same too, realize that there are different body types and that we are all created differently. Ensure that she is within a healthy weight range by eating only the right foods, this is best done when you are also comfortable in your body and make informed eating choices. Dressing choices for the girl child can either be revealing, soliciting or appropriate. In this regard, there is need for the mothers to be exemplary so that emulation is practicable and easier. Dressing is a major determinant of people’s assessment and evaluation of a person before communication is established. If a girl is successfully shown the place of appropriate dressing, the mother would have prepared her to last at the top.

The girl child must be helped to maintain a positive self-image through the whole period of adolescence and beyond.

She must be made to be productive, abhorring idleness and given to chores first within the house and then developing versatility in other regards. Teach her to be realistic about her weaknesses and strengths. Please set high educational expectations for her and help her achieve those set goals. Make education a high priority and the need for her to stay academically challenged, broaden her horizon through travel, encourage competitive activities, reward excellence, teach her basic culinary skills, stress the unimportance for popularity and the value of independence from peers.

Help your daughter to see the value in creativity, challenges, and contributions. Be open minded about your daughter’s career path, whether it is traditional or nontraditional. Encourage her to select a mate that will respect her choices. When mothers lead good and exemplary lifestyles, there are a lot of things that the society stands to gain when girls are well mannered which is a ripple effect of their mother’s life. As a way of emphasis, manners whether good or bad especially ones learned from role models have ways of reflecting in every aspect of a child’s later life (later adult’s life) as would be seen below:

Being nice at home sets the stage for better behavior. Your children watch how you react to various situations, so parents need to set examples and have good manners. If you are polite to them and consistent in following proper manners guidelines, they are much more likely to do the same.

Professional manners get positive attention. Skills on the job are important, but knowing how to do the work isn’t the only thing expected of you. Following the etiquette rules at work will help you earn respect and possibly even contribute to promotions and raises. Being polite to your friends will keep them calling. When your friends know you care enough to have good manners with them, they are more likely to include you in activities and events.

Marriage relationships are stronger when couples respect each other. Men and women who are polite and selfless are a lot more pleasant to be around than those who are a lot more pleasant to be around than those who are selfish and rude. Your children watch how you react to various situations, so parents need to set examples and have good manners. If you are polite to them and consistent in following proper manners guidelines, they are much more likely to do the same.

Professional manners get positive attention. Skills on the job are important, but knowing how to do the work isn’t the only thing expected of you. Following the etiquette rules at work will help you earn respect and possibly even contribute to promotions and raises.

Being kind to customers increases sales. Show your customers your good manners by speaking to them politely and giving them an opportunity to express their needs, and you are more likely to earn their future business.

Being polite to your friends will keep them calling. When your friends know you care enough to have good manners with them, they are more likely to include you in activities and events.


CONCLUSION
Mothers play a pivotal role in the upbringing of a child and consequently deciding the fate of the society. A home is the first and most important nation with a good code of conduct by a father but with a weak mother to execute, tupocracy becomes impossible. Hence, in the search for societal reconstruction where vices far outweigh the virtues; every mother must be autocratic in orientation for the actualization of this moral overhaul and repositioning. So pertinent are the roles of a mother and her impacts thereof that the Bible succinctly cites instances such as Jochebed and Moses (Exodus 2:1-10; Hebrews 11:23-26) and Lois, Eunice and Timothy (2Timothy 1:5). Today, Timothy is a honorable mention because of the impacts and imparts of his mother and grandmother.

No matter how grown we all become, our mothers’ voices resound in our ears and we all are witnesses to this; from principles and concepts of honesty, punctuality, sympathy, sympathy, hard work, persistence, intelligence, cleanliness but most importantly not just what is said, but how to act and react to life circumstances.

There is an urgent need to address the challenges girls and to promote girls’ empowerment and the fulfilment of their human rights especially from their formative years but also as they mature into women if effectively supported during the adolescent years. Girls have the potential to change the world both as the empowered girl of today and as tomorrow’s workers, mothers, entrepreneurs, mentors, household head and contributors to political conflicts resolution, economic growth, disease prevention and global sustainability.

Girls are breaking boundaries and barriers posed by stereotypes and exclusions including those directed at children with disabilities and those living in marginalizes communities. As entrepreneurs, innovators and those living in marginalized communities. As entrepreneurs, innovators and coordinators of global movements, girls are creating a world that is relevant for them and future generations but only the girls whose mothers are tupocratic that will typify the above listed.


REFERENCES
Amaowoh G. A. 2007; “Tupocracy: Leadership by example for the Church and Civil Society”. Source, internet
Andrew W. 2010; University of Western Australia High School Graduation speech
Ashton D. 2019; “What to eat during pregnancy” Vol. 1 Chapter 40
King James version of the Bible
Lewis K. K. 2017; “The secret to raising a happy and confident girl”. Pp 124
MareaneS. 2018; “Girls Leadership” Journal of Sociology Vol. 1.
Shriver B. K. 2011; “Age and Gender differences in adults’ description of emotional reactions to interpersonal problems”. Journals of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences.
Spencer H. 1903; “Sociology in society”. Vol.1 pp.123
Wikipedia
Wilson 2006; “Untangled: Guiding teenage girls through the transitions into adulthood” pp 74.

By DR. GLORIA EMMANUEL ESSIEN

Introduction

Tupocracy is a system of government involving people who lead by positive examples based on transparency, integrity, altruism, patriotism and godly character which is worthy of emulation by their colleagues and followers. Tupocracy is one word for leadership by example coined from two Greek words, Tupos (Example, pattern, model which is worthy of emulation) and Krateia (Government, leadership, rulership or administration), in the family of democracy, autocracy, aristocracy etc. (Amaowoh, 2007). Therefore, tupocratic motherhood is simply a mother raising her children through her exemplary life.

In this article, we examine the potential influence of the positive exemplary disposition of mothers on the holistic development of the girl-child.

Shriver (2011) defines motherhood as the state of raising and nurturing children. It is the responsibility of rearing good, kind, ethical and responsible human beings and it is the biggest job anyone can embark on. Motherhood is leadership and leadership is influence. A mother is the first person a child sees and the first leader a child knows. They are an important influence because this holds universally true that there is a deep connection and emotion when people reflect on their mothers and whether or not a person pushes their mother out of their memory, she is a powerful influence. It is interesting to note that this influence starts from the womb; “what you do while you are pregnant can have much impact on your child’s brain development and future intelligence as what you do after you give birth”, according to Ashton (2000).

The roles of a mother in the wholesome development of their daughters cannot be over-emphasized as studies show that mothers determine lifelong grooming behavior (Wilson, 2006). This is true especially daughters strive to follow their mother’s examples or they aspire to live otherwise largely as a result of the fact that examples are more powerful that words, they are often unquestioned when it comes from someone you highly regard. If you do something a certain way, the people who admire you often follow your example. Children are grown by nature but are raised by nurture largely and firstly by the mother.

Wilson 2006 opines that motherhood confers upon a woman the responsibility of raising a child and significant social and personal adjustments are necessary for the actualization of the concept of tupocracy in the home as she is saddled with the responsibility of gifting society with a useful member.

Tupocratic mothers are characterized by their intentionality and exemplary lifestyle in raising a whole child. Whole referring to complete, fitting, suited, preferred and noteworthy with regards a person. The strongest and most effective form of nurture is the set examples in the immediate environment of the girl-child stemming from the mother which positions the girl-child stemming from the mother which positions the girl-child for global relevance much more than importance. Mareane 2018 associates society with being rife with wars and rumors of wars, vices are on the increase and the world is in search of a solution and the solution to the eradication of these societal ills, vices and the apparent moral bankruptcy is the idealization and promotion of the ideals of the concept of tupocracy in the home and by the mother and then consequently the ripple effects will be experienced by all other facets of society. Exemplary leadership which is what tupocracy encapsulates and typifies succinctly is the loudest singular and most convincing message to the girl child who is universally the incubator of procreation and progress.

Spencer (1903) opines that society is akin to a structure with interrelated parts designed to meet the biological and social needs of the individuals of that society. The parts of the society that he referred to were the social institutions namely the three organs of change in the society which are the home, the church and the school and in that particular order. This lends credence to the importance of informal education which is essentially the education of the heart and the hands while formal education is centered pivotally on the education of the head. The mayhem we experience today is largely as a result of the fact that in man’s quest for significance, survival and success, he has unconsciously berated the concept of informal education which starts at home and controls wholly the activities in society. It is therefore established that the ills we face as a society can only be solved by tupocratic leadership in the home which was, but is now fading hence this article. The school and church offer structured indoctrination via curricula, the home offers same through exemplary conduct and the concept of Tupocracy leverages on this. The girl-child is a biological female offspring from birth to eighteen years of age. This is the age before one becomes a young adult, this period covers the crèche, nursery or early childhood (0-5years), primary (6-12 years) and secondary school (12-18 years). During this period, the young child is totally under the care of the adult who may be her parents or guardians or older siblings. It is made up of infancy, childhood, early and late adolescent stages of development. During this period, the child is malleable, builds and develops her personality and character. She is very dependent on the significant others, those on whom she models her behavior, through observation, repetition and imitation. Her physical, mental, social, spiritual and emotional development starts and progresses to get to the peak at the young adult stage. At this point, whatever she imbibes comes into play in adulthood and a mother has the natural obligation to indoctrinate her girl with values as the benefits of a well-mannered girl cannot be dispensed. These values include hard work. Honestly, empathy, selflessness, resilience, temperance, patience, contentment, punctuality, precision, integrity, communication skills, excellent dressing, managerial abilities, decorum, diplomacy, prudence, domestic abilities and several others. The girl child must be raised as a multi-potentiality and positioned the society for global relevance.

A mother is her daughter’s first role model and to set a good example for your girl, you have to be strategic and intentional by being exemplary first in the way you handle key relationships as listed below:

RELATIONSHIP WITH GOD: The girl child’s relationship with God will set the template of her future relationships, whatever your religious biases or creeds, religion is a lifestyle and as such no matter what you believe, a child must see you enthused and fully sentenced to your beliefs and this through your practices and your adherence to the tenets of your religion, this must be done with an understanding that you are shaping the girl child’s perspective and consequently that of her future generations given her strategic placement in the society.

RELATIONSHIP WITH HER FATHER: The inferno in many marriages is as a result of the misconceptions imported from families of origin not from hear-say as much as from observations made and deductions established by the girl child. The parents’ marriage is the first marriage academy a girl child will ever experience, it will shape her beliefs in love and life and influence her choices of not only who to marry but if to stay married because intangible emotions like resilience and hope needed in marriage and in life are imbibed from the mother and the home. Regardless of the state of the relationship between you and your daughter’s father, do all you can to foster a good relationship between her and her dad. Girls needs the type of love that a father provides. Knowing that they have their fathers love makes them more secure in future romantic relationships hence less vulnerable or needy to be preyed upon. The father daughter relationship must be encouraged and the father’s good qualities highlighted by the mother to their offspring.

RELATIONSHIP WITH MONEY: Financial intelligence is an art and science needed by every human being and while the conventions have not endorsed it as an examinable subject, life presents us with the consequence of our poor financial choices and for many, they suffer in addition the poor financial choice of their parents. Financial intelligence is a discipline not as a subject but as a lifestyle. The girl child must have access to money and be schooled on income generation ideas as well as the application of that knowledge, this is besides the prudence, frugality an adoption of cost-effective strategies employed by the mother to make the best use of scarce resources to her knowledge. It is with this knowledge that she runs the wheels of her life such that her choices are not as a result of laziness or greed but rather from a place of contentment. Learning the art of making, saving and spending money is a major prerequisite for winning through life.

RELATIONSHIP WITH PEOPLE: The noble way to cultivating and establishing relationships is to acquire emotional intelligence. Emotional intelligence is an advantage; it is what makes for relevance. Every transaction is made possible by and with a relationship, every service offered is enjoyed or criticized by human beings, the value we offer and the monetary benefits we acquire is to and from human beings and therefore for the continuity and perpetuity of these relationships, emotional intelligence is required and must be demonstrated by the mother for the child for emulation in future relationships and interactions.

RELATIONSHIP WITH THE OPPOSITE SEX: The presence of the opposite sex in the life of the girl child must be recognized by teaching her the principles of fidelity and delayed gratification and whether she is willfully taught or not, she will learn by what she sees and first from the mother. Most of us while growing up, many of our mothers did not tell us about sex, puberty and boys, many times, we harped on pieces of information here and there which were largely wrong, it is therefore pertinent to set aside time to discuss these heavy topics or weave these discussions into your time with the girl child. Whatever you do, it is important for the child to see you as a resource she can turn to as well as have at her fingertips your expectations on every issue and the set family values in that regard. Frequent talks with her about how to make choices and the place of timing in choice making will keep her armed. Be ready also to discuss why sex is not just a physical act but a spiritual and emotional act with consequences designed by God only for marriage.

Preparing the girl child for the various roles life will assign her will make her fit and perform optimally in those roles and they include being a daughter, a sibling, a wife, a grandchild, a mother, a boss and a friend. These different roles require a certain level of responsibility, fortunately every mother should be functioning in more than one of those roles and can by her exemplary lifestyle model to the girl child how to navigate through these inevitable demands that will ultimately lead to her fulfilment.

ACQUISITION OF LIFESKILLS: A few skills will distinguish the girl child from her contemporaries and they include being courteous, being able to drive, being able to cook as many local and continental dishes as possible, being technologically adept amongst other skills. Lewis (2017) pointed out that social processes often have many functions. Manifest functions are the consequences of asocial process that are sought or anticipated while latent functions are the unsought processes of a social process. A manifest function of college education, for example, includes gaining knowledge, preparing for a career and finding a good job that utilizes that education. Latent functions of your college years include meeting new people, participating in extracurricular activities or even finding a partner and initiating or sustaining friendships, failing examinations, doing drugs and other vices Latent functions can be neutral, beneficial or detrimental and where detrimental, these dysfunctions are what make for the violence in society.

CONCLUSION
The main concern of the paperwas on curbing indiscipline in the family through Tupocracy. In other words, how the principles underlining Tupocracy can help to checkmate indiscipline in the family. In the discussion, the chapter took on two related issues: analysis the construct-variables of Tupocracy, and applying them to the inculcation of discipline in the family. Since the family is seen as the microcosm of the society, it was safe to argue that Tupocartic leadership at the family level will exert significant impact on the leadership at the community, state, and national levels.
The paper concludes with the argument that indiscipline thrives in Nigeria and will continue to grow because of the lack of existence of national values that can guide the moral compass of the citizens. It therefore calls for a vision that will embrace “transparency, accountability, probity, justice, equity, and fair play. These are Tupocratic principles that can checkmate the culture of corruption and embezzlement, and above all, enhance the emergence of leaders that can inspire and lead by example.

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TUPOCRACY
The concept of Tupocracy has an elaborate explanation in the work of Amaowoh (2010; 2018). The author traced the term, “tupocracy’,to two Greek words, tupos and cracy (krateia). While tuposrefers to example, manner, etc, cracy or kreteia, means power, government, and or rule. In joining the two words together, Amaowoh (2010) defined itas “a system of government involving people who lead by positive example”. The emphasis is on leaders with integrity, who raised followers on the principle of “do as I do” (Amaowoh, 2010, p.208). In this context, the expectation is that leadership style that is characterised with transparency, integrity, altruism, patriotism, and godly character, would create imitative mechanisms for followers to emulate, and in so doing exhibit behaviours similar to their mentors. Tuporacy, therefore, suggests the important of exemplary leadership in both social and political endeavours.
The main tenets of Tupocracy are derived from six moral principles. These include “transparency, accountability, probity, justice, equity, and fair play”(Amaowoh, 2010, p. 209). The argument of the Tupocrat is that exemplary leaders will raise followers with similar character, and in the course of time, the society will boost of leaders with high moral character. This argument suggests a good lesson on sowing and harvesting. A farmer who sowed cassava will surely harvest cassava (depending on the health nature of the stick). A farmer who sowed cassava and later claimed to have harvested yam, will likely be a thief; because it is difficult for casava root to turn into yam tubers. It is therefore not possible to sow hatred and discrimination in the minds of the citizens and expects to harvest love and fairness. Influenced by such line of argument, Achebe (1983) had observed that the problem of Nigeria is the problem of leadership. We may claimed to be led by democratic leaders; but what type? Democratic leadership is not enough, especially when the representatives are devoid of requisite moral qualifications. In Amaowoh’s (2010) analysis, democracy in Nigeria can only retain its universal acclaim of best socio-political culture and leadership, if it inculcates moral principles in governance as enshrined in Tupocracy. Inculcation of moral values is not taught in Democratic Institutes; but in basic institutions like the family, the churches, and Mosque.
The family is regarded as a major social institution and a locus of much of a person’s social activity. It thus functions as the basic unit which produces future generations and provide love and affection to the members. The concept of tupos in the family is therefore a sin qua non for sustainable leadership and development of any society.If the Leaderships at the family level (parents) are upright and morally sound, the society will become an amalgam of morally strong citizens, and the Biblical blessing of “righteousness exalts a nation” will not be difficult to realize. The problem of leadership is how to start with good upbringings at the family level,and impart strong moral values that family members will imbibe above deviant characters, even when peer group influence suggests otherwise. Action and deeds of family leaders exert great influence on responses from members most especially when such actions and deeds are good ones (Kandel, 1983). In this context, integrity plays a major role; as a leader who shows integrity gains his followers’ trust (Zentall, 2006).

THE TUPOCRATICTHEORY

Tupocracyis a term with six major construct concepts(Amaowoh, 2010, p. 209). The founding father of Tupocracy has provided elaborate discussion on the roles of tupocracy as solution to socio-political problems of leadership (Amaowoh, 2010; 2018);however, putting those discussions within a theory will help readers as well as researchers to understand Tupocracywith respect to the cause-and-effect construct involves; the relationship between the presumed cause and effect; relationship causal (rival explanations of the observed effects), and relationship across persons, settings, and times. Given this understanding, the concern of this sub-theme is to present the focal constructs and specify how the constructs relates to its measures; and in so doing, the understanding of the study’s hypotheses will be enhanced.
Constructs, variables, hypotheses, propositions, are the building blocks of theory. It is not possible therefore to build a theory of Tupocracy until proper construct definitions are rendered. The construct definitions provide meanings of each of the construct variables. It helps to show, for instance, how construct A is related to construct B. As Cook and Campbell (1979) argued, when a construct is poorly defined (ornot defined at all), there is a tendency for its meaning to bestretched in a slightly different conceptual direction, and may affect the test of hypotheses.
According to Amaowoh (2010, p. 209), six moral principles, including “transparency, accountability, probity, justice, equity, and fair play” serve as constructs for the measurement of Tupocaracy. In Figure one, attempt is made to present the major constructs of the theory with variables as indicators of each of the constructs. While the major constructs collectively explain the components of Tupocracy, the variables explain the characteristics of each of the construct using the arrow. It should be noted that some of the variables are a bit abstractive and will require further operationalization to objectify them. In the analysis offered by Amaowoh (2010), the moral values which explain integrity as encapsulated in the Tupocracy constructs tend to share characteristics. For instance, a transparent leader is said to be honest, credible, and trustworthy. The variable of honesty is also shown in accountability, probity, and Justice.
Atransparent leader is one that invites trust by revealing that he or she has nothing to hide. The trust is sustained by his or her degree of honesty, and he or she is seen as credible in the eyes of the followers. When leaders build on transparency and trust, they will typically overcome challenges that will arise in future, because trust among the citizens strengthen cooperation and social capital (Heyes,2002). On the other hand, accountability is defined to include accepting responsibility and admitting ones error. A leader who exhibits accountability is also known by the variables of transparency.
The variables associated with probity are honesty, honour, and integrity. While honesty implies arefusal to lie or deceive in any way, honour suggests an active or anxious regard for standards; the quality of knowing and doing what is morally right. Integrity implies trustworthiness and incorruptibility to a degree that one is incapable of being false to a trust. Responsibility, becomes his or her watch words. Integrity, as a leadership construct, was the single moral qualification that President Mohammadu Buhari claimed to have; and used it to ride to power in 2015. Barring any other proof, the war against indiscipline he embarked upon with Tunde Idiagbon (1943 -1999), his deputy, during his military dictatorship (1983-1984), gave him the label of a leader with integrity, and attracted Nigerians to him.
Another defining construct in Tupocracy is the concept of justice. The concept is identified by being just, lawful, mindful of doing the right things, and equitable. Justice share common characteristics with equity- the act of being fair and impartial. The concept of equality can be easily defined by freedom from being bias and favouritism. When a leader who was democratically elected resorted to the practice of nepotism, then such a leader cannot be counted among Tupocratic leaders. In terms of the construct of fair-play, emphasis will be on respect, friendship, tolerance, care, and equity. Such building blocks of Tupocracy are also used in the definition of the concept of integrity (Horwitz,2005). In the argument of Amaowoh (2010), a Tupocrats is not only known in the possession of these qualities, but also, and most importantly, in ability to teach the followers (citizens, family members, political followers), good values; and model them in life (Ikoh, 2018). Modelling is very important because even when leaders must have explained and teach these moral values, the followers will only pick up the ones that the leaders have put to practice through their own behaviours.

INTRODUCTION

The Sociological literature is rich with empirical opinion of the role of the family in the socialization of children. The family is the microcosm of the society; a collective of them is what constitute a society. As the first institution where children are raised, the quality of family members determine to a large extent the quality of the society members. Such quality is influenced by the kind of socialization that family members received from family leaders. In the observation of Bandura and Walter (1964), the family providestwo important processes for the socialization of the children: direct tuition, or instrumental training, and imitation. In both of these processes, the children acquire attitude, values and patterns of social behaviour.
In the course of the direct or instrumental training, parents and other socializing agents are relatively explicit about what they wish their children to learn, and therefore attempt to shape their behaviours through rewarding and punishment. On the other hand, the process of imitation revealed that children acquire their personality patterns through active imitation of parental attitude and behaviour (based on the ‘do as I do dictum), most of which the parents never directly attempted to teach. Depending on the quality of the “do as I do” example, community members are produced, as well as future leaders in the society.
The nexus between the direct tuition or instrumental training and imitation can be demonstrated; for example, when a parent punishes a child physically (like drawing his ears) for insulting an elderly family member. The intended outcome of such instrumental training is to make sure that the child keeps the norms of the family: that of respecting elders. In this context, the parents’ duty is to see to it that the child learn and behave appropriately and responsibly. However, the child is also learning in the process when and how to apply physically punishment. Such imitative learning may inform the child’s pattern of behaviour in subsequent social interaction. The discipline may have seemed unpleasant to him or her at the first time; however, it later produces some gains. As the Bible rightly pointed out, there is “a harvest of righteousness and peace for those who have been trained by it” (Hebrew, 12, vrs.11).The parental discipline, which initially caused “short term pain” is capable of producing “long term gain” as the child involved is now known to have appropriate socially acceptable behaviours.It is common observation during ‘role-play’ to see children reproducing parental role-behaviour, including ways and manners, as well as voice intonation and attitude; sometimes to either admiration or embarrassment of their parents.
The understanding of the nexus between the two processes of socialization suggests that imitation is not just a simple reproduction of what one sees; it incorporates reinforcement learning (Bruno, 2001). When children imitate a certain type of behaviour or action and the consequences are rewarding, the children are likely to continue performing the same behaviour or action. In this context, the behaviour has been reinforced or strengthened. However, if the imitation is not accepted and approved by the parents and or significant others, the behaviour will be weakened. Herein lies the importance of the family as an institution that influence character and moral formations, as well as values. And this is largely achieved through the enforcement of discipline.
Discipline is always pointing toward future acts; the purpose is to train for correction and maturity. In this context, acquisition of values and lasting beliefs or ideals about what is good, bad, desirable or undesirable becomes important. Since values are developed early in life, it means the family and parents play the central role. They exert a major influence on a child’s behaviour and attitude, which serveas broad guidelines in all situations.In their work on Tupocracy,Amaowoh and Chinwokwu (2018) observed that actions and deeds of leaders (whether as parents, family heads, community heads,political leaders, etc) exert significant influence on member and /or followers, and can drive great responses from them, especially when such actions are good ones. This suggests that followers and observers of actions and deeds of their leaders are capable of either recreating or imitating them, thus encompassing the same behavioural phenomenon. In this respect, many scholars have provided analyses on family organization, values, and socialization (Santrock,1996; Yunus, Fatima, Haktan, 2012; Lucifora& Meurs, 2012; Stacey, Raj &Vaishali,2013).
A number of recent studies have provided analysis on the role of the family in the socialization of members(Roostin, 2018), including empirical researches on parenting styles and discipline (Grusec& Kuczynski, 1980; Kochanska,1991).What has been less analysed is how indiscipline in the family can be curbed through the exemplary leadership of family leaders and parents; recognizing the fact that what affect the family will eventually affect the society at large, and vice-versa.Leadership by example suggests a model deserving honour, respect and admiration that can be imitated. In the context of Tupocracy, exemplary life will consist of high moral values, transparency, accountability, probity, justice, equity, and fair play.Given that families have different types of parenting styles, it seems interesting to inquire into the extent to which family members imitate the actions and deeds of their parents and / or leaders, and the extent to which exemplary lifestyle of the parentscan exert discipline on members.
The chapter is structured into themes. Following this introduction is the conceptual explanation and literature. In order to properly contextualise the discussion, an attempt is made to formulate the Tupocratictheory by way of explaining its building blocks and identification of the variables. This becomes necessary since only the identification of the variables can enhance the discussion on the tupocracy-discipline nexus and disciplinary outcomes. In addition to this, the paper discusses the causes of indiscipline in the family, and the consequences on the larger society. The concluding theme is on curbing indiscipline through tupocracy.
CONCEPTUAL EXPLANATION AND LITERATURE
INDISCIPLINE
The word, indiscipline, is the antonym of ‘discipline’, which has a common etymology traced to the Latin word, Disciplinus. The Longman Dictionary of the English Language gives the meaning of indiscipline as: (i) lack of discipline,and (ii) state of disorder because of lack of control. From this understanding, indiscipline can be regarded as non-adherence to rules, regulations, norms and order of the society. Following this context, McConville(2003) defined indiscipline as disorder. Elsewhere, disorder is regarded as a tendency or an act to upset the natural order of or disturb the existing order or norms (Lewis, 1997). Indiscipline is a symptom of value degradation; and when this happened, values are dishonoured and social life is bound to experience unexpected problem (Ikoh, 2018).
Unfortunately, indiscipline is a household name in Nigeria. This is inspite of the efforts of many social movements and institutions established to checkmate it. For instance, in 1981, the Shehu Shagari administration started the Ethical Revolution, which made little or no impact on indiscipline. When Mohammadu Buhari successfully launched a military coup that deposed Shehu Shagari in December 1993, a full scale war against indiscipline (WAI) was initiated for the purpose of mobilisation and corrective response to social maladjustment. Although the WAI programme had structures in all the states of the federation, including a WAI Brigade, the military government of Babangida (1985 – 1993) that replaced Buhari administration did very little to sustain the programme. The National Orientation Agency (NOA) that embarked on massive mobilisation to conscientize Nigerians with ethical principles, through its periodic “letter to my countrymen and women” written by the then Communication Minister, could not realize it objective. Indiscipline had become institutionalised in the country by the time General Babangida stepped aside in 1993. The conducts of the government and its officials were contrary to what they preached to Nigerians. Attempted to resuscitate the WAI programme by Sani Abacha (1993 – 1998) yielded no impact. Even when he had added another component, war against corruption, the emerging WAI&C programme only succeeded in spreading the rhetoric of “do as I say; not as I do” message. The Abacha presidency was indiscipline personified, and created lootocrats who had no moral norms of decency. The president demonstrated much of the looting by himself, such that many years after his death, the country is still recovering the money he stole from the national treasury. Such leadership style is not without consequences. It created followers who imitate him as a leaders, and enthrone a socio-political system conducive for corruption, as well as crime of all persuasions.As Oden (2000 argued in Amaowoh (2018, p.117), “when a man becomes famous (a head of state for that matter), and is known to many, his misdeeds will inflict a common injury to all”. In Nigeria, indiscipline has tended to remain a national albatross that is found in both private and public organizations.
THE FAMILY
The term, family, has been given special attention by both socio-economic and religious scholars (Kandel, 1983). However, it exact definition has received tinkering by many scholars in what Eleanor (1992)referred to as ‘objective and subjective definition’. The key components of an objective definition is that it specifies (and restricts) who is (and who is not) in a person's family. For instance, Roostin (2018), defined the family as a social group consisting of two or more people who have blood ties, marriage, or adoption.The important of this definition is that it has included what Anthropologists referred to as genealogical relationship, which is explained by blood ties (affinal and consanguineal). However, many other scholars believed that such definition sees the family objectively, and that subjective definition exist. The subjective approach allows people to make their own decisions about who is in their families.In this context, family members are not necessarily related by blood, marriage, or adoption. In contemporary time, many partners are cohabiting, and are considering themselves to be family. Similarly, manypeople consider their best friends to be family members.
Among the Ibibios, for instance, friendship (Amah), is given some designations: Amah UbökMkpö (right-hand friend), Amah Akȃpkpa (embracive friend), and Nkaña Amah or Ufan (just a friend). The Amah UbökMkpöis regarded as intimate and trusted friend, who sometimes, have taken blood oath (uta iyip) for lasting relationship. The blood oath is believed to cement the relationship between them to the extent that none can harm or contemplate harm against the other. The Amah UbökMkpö is very important that if any of them kills an animal, he must give the right hand side to the friend. The emphasis of subjective definition, therefore, is not on the family staying together, but on the existence of family networks (consisting of a supportive and caring groups of friends) to which members communicate, share secrets; and are emotionally close. They exchange assistance, and are available as potential help givers in times of need(Yunus, Fatima, & Haktan, (2012). This, perhaps explains the concept of the Christian family, the Moslem family, and extended family as in lineage traced to putative ancestors.
In the observation of the Parenting in Africa Network (PAN, 2016), relying on objective definitions has led researchers to over-identify the home as the site of a person's most meaningful family relationships and to give insufficient attention to relationships and interactions with family members outside the home.However, in whatever way the family is viewed, our concern here is to see the family as the first unit and the first institution in the society where the relationships contained in it are mostly direct relationships, where individuals develop early stages of the socialization process, and through individual interaction acquire their knowledge, skills, interests, values, emotions and attitudes in life.As Grusec and Kuczynski (1980) would argue, building strong families is a self-preservation strategy for any rational and sane society. An enlightened society is one which supports all of its members in reaching their full potential as human beings.
The family remains the first institution responsible for the training and survival of the children. In this context, the family serves as agent of socialization, which enablesthe children to find their identity, as well as imbibe their culture and values. In Stacey, Raj and Vaishali’s (2013) analysis, socialization enables children to develop emotional attachment to parentalfigures, and/or “the significant others,” and a belief in themoral order underlying conventional bonds. As an ongoing process, socialization enhances social interaction through which the children become functional members of their immediate community, and by extension, the larger society (Eleanor, 1992). Functionality, here, is influenced by a broader socio-cultural context. This is because the goals of socialization and parenting practices used to accomplish these goals vary across families, and parents,as well as family leaders,who play influential role in theprocess.The role variation, notwithstanding, tupocracy places emphasis on parental leadership and practices that would influenced successful childhood socialization.
The argument of family scholars is that family members are expected to engage in bothconventional and unconventional behaviours depending on the parental leadership and / or significant others (Smith & Stephen, 1976; Kandel, 1983; Sampson & Groves, 1989; Peterson, Lauren &Kriyo, 2010). In this context, indiscipline, as shown in deviance, anti-social and criminal behaviours, would be attributed to failures in conventional bounding by the family, religious organizations, and other institutions whose functions are to socialise young ones to norms, moral values and societally acceptable behaviours. As Sutherland (2004) would argue, a person becomes a violator of the societal norms and laws when he or she has excess of definitions favourable to the violation of norms and laws over definitions unfavourable to the violation of norms and laws. The assumption here is that individuals become indiscipline because their socialization to behaviours favourable to violation of norms and laws exceed their socialization to behaviours and practices unfavourable to violation of norms and laws.Good parental socializationwould result in parental attachments that influence thedevelopment of the child’s conscience and feeling of guilt, such that even while with their peers, when the parents are not there, the ethical norms he or she was exposed to at home still influence his or her actions and deeds (Wiatrowsk,Griswold, & Robert, 1981).

Conclusion
From the foregoing discussion on the issue of curbing indiscipline and corruption in the Nigeria Judicial System through tupocracy, it is concluded that corruption is a critical problem for good governance in Nigeria as it reflects a crisis in the functioning of the public sector and as such should be a priority for government leadership to control. But as long as Nigeria does not have the best at its leadership positions, and as long as leaders are not willing to adhere to the ethical demands of their leadership positions, the Nation‘s effort at curbing indiscipline and corruption may, at best, remain an illusion. Indeed, effective fight against indiscipline and corruption in the Nigerian Judicial System requires a good and exemplary leadership with a strong will to fight corruption and with such high level of ethical and moral standards to be able to motivate and influence the citizens to voluntarily follow in the fight against corruption. In essence, the inability of the Nation to curb corruption underscores the poverty of good leadership in Nigeria. The effective way to curb corruption is, therefore, for the leadership to eschew corruption itself. In this way, it will have the stronger justification and moral right to effectively fight corruption down to the grassroots.
Indeed, effective fight against corruption in Nigeria requires leaderships with apparent display of commitment, personal sacrifice, exemplary lifestyle and a personal show of integrity and honesty. The efforts of such leaderships at fighting corruption should be beyond ordinary formulation and making of laws, policies or pronouncements, and extend to visible and concrete show of exemplary lives of , integrity and transparency. It is in fact, in the hope and possibility of such leaderships emerging that Nigeria should have reason to remain optimistic about the future of Nigeria with particular reference to effectively controlling or curbing corruption.
In a situation when there’s a problem, there would surely be a solution to solve these problems. Corruption in Judiciary can be eradicated totally by ensuring the independence of the Judiciary which involved the issue of the selection of judges, the security of tenure, promotion, financial and administrative autonomy, and safeguards against interference through manipulation of budgets meant for organs of the Judicial Arm of government. The appointment of the Judicial Personnel by the executive and approval by the senate as enshrined in the 1999 constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria should be amended; if the Judicial Arm of government is not independent, there’s no way we can combat judicial corruption in the country.
Investigative Journalists have a vital role to play by going undercover to expose the corrupt judicial officers in the country. If the names of these corrupt judicial personnel are published on national dailies, it would serve as a deterrent to others who have the intention to engage in such corrupt practices which include: bribery, trading in influence, gift receiving, fraud, greasing, blackmailing, preferential treatment, nepotism, embezzlement e.t.c.
Judges, court personnel and lawyers leading by example should be subjected to disciplinary action under the code of conduct which will have binding force and strict implementation and should be punished like anyone else under the same law. Even though, immunity for the official act is absolutely necessary to prevent frivolous charges and suits against judicial officers who perform their function in good faith and without any form
of corrupt practices. Judicial officers should refrain from membership of political parties to avoid being pressurized to favor politicians for private or group gains. Judges should be apolitical and there should be an effective monitoring body to ensure the effectiveness of this body.
The judiciary also has its own function to play in combating corruption within themselves by finding the courage to remove itself from bad notion of the public that judicial personnel are corrupt by objectively prosecuting mischievous judicial officers who are charged or otherwise found to have engaged in one form of indiscretions or the other, particularly corrupt acts. The National Judicial Council should be more provident by adhering to the prerequisites of in-depth scrutiny of proposed candidates for nomination and appointment, in addition, to stand firmly to investigate and discipline the corrupt judicial officers. There is a need to review from time to time the tenure of the members of the National Judicial Council and should be headed by a retired judicial officer for the purpose of guaranteeing firmness in the performance of their duties.
The Code of Conduct Bureau should ensure total compliance by judicial officers with the requirement of compulsory declaration of assets to enable security agencies to take bearing and be properly guided if and when there is need to investigate these judicial officers. Anti-corruption strategies should be effectively implemented and at the same time should not be used as machinery to indict judicial officers in order to achieve any negative gain.
Judicial officers including their administrative staff should be adequately remunerated via an enhanced pay structure to reduce the craving for money and other forms of gratification which has become the bane of the judiciary.
The Executive and Legislative arms of government should comply with the requirements of checks and balances in the polity as an integral requirement of a democratic government that is practicing true federalism to reduce the prevalence of corruption within the Nigerian judicial system.

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Addressing Undue Political Pressure on Judicial Personnel
Following the discussion on undue political influence above, measures aimed at reducing political influence on the selection and appointment of judges can be distinguished on judges’ tenure; and through budgets and finances. In addition, there are efforts to strengthen judges’ resistance to pressure by enhancing their competence and strengthening professional norms. It should be noted, however, that this is a controversial terrain and part of a much broader discussion about how politically unfettered unelected judges should be and how to check abuse of judicial power.
Reducing political and particularly executive influence on judicial selection has been the focus of much attention. Recommendations run along three lines: increase the number of actors (veto-players) involved in the selection process; establish clear criteria; and increase the transparency of the process. Following these principles, most countries now have a (more or less) independent body – a judicial council or judicial service commission – tasked with vetting and nominating candidates for judicial offices. Their composition varies, some consist mainly of representatives from within the legal profession, others have a majority of politicians or are appointed by the executive, yet others have representation from civil society. The understanding is that to reduce executive influence, political appointees should not be in majority. Equally important is how the process is conducted and the degree of transparency. With vetting and nominations behind closed doors (sometimes not even the final list is public), the scope for executive influence is significant. More transparent processes, with open calls for nominations/applications, open hearings, public interviews of candidates, and open ranking lists, reduce the scope for undue executive influence. Clear and relatively demanding selection criteria reduces the pool of qualified candidates and makes political appointments more difficult, particularly in developing countries with a limited legal profession. Once nominations are made, the appointing body should be limited to select among the nominated candidates, not (as happens) have a free choice also outside the vetted nominees. Most countries also have different bodies involved in the actual selection, for example appointment by the executive and ratification by the legislature. Where the ruling party has a legislative majority, confirmation may have little effect, however, and special procedures and majority requirements are needed for an effective check.
Minimizing political influence on judges’ tenure and conditions is arguably even more important. Once a judge is in place, who appointed him or her is less important than who holds the key to a future career and wellbeing. It is thus crucial to minimize the executive’s ability to influence judges’ tenure and conditions. Judges should thus be appointed for life, or for long non-renewable terms, and conditions of service should be constitutionally guaranteed, with strictly defined impeachment criteria and procedures.
Eliminating undue influence on judicial budgets and administration. Administrative autonomy and budget independence for the judiciary prevent the executive from ‘starving’ the judiciary – or rewarding judges when important decisions are pending. Such problems are avoided where the judiciary receives a guaranteed share of the national budget. A related issue concerns the jurisdiction of the courts.
Increasing resilience by strengthening judges’ competence and professional norms has been an important area of reform. Unlike most of the measures discussed earlier, this does not depend on new legislation or cooperation from the political authorities. Training and resources that make judges more professionally secure and skilled, reduces risks of submitting to pressure. By creating forums within each country, as well as regionally and globally – where judges meet, share experiences, give support and exchange recognition, professional norms develop and reputations matter more.
This raises the ‘reputational costs’ of succumbing to undue influence and may contribute towards a stronger sense of social purpose. It may also create material incentives, if judicial integrity and professional competence are seen as factors in appointments to attractive positions – including to international courts.
Curbing Indiscipline and corruption through Tupocracy
The effects of indiscipline and corruption on economic and socio political development of any nation are multifaceted. For instance, corruption hinders development as it results in misdirection of resources or investment to less socially desirable ventures. In this case, investment may be channeled into sectors not for economic benefits because the major consideration may be kick backs it would attract or for some other selfish considerations. By extension, corruption results to waste and misplaced priority in spending public fund. Corruption equally wastes skills and discourages hard work, honesty, sincerity and valuable economic activities.
Leadership in this article refers to the occupation of important position in the formal polity or government administration. Most discussions on leadership have focused essentially on identifying and discussing what a leader should be, who a leader should be, the role of a leader in positively shaping and influencing the course of events in the society, the role of a leader in bringing about economic and socio-political development of the state and in developing policies and programmes and taking actions to solve given societal problems as they may exist at given points in time. In essence, writers on leadership has laid much emphasis on identifying and discussing some ideal characteristics or attitudes that are needed in people in leadership positions that would ensure good governance and effective effort at nation building and development. Basic among the attributes that have been identified as necessary for good leadership include the facts that a leader must lead through personal example , a leader must encourage the rule of law and a leader must ensure institutional checks and balances.
Even though there are arguments that ordinary Nigerian citizens have a role to play in curbing corruption, our argument in this work is that the effectiveness of any fight against corruption can be meaningfully and substantially enhanced where there is good and exemplary leadership with its corollary good governance. In essence, good leadership is very imperative to successfully tackle the issue of corruption or even any other social, political or economic problem for that matter.
Fundamentally, every society needs good leadership to move forward and progress. In essence, for the growth and development of any nation to be realized, it must have the best in its leadership positions as such can only bring about good governance. Indeed, the quality and style of leadership plays key role in the extent to which government of any nation can solve societal problems. Curbing corruption in Nigeria has been very difficult because the dominant leadership style in Nigeria, either at national, state or local government levels, has been the instrumental or selfish type that is mainly concerned about their well being and that of their cronies to the neglect of the welfare of the ordinary citizens and national growth. In fact it has been such selfish type that dwells much on looting of the government treasury and misappropriation of public fund. Leaders in Nigeria enjoy very high estacodes and allowances and roam about in convoys of dozens of state-of-the-art cars and generally revel in ostentation and abundance.
Very unfortunately, corruption among Nigerian leaders creates or induces corrupt tendencies in the minds of the ordinary citizens. As well, the profligacy of Nigerian leaders may deter the ordinary citizens from developing the sympathy and patriotism to support or champion the efforts of the leadership towards curbing corruption. The common citizens in the circumstance of the pervasive corruption at the leadership levels rather seek every means, legal or illegal, to make his own wealth.
It is worthy to note that all the various leaderships in Nigeria, since independence, made efforts at curbing Indiscipline and corruption but very unfortunately corruption had continued to soar by the day. This is attributable to the fact that those in leadership positions and who initiate the efforts at curbing corruption are immersed in corruption themselves.
Virtually all the past leaders in Nigeria have vacated office much richer than they were before they went into leadership positions. And Nigerians, from this, have learnt over the years that their leaders lack modicum of integrity, honesty and transparency. This perception makes the fight against corruption complex and difficult. Indeed, corrupt leadership cannot genuinely and effectively, fight corruption. In essence, there are errors in the character of Nigerian leadership that has made the fight against corruption ineffective. Leaders in Nigeria are of the instrumental type and who lack the desired quality of leading by personal examples that is required for effective curbing of corruption.
Further to the above is that Nigerians as led by corrupt leadership have little chance of becoming virtuous citizens. This is because bad leaders hardly produce good, law abiding and patriotic citizens or followers as citizens are more often than not, motivated to do good and to be patriotic through the good exemplary lives of honesty and integrity of their leaders. The experience in Nigeria since its existence as a sovereign nation is top down direction of corruption. And the scale, manner and impunity of the ordinary citizens, corruption is directly linked to the scale, manner and impunity of the leadership corruption.
Normally, leaders should serve as role models and, in which case, their life styles, values and principles need to be such that they are worthy of emulation by the citizens . Indeed, exemplary leadership is required in getting the voluntary co-operation and loyalty of the citizens towards required action by the government. In essence, in solving any given societal problem, leaders are expected to mobilize support and create motivation among the citizens to support polices and action adopted to solve them. This motivation can easily and successfully be gotten through exemplary deeds of the leaders. Indeed, when leaders in Nigeria, serve as role models, they will have the chances of successfully evoking the highest level of commitment from the citizens towards the fight against corruption. The basic problem of Nigeria is the unwillingness or inability of its Leaders to rise to the responsibility and the challenge of personal examples which are the hall marks of true leadership. One outstanding exemplary selfless act by a leader at the top such as unambiguous refusal to be corrupt or tolerate corruption at the fountain of leadership will radiate powerful sensation among the citizens towards eschewing corruption. If such exemplary acts become a regular occurrence or culture within the leadership circles at the nation‘s various social political structures, then the common citizens may not need sermons on patriotism nor a special agency or commission to preach against corruption. Certainly, if the leadership is seem to allow the common wealth to be used for general public welfare and benefit; it will reduce the motivation for corruption.
One bad thing about the corruption among the leaders is that their immunity from censure makes the leaders the envy of the ordinary citizens who, unfortunately again, turn them into role models and imitate their acts of corruption. It is the explosion of such corrupt actions among our leaders and the tendency for the ordinary citizens to copy such that brings the whole nation under a climate of corruption and has, as well, made it difficult for corruption to be controlled or curbed.
Very unfortunately, there is a vicious relationship between bad leadership and corruption. This is because bad leadership breads corruption and corruption breeds bad leadership. In essence, bad leadership causes and is, as well, a consequence of corruption. For instance, in a situation of bad leadership, there are always cases of electoral corruption which enhances the possibility of bad leadership being re-elected or elected. This bad leadership, in subsequent elections, supports and perpetrates electoral fraud or corruption that enhances the possibility of electing bad leaders and the circle continues. It has been observed that in Nigeria, and following electoral corruption, victory in an election is no more linked to the ability to lead well. Neither is re-election of political leaders linked to their previous performance. Indeed, political leadership, particularly of the ruling political party in Nigeria, through corrupt manipulation of the state agencies like the electoral commission, the police and the judiciary, has ensured that candidates of their choice, even if unacceptable by the electorates, win in an election. One can imagine the type of leadership that such manipulated electoral process can produce. In fact, it may be mere illusion for somebody to believe that the 2015 general elections and subsequent ones will produce any credible political leadership in the context of the pervasive electoral corruption.
Summarily, corruption in Nigeria appears intractable in the context of bad or poor leadership lacking in exemplary life styles. What Nigeria needs to effectively fight corruption is leadership that would be prepared to lead by good personal examples, that is willing to identify and apply good societal values to leadership and governance, that is willing and able to abhor materialism and greed, that is willing to submit its desires and actions to restraints of orderly conduct and rule of law in recognition of the rights of the citizens to enjoy peace, equity and justice. Indeed, the fight against corruption cannot be effectively initiated or championed by leaders whose moral turpitude leaves much to be desired and cannot easily earn public confidence.
The Way Forward
There is the need for integrity and honesty among Nigerian leaders as such qualities would enhance or engender responsible and patriotic follower ship. Nigerian leaders need to live by the highest standards of honesty and integrity. If this becomes the case, the citizen will become inclined to developing patriotic spirits and, consequently, feel obliged to adhere to leadership calls to avoid corrupt practices.
Leaders in Nigeria should show exemplary life style and follow it up with radical programmes of social and political reorganization and consistent agenda of reform. It is pretty difficult for corrupt leaders to genuinely initiate policies and actually fight corruption. Indeed, to effectively fight corruption, the creed for leaders in Nigeria should be do as I do and not just as I say.
Succeeding leaderships should have the will to scrutinize and investigate the activities of their predecessors and to prosecute them conclusively if found to have been involved in corrupt activities. Effective and serious effort at fighting corruption in Nigeria should start by effective prosecution of corrupt past leaders. This is necessary because it appears that it is the unwillingness and inability of succeeding regimes to probe the corrupt activities of their predecessors that make it difficult for the citizens to see government leadership efforts to fight corruption in Nigeria as genuine.
Moreover, there is the need for the leadership of any government to enthrone and ensure the observance of the principle of checks and balances. Checks and balances is a corollary to the theory of separation of powers because it emphasis one arm of government being a watch dog over the other arm, each having been assigned its specific function according to the principles of separation of power . Indeed, the existence of institutional checks and balances moderates the use of power associated with leadership position. This is necessary because as Lord Acton notes, power corrupts and absolute power corrupts absolutely.
Again, there is the need for the leadership itself to adhere to the principles of the rule of law which describes the idea that the law of the state is supreme and should not offer any special protection to any citizen either at the followership or leadership level. Here, the issue of immunity clause as entrenched in section 308 of the 1999 constitution may need not to apply if the anti-graft war is to be effective in Nigeria.
In addition, government leadership need to establish special courts for trying corruption cases as a means of speeding up the trial of cases and reducing the effect of massive corruption in the judiciary. Such courts with special rules will fast track the trial of corruption cases in a manner that both low and high profile cases will not last more than a year before it is determined.
Finally, Nigeria needs national leadership rooted in constitutionalism and proper democratic practice and that is willing to develop strong institutions in preference to strong rulers.

Courts, corruption and judicial independence
A well-functioning justice system is crucial to address corruption effectively, which in turn is important for development. But judicial institutions are themselves corruptible. Experiences with and perceptions of corruption in the courts are widespread.
Corruption and perceptions of corruption in the judiciary not only undermines the courts’ credibility as corruption fighters. More generally, it erodes trust in the courts’ impartiality, harming all the core judicial functions, such as dispute resolution, law enforcement, protection of property rights and contract enforcement. In addition, it harms the broader accountability function that the judiciary is entrusted with in democratic systems – upholding citizens’ rights, securing the integrity of the political rules of the game, and sanctioning representatives of other branches when they act in contravention of the law. While there is broad consensus that corruption in the court system is destructive and should be addressed, there are particular challenges involved in fighting judicial corruption. Anti-corruption efforts may jeopardize the independence of the judiciary and thus undermine judges’ ability to fulfill their accountability functions. In fact, limiting judicial independence may be the real motive behind such measures. So while we should care about corruption in the court system, we should also keep in mind that corruption charges and measures against judicial corruption may serve as a way to rein in bothersome judges.
Implications of indiscipline and corruption for judicial Independence
Corruption is commonly defined as the misuse of public office or entrusted power for private gain. When judicial system corruption, is discussed, the paradigmatic image is that of judges taking bribes. Judicial indiscipline and corruption is a lot more, however. It includes all forms of inappropriate influence that may damage the impartiality of justice, and may involve any actor within the justice system, including lawyers and administrative support staff. The question of corruption is not only a matter of relations between judicial personnel and ‘court users’ (public and private parties in civil cases, prosecutors and accused in criminal cases); it is also about internal relations in the judiciary. The ‘gain’ need not be material. It can also be sexual favours, or the offered ‘furtherance of political or professional ambitions’ and may also take the form of avoiding something undesired, in the form of threats. Biased decision-making is thus not only a matter of the personal integrity of judicial personnel, but concerns the structural protection of judicial independence and the insulation of judicial decision-makers from illegitimate political and hierarchical influence.
Bribery
Systemic petty corruption or bribery in the judicial system is a problem in many developing countries as well as in more developed economies. Bribes offered by users of the legal system may take many forms, including illegal ‘fees’ that court personnel levy to do what they should do anyway. Court users pay just to get their case through the system, to influence the outcome of a given case, or to delay it. Bribes may be paid to the judge, or to assistant staff or lawyers to remove files or get the case assigned to a particular judge. Where petty corruption is prevalent it creates an additional barrier for ordinary citizens to access the justice system. For poor people the sums involved may be prohibitive. Even where it does not directly affect case outcomes (and even more so when it does), bribery adds to the class bias of the justice system and strengthens exclusionary patterns based on gender, race, ethnicity, caste and so on. Widespread bribery also erodes trust in the courts and distorts their ability to perform their functions as impartial arbiters of disputes, guarantors of contracts and enforcers of the law. Bribery is not only a problem in formal judicial institutions, but commonly also in alternative administrative and judicial institutions (variably termed informal, traditional, customary, community, or nonstate) that most people in the developing world turn to for lack of access to or trust in the formal justice system. The share of respondents who report having experienced bribery when being in contact with the judiciary is alarming. Still, a much higher percentage perceives their judiciary to be corrupt. Media reports of high-profile corruption scandals and allegations of political bias among judges contribute to shaping citizens’ perceptions of indiscipline and corruption.
Undue Political Influence
Judges’ political bias and people’s perceptions of indiscipline and corruption undermine the role of the judiciary as protector of citizens’ rights vis-à-vis the state in its various manifestations. It leaves ordinary people without effective recourse to justice when the state is the offending party, and with scant protection when the state presses charges. The political bias is not necessarily consistent across all types of cases. It tends to tick in when the stakes are high, such as when the executive or other power-holders feel their position threatened. It is thus particularly damaging for the courts’ political accountability function, their ability to impartially enforce the rules of the political system, for example in relation to election fraud.
Illegitimate political influence on judges take different forms, some are clearly illegal, while other forms of undue influence stem from the ways in which relations between the judiciary and other arms of government are organized, or reflect a legal culture where judges are expected to defer to political authorities. Structural sources of political bias in the judiciary are related to procedures for appointment of judges and judicial leadership; terms and conditions of tenure for judges; and budgetary and financial regulations, including salaries and benefits.
Judicial appointments
Where the government is perceived to appoint deferential judges – or friends – to the bench, it damages trust in the judiciary, regardless of whether the judges are in fact biased in their rulings. In many countries the executive (is widely perceived to) decisively influence who are appointed as judges – even when there are rules and institutions in place to prevent this from happening. Judicial service commissions or other bodies designated a role in nominations, are often effectively circumvented – or themselves ‘packed’ and politically biased. Rules of ratification or confirmation by parliament have often limited effect, particularly in dominant party contexts.
Terms and conditions of tenure
Where judges are appointed for limited terms, and particularly where the terms of service are renewable and short, judges have an incentive to rule with an eye on the interests and preferences of those for whom they depend for reappointment or new employment after they finish their judicial tenure. The same is true where judges’ promotion/demotion depend on being favoured by their superiors, and where the security of tenure in practice is weak. Formal rules to protect tenure may not be sufficient to allay judges’ fears if experience show that they in practice risk losing their seat if they fall out of favour with the government, or when administrations change.
Regulation of finances, including of salaries and benefits
Control over the purse strings gives many governments a stronghold – if not a stranglehold – over the courts, by enabling them to strategically regulate not only judges’ salaries and benefits, but also the running costs of the judiciary. This may lead to perceptions of bias.
Undue Influence via the Internal Judicial Hierarchy
In many cases, undue influence on judicial rulings comes not from politicians directly, but via the judicial hierarchy. Such influence may be the result of direct pressure from superiors; more subtle incentives based on judges’ anticipation that a ‘wrong’ decision in an important case could have career consequences; or selective allocation or cases to judges who are likely to rule in a particular manner. Besides, internal procedures can be misused to limit individual judges’ ability to voice criticism, for example by refusing dissenting judgments. Hence, where the judicial leadership – and in particular the chief justice – is close to the sitting regime, this can taint the entire judiciary. Even where judicial appointments are otherwise effectively regulated in ways that place them beyond executive influence, the executive often has a much stronger say over the appointment of the Chief Justice.
Addressing Indiscipline and Corruption in the Judiciary
Given that indiscipline and corruption in the judicial system is a problem in most countries, there is a need for systems to uncover irregularities, and discipline and dismiss corrupt officers. If misused, however, anticorruption strategies become very effective tools for undermining judicial independence by ridding the judiciary of independent-minded judges that the authorities find bothersome, and scare others from following in their tracks.
As described, judicial system corruption is a diverse phenomenon and requires a range of responses. The individual bribe or petty corruption, which is only one part of the problem, needs systemic responses whereby judges are made more accountable to the rules. Corruption stemming from undue political influence may, on the other hand, require reforms that make judges less accountable to the rulers, for example by weakening the mechanisms that political power-holders (and the judicial hierarchy) can use to influence judges’ rulings. In either case, solutions must be developed based on deep knowledge of the particular society and informed by the broader normative, socio-political and economic context.
A large number of public institutions, donor agencies and independent organizations are engaged in developing strategies for advancing judicial integrity. Setting common standards and fostering professional communities where these are not only known, but also matter for peer recognition has been one aspect of this.
Petty corruption and bribery has generally been addressed along four lines, the first two seek to reduce the motivation to engage in corruption, the third seeks to reduce opportunities to do so, and the fourth seeks to put in place effective sanctions.
Improvement in material conditions for judicial personnel and support staff, particularly in the lower judiciary where the lack of a living or socially acceptable wage is seen to be a significant driving factor for corruption.
Normative change in the attitude towards bribery, primarily within the legal professions, but also in society more broadly. Measures include training, codes of conduct for judges, lawyers and judicial support staff, and efforts to build a culture where these norms matter for professional recognition and standing, through national and regional judicial forums.
Preventive procedural measures undertaken to reduce opportunities for corruption take many forms. Increased transparency around different types of transactions and improved case management systems and procedures that reduce the scope for individual discretion reduces the opportunities for both judges and support staff to ‘levy fees’ or conveniently lose files. Where judges are required to declare assets this may help uncover excessive income.
Disciplinary/accountability systems for judges normally include complaint mechanisms where members of the public can report knowledge or suspicion of corruption, investigative measures, as well as a hearing or ‘trial’ mechanism for disciplining and dismissal of judges. International standards require that the disciplining bodies should be independent from the government, and that disciplinary or removal proceedings against judges ‘must be determined in accordance with well-established procedures that guarantee the rights of judges to a fair and transparent hearing and to an independent review’.
It be noted that where governance generally is weak and corruption levels high, traditional, anti-corruption reform measures that rely on reducing incentives for corrupt behaviour have little effect unless accompanied by attitudinal change.

BY DOROTHY UDO UMOATAN, PhD

Tupocracy as one word for leadership by example, coined from two Greek words, tupos and kraeia, in the family of Democracy, Aristocracy, Oligarchy, Autocracy, Gerontocracy etc. It is a system of government involving people who lead by positive example based on transparency, intergrity, altruism, patriotism and godly character which is worthy of emulation by their colleagues and followers.
The Judiciary is one, out of the three arms of government known. It is seen as the third organ of government vested with the responsibility of interpreting and applying the laws to all cases, as well as, settling disputes in the court of law. Nigeria’s continued survival as a corporate entity unmistakably hinges to a very reasonable degree on the towering shoulders of the Judiciary. The scintillating performance and excellence recorded in the score-card of the Nigerian Judiciary makes the relevance of the sacred institution in the course of Nigeria’s nascent constitutional democratic experiment to be compellingly obvious. It is the Judiciary through the instrumentality of the courts that kept Nigeria and Nigerians with bated breath during the incidents of awaiting decisions of courts whether at courts of first instance or any of the other courts with appellate jurisdiction. It is quite indisputably also, the relevance of the Judiciary in any free and democratic society can never be guilty of over emphasis.
Nigeria’s quest for self- actualization can only transcend a hoax of pipe dream of the Judiciary functions optimally and operates efficiently, which paradoxically it is not the case. The relevance of the paper, therefore is to address the menace of indiscipline and corruption trailing the Judiciary and robbing it of its pride of place which can be curbed through tupocracy.
Functions of the Nigerian Judiciary
The Judiciary is the third arm of government and the last hope of the common man. As the third arm of government, it is saddled with the unique albeit onerous responsibility of the organization, powers and workings of the courts. The Judiciary is concerned with its personnel, that is; the Judges, Magistrates and other supporting staff of the courts. It is the institutional framework for attaining justice. Since the advent of independence, Nigeria has played a commendable role in the promotion of the rule of law by interpreting and applying the law in order to resolve conflicts and/or disputes between individuals, groups, government and its agencies. The Judiciary is also duty bound to enforce the fundamental rights of Nigerians as provided for in the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1999 (As Amended).
Other functions include judicial review of government actions, development of a body of Nigerian laws, promotion of constitutional tenacity and political governance. Corruption, It is instructive to note is an integral part of criminal and deviant behavior. Nigerians look up to the Judiciary to provide the necessary leadership in the fight against corruption.
Indiscipline and Corruption in the Judiciary
Indiscipline has been understood to be the unwillingness to respect constituted authority. It has also been held to be an act of misconduct which is not only a physical act but could also be a thing of the mind. Indiscipline also connotes a disregard to laid down standards of behaviours, rules and regulations of a social system such as it is negligence of norms and cultures of a social system.
Different authors and scholars have conceptualized corruption variously. Corruption is a perversion or a change from good to bad and essentially involves the violation of established rules for personal gain and profit. It is a behaviour which deviates from the formal duties of public role because of private gain or expectation of private gain. In essence, corruption entails an abuse of official position for private gain. An application of the above definitions of corruption in Nigerian clearly reveals that corruption has become an acceptable way of life and has found itself into every sphere of the national existence. This is because the indicators of corruption like embezzlement, bribery, misappropriation, conversion of public funds to personal purse, manipulation of procurement processes, falsification of official financial records, award of contracts by public office holders to cronies and personally held companies and rigging of elections are all easily observable in virtually all public offices and public affairs in Nigeria.
Corruption diverts scare resources into private pockets, literally undermines effective governance, endangers democracy and erodes the social and moral fabric of a nation. It has now become clear that corruption is one of the main obstacles to peace, stability, sustainable development, democracy, and human rights around the globe.
Causes and Indicators of Indiscipline and Corruption in the Judicial System
Some of the possible causes include low remuneration and the administrative nature of the roles of judges, far reaching discretionary powers and weak monitoring of the execution of those powers. Factors which engender judicial abuse of power also create an environment where whistle blowing is unlikely, given the extensive power and authority of the individuals involved.
Lack of transparency and the absence of comprehensive and regularly updated databases further worsen the effects of corruption in the judiciary. Such situations easily lend themselves to inconsistencies in the application of the law and make it much more difficult to identify patterns, trends or individual cases in which incorrect or anomalous results suggest the possibility of corruption. Inconsistencies might arise not only with regard to the substance of court decisions, but also with respect to court delays, fostered by the absence of time standards and their close monitoring. The lack of computer systems is one of the main causes for inconsistencies, according to Latin American lawyers and judges.
Indicators of indiscipline and corruption, as perceived by the public, include: delay in the execution of court orders; unjustifiable issuance of summons and granting of bails; prisoners not being brought to court; lack of public access to records of court proceedings; disappearance of files; unusual variations in sentencing; delays in delivery of judgments; high acquittal rates; conflict of interest; prejudices for or against a party witness, or lawyer prolonged service in a particular judicial station; high rates of decisions in favour of the executive; appointments perceived as resulting from political patronage; preferential or hostile treatment by the executive or legislature; frequent socialising with particular members of the legal profession, executive or legislature (with litigants or potential litigants); and postretirement placements.
Judicial corruption has a lot of negative impacts on society and is one of the most severe threats to human rights implementation in the country. The effects of judicial corruption in society are numerous which includes but not limited to the following: segregating the communities, violation of human right; reduces trade, economic, human development, and most importantly, reject persons from fair dispute settlements. These deteriorating effects are harmful to the democratic society and action needs to be taken to curb the malady of judicial corruption in Nigeria.
Judges must also be impartial, honest, and competent. They must lead by example. It is hard to exaggerate the negative consequences of judicial corruption, both nationally and internationally. Combating transnational crime and terrorism becomes unfeasible; it diminishes economic and human development; and it denies citizens their long-recognized right to impartial dispute settlements.
One of the major factors that precipitated corruption in the judiciary is lack of independence of the judiciary. This is as a result of the appointment of the judicial officers by the executive arm of government and confirmation of the appointment by the legislative. These politicians who are in the position to appoint the judicial officers would surely appoint the people who are loyal to them and would overlook their faults whenever they commit any offense or embezzle public funds and this has increased corruption in the judicial arm of government.
Low or insufficient salaries for judicial personnel have made some of them use the office for their respective personal gains. The salary of some of these judicial officers is unheard and these court personnel could use their position to accumulate wealth. They should endeavour to lead by example by being contented with their salaries so that the other officers of the judiciary like the clerks and administrative personnel can emulate same.
Furthermore, the lack of transparency in the appointment of judicial officers has made it difficult to eradicate corruption. In Nigeria today, judges are not appointed based on merit but, the appointment is based on political affiliation and connection of the applicant for the post.
The absence of technological equipment to keep a record of judgment has made it easy for corrupt behavior to be carried out unnoticed. The insufficient computer system can make the court personnel manipulate the judgments of the court and ensure that the right person is punished and the guilty person will go unpunished through bribery.
Lack of transparency in the court administration and court procedures, complex procedural rules is also one of the ways the Judicial Personnel used to hide the Judicial decision, the courtrooms are closed for the press to avoid the spread of the news to the public and this has become the machinery for judicial officers to carry out their evil act.
Weak monitoring systems and low press freedom are some of the major factors that are causing judicial corruption in Nigeria. The press is not given enough freedom to investigate cases in the court and thereis no effective body or agent responsible to monitor the activities of the Judicial Personnel. This corruption has become so rampant to the extent that the court registrars are collecting bribe to manipulate the case list in court.

TUPOCRACY:  PHILOSOPHICAL UNDERPININGS,
PRAXIS AND CONTEMPORARY RELEVANCE
BY GODWIN AMAOWOH, PhD, FnbR
 
Introduction: 
Leadership takes place when a person or a group of persons exercises authority over other people with a view to achieving organizational goals.  A leader is a person who knows the way and has the ability and capability to influence other people to follow him, whether they are willing or not but at the end they will be happy they did.  Many books and articles have been written and many theories, doctrines and ideologies propounded on the subject of leadership and governance, whether in the secular or sacred.  Such doctrines and theories include democracy, autocracy, aristocracy, oligarchy, monarchy, etc.  This underscores the importance of the subject because leadership is critical in the rise, growth, prosperity and success or otherwise of all organizations, institutions and nations, beginning from the home.  Admittedly, the problem has not been the absence of leadership in these areas but that of good and effective leadership.  Lack of good leadership in governance and public service has resulted in waste of scarce resources through corruption which in turn has brought about poverty, insecurity, instability, unemployment, high crime rate and disgruntlement in many nations including Nigeria.  It was in search of effective leadership style and political culture that Tupocracy was born as a veritable ally and underpin of pure and unadulterated Democracy for prosperous and peaceful society.
 
Definition of Tupocracy:  
According to Urban Dictionary:  The word, Tupocracy is generated from the Greek word “Tupos” which means, an example to be imitated.  Tupocracy therefore is a system of government involving people who lead by positive example based on integrity, transparency, patriotism and godly character which is worthy of emulation by followers. According to the Dictionary, compared with democracy, oligarchy, bureaucracy and monarchical system of governance where character is often not the basis for governance and administration, tupocracy exercises its power more in an image reflection and imitation style of ruling.  Great people have been talking about leading by example but tupocracy has come to popularize and propagate the concept.   As it were, Tupocracy has a global relevance in good Governance. https://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=TUPOCRACY.
 
II.      Origin of Tupocracy:  According to Urban Dictionary, tupocracy as a word was first mentioned by Godwin Amaowoh in 2007, then a PhD student at UNN, supervised by Prof. E. N. Chinwokwu.  (Google tupocracy or Dr. Godwin Amaowoh for more information on the subject).
 
III.     The key tenets of Tupocracy as a political ideology and leadership style:  Godwin Amaowoh, (2021) has stated the tenets of tupocracy as follows:
1.     It is predicated on the axiom that example is better than precept, because what the leader is may thunder so loud that people cannot hear what he says.  The story of a platoon commander and a zig zag follower.
2.     It is meant to bridge the credibility gap that exists between leaders and their followers.  If a leader says one thing and contradicts it by what he does, followers will lose faith and confidence in him. Followers need to be convinced that their leaders are true. 
3.     Unlike other political ideologies and styles of leadership, tupocracy emphasizes character of the leader, to lead by positive example so as to become the role model for his followers to copy, emulate, imitate or mimic.  Thus, tupocracy recommends an amalgam of both the Character Ethic Paradigm and the Personality Ethic Paradigm, the former being principle-centred, while the latter sees successful leadership as a function of personality, skills and techniques that lubricate human interactions.
4.     Democracy is a world acclaimed political doctrine but if combined with tupocracy, where the Democrat says “Do as I do”, nations of the world which practice Democracy will become paradise on earth.  Without tupocracy, Democracy becomes “Dem all crazy” (they are all insane).  This is why true dividends of democracy may continue to remain elusive in most nations, including Nigeria.  Hence, Tupocracy is meant to add value to Democracy.
5.     Tupocracy emphasizes integrity as the hub of all aspects of Governance.
 
IV.     Praxis and Contemporary Relevance:  Tupocracy has contemporary relevance in the following areas:
          (1)     Honesty.  The leader should be exemplary in honesty and altruism.    
(2)     Humility.  No civilized society endorses arrogance or pride in any leader of people in general.  Yet, humility is a scarce attribute.
(3)     Integrity.  This virtue is needed in governance and public service, with no trace of corruption in the award or execution of contracts, employment, promotion, administration of justice, etc.
(4)     Rule of law and submission to the supremacy of the constitution by the leader
(5)     Transparency in financial matters, with no skeleton in the cupboard, including declaration of assets.  There should be no fear in the declaration of assets if they were genuinely acquired
(6)     Respect for all symbols of authority, e.g. the National flag, National Anthem and the National Pledge.
(7)     Punctuality to duty and official functions.
(     Patriotism (love for one’s nation).  This is seen in the way and manner the leader serves, placing the needs of the nation above personal needs.
(9)     Love (love for fellow men).  This is predicated on the Golden Rule.
(10)   Self-sacrifice in service.
(11)   Contentment, avoiding covetousness, greed and avarice as a public servant.  This attitude will prevent embezzlement of funds.
(12)   Accountability as required in stewardship.  Tupocratic leaders ensure accountability in all they do.
(13)   Speech and communication which does not destroy but build the nation, institution and people.  Unguarded speeches can destroy organizations.  Leaders should show positive example in speech and communication.  Communication is a critical element in leadership.
(14)   Transparency in all stages of electoral processes, no rigging, thuggery, etc.
(15)   Disapproval of corruption and corrupt practices in ways that are observable to the followers.
(16)   Being just and fair in handling all matters affecting the followers without being nepotic. 
(17)   Loyalty to the system, institution or nation.
(18)   Courage in the face of numerous challenges.
(19)   Accessibility.  It is only dictators who make themselves inaccessible to followers by all means of communication.
(20)   Forgiveness of political opponents – Lack of forgiveness of political opponents will lead to vindictiveness and marginalization of opponents.  We should learn from Nelson Mandela.  He will remain a highly respected person in history because he forgave those who persecuted and jailed him for many years.
 
(21)   Those who punish law breakers should not be breakers of such laws themselves.
(22)   Those who preach unity in an organization should not overtly or covertly, by their body language, contribute to disunity in the organization.  They should show example of promoting unity.
(23)   The language used by Politicians during campaign should be decent, devoid of denigration, innuendo, character assassination, lies, violence or abuses.  They should not denigrate their Predecessors.
(24)   Compassion and empathy towards followers.
(25)   Accepting the outcome of an election in the spirit of sportsmanship, whether favourable or unfavourable, without recourse to destroying the organization or people.
(26)   Not buying or selling votes during election, directly or through agents.
(27)   Not hiring people to do dirty jobs of assassinations, murders, etc.
(28)   Tupocrats are not mentors of evil or sponsors of evil.
(29)   Parents should be role models at home.
(30)   School teachers should be role models to their pupils or students.
(31)   Religious leaders should be role models to their followers.
 
V.      How to entrench Tupocracy:  As Democracy is being threatened by unscrupulous and unconscionable Politicians in several parts of the world, Tupocracy needs to be entrenched in Governance and Leadership in order to maintain and deepen pure Democracy for a better world.   This can be achieved in the following ways.
1.       Teaching it in all institutions of learning as a political culture and leadership style, e.g Institute of Policy and Strategic Studies, Administrative Staff College, Institute of Democratic and Leadership Studies and from primary to tertiary institutions.
          2.       Teaching at conferences and seminars.
          3.       Professional bodies should emphasize it.
4.       Those who lead by positive example should be adequately rewarded.
5.       Building Institute of Tupocracy/Tupocratic Studies.
 
VI.     Benefits of Entrenching Tupocracy in leadership and public service:
1.                 The tupocratic leader will earn the respect and confidence of his followers.
2.                 It is the most effective way of mentoring and leading people.  Young people are incurably looking for positive role models in morals, sound conduct and integrity in all professions.  The tupocrat is the answer to this quest.
3.                 Peace, stability, security, progress and prosperity of the nation.  There will be no disgruntlement if people are satisfied through good governance, and no government can be better than leading by positive example.
4.                 Criticisms and insurrections will be reduced to the barest minimum when tupocracy is entrenched in leadership.
5.                 Tupocracy will deepen and sustain Democracy based on exemplary conduct by Politicians.
6.                 Tupocracy is the most effective and formidable weapon in the fight against corruption.  It is saddening that some leaders in various sectors and levels of governance have been jailed for corrupt practices while in office.
 
Conclusion:  It has not been anything to really celebrate wherever there is bad governance characterized by insincerity, negative example, lack of trust, insensitivity and lack of integrity.  However, tupocracy has been birthed to change the current narratives of insincerity, despondency, poverty, stagnation, high crime rates, etc, in our dear nation in particular.  The sad commentary is that one bad government is bound to be succeeded by another bad government and the vicious circle will continue unless God intervenes.  Tupocracy is an auspicious development to intervene and raise a new generation of leaders who will change the undesirable narratives through leading by positive example in the home, religious institutions, schools, larger society and public service. 
 
Thank you and God bless.
 
 
References:
 
Amaowoh Godwin Akpan with Emmanuel N. Chinwokwu (2021)
 
Tupocracy:  Leadership by Example for the Church and Civil Society; 4th
edition; digital Kings Media International Ltd. Nigeria.
 
Urban Dictionary:
http://tupocracy.urbanup.com/16067222#.YL8CPkR2Zyo.whatsapp
https://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=TUPOCRACY.

The DG Nigerian Books of Record, Dr. David David announces his latest achievement. It was awarded by BAMAWARDS Management 2019, recognizing him as an OUTSTANDING HERO JOURNALIST OF THE YEAR 2019.

The 2019 Independent celebration in the month of October has witnessed the crusader of Nigerian excellent records, Dr. David David, who is also the current DG of Nigerian Books of Record, being bestowed with an exceptional honor.

The award came in appreciation of his effort in driving the Federal Ministry of Information & Culture campaign for attitudinal re-orientation among Nigerians, Change Begins With Me.

The New DG believes that Attitudinal re-orientation has for long been recognized as the best way to address the myriad of societal problems confronting the Nigerian society. He has always maintained that, the challenge of a new Nigeria has placed a big responsibility on every Nigerian to join the clarion call of the Nigerian Information Ministry to spread the message of value re-orientation and social harmony.

The 2019 BAMAWARDS Management admires the exceptionally ideologies of Dr. David David and his team in laundering the image of Nigeria internationally with Nigeria’s best, which led to the creation of the latest edition the National Compendium, Nigerian Books of Record Vol. 2; a unique encyclopedia of Nigerian excellent records by bestowing him with this award to demonstrate their contribution.

For the records; Nigerian Books of Record is the official Books of Record of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, conceived by the Nigerian Books of Record Research Center to drive attitudinal re-orientation, ‘Change Begins With Me’ Campaign of the Federal Ministry of Information and Culture, Abuja. Additionally, Nigerian Books of Record identifies influential and well respected leaders of the Nigerian origin who have channeled their influence to create positive impact in the lives of people. Since the beginning of 2019, Nigerian Books of Record, under the leadership of its New DG, Dr. David David has been laundering the international image of Nigeria and also calling for all Nigerians to appreciate and celebrate the goodness in our country.

Given the current technology-driven nature of the global system and the emerging techno-lexicon of globalization, it is equally important to respond positively to such issues of national interest.


Like Guinness Book of Record, Dr. David had at many times emphasized the primary focus of Nigerian Books of Record, which is to recognize and immortalize Nigerians who have made remarkable achievements in their chosen professional callings to break the gap between history and achievers in Nigeria.

He also stated that hardworking, zealous, industrious and selfless minds in the Nigerian societies are celebrated as ethic exemplars and that such individuals in Nigerian Books of Record are elevated and positively positioned as role models for future generations to emulate and accentuate the value system of the Nigerian society.

While accepting the award, the new DG and the first Nigerian image reform activist said:
‘I’m humbled by the recognition award by BAMAWARDS Management 2019, recognizing me as an Outstanding Hero Journalist of the Year 2019. Thank you and God bless Nigeria.

# outstandingherojournalistoftheyear2019

# 2019bamawards

# nigerianbooksofrecord

The DG Nigerian Books of Record, Dr. David David announces his latest achievement. It was awarded by BAMAWARDS Management 2019, recognizing him as an OUTSTANDING HERO JOURNALIST OF THE YEAR 2019.

The 2019 Independent celebration in the month of October has witnessed the crusader of Nigerian excellent records, Dr. David David, who is also the current DG of Nigerian Books of Record, being bestowed with an exceptional honor.

The award came in appreciation of his effort in driving the Federal Ministry of Information & Culture campaign for attitudinal re-orientation among Nigerians, Change Begins With Me.

The New DG believes that Attitudinal re-orientation has for long been recognized as the best way to address the myriad of societal problems confronting the Nigerian society. He has always maintained that, the challenge of a new Nigeria has placed a big responsibility on every Nigerian to join the clarion call of the Nigerian Information Ministry to spread the message of value re-orientation and social harmony.

The 2019 BAMAWARDS Management admires the exceptionally ideologies of Dr. David David and his team in laundering the image of Nigeria internationally with Nigeria’s best, which led to the creation of the latest edition the National Compendium, Nigerian Books of Record Vol. 2; a unique encyclopedia of Nigerian excellent records by bestowing him with this award to demonstrate their contribution.

For the records; Nigerian Books of Record is the official Books of Record of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, conceived by the Nigerian Books of Record Research Center to drive attitudinal re-orientation, ‘Change Begins With Me’ Campaign of the Federal Ministry of Information and Culture, Abuja. Additionally, Nigerian Books of Record identifies influential and well respected leaders of the Nigerian origin who have channeled their influence to create positive impact in the lives of people. Since the beginning of 2019, Nigerian Books of Record, under the leadership of its New DG, Dr. David David has been laundering the international image of Nigeria and also calling for all Nigerians to appreciate and celebrate the goodness in our country.

Given the current technology-driven nature of the global system and the emerging techno-lexicon of globalization, it is equally important to respond positively to such issues of national interest.


Like Guinness Book of Record, Dr. David had at many times emphasized the primary focus of Nigerian Books of Record, which is to recognize and immortalize Nigerians who have made remarkable achievements in their chosen professional callings to break the gap between history and achievers in Nigeria.

He also stated that hardworking, zealous, industrious and selfless minds in the Nigerian societies are celebrated as ethic exemplars and that such individuals in Nigerian Books of Record are elevated and positively positioned as role models for future generations to emulate and accentuate the value system of the Nigerian society.

While accepting the award, the new DG and the first Nigerian image reform activist said:
‘I’m humbled by the recognition award by BAMAWARDS Management 2019, recognizing me as an Outstanding Hero Journalist of the Year 2019. Thank you and God bless Nigeria.

# outstandingherojournalistoftheyear2019

# 2019bamawards

# nigerianbooksofrecord

TEAM Nigeria defeated Ghana 8-6 in the final to emerge championships of the Ikemidcell P.bll Professional World Championship held in Mile 12, Lagos today.
The Indoor play edition of the Ikemidcell P.bll World Championship however saw Nigeria female team lose 2-1 to their counterpart from Ghana.
The tournament played in presence of sizable spectators saw the creator of Ikemidcell P.bll Sport, Jomoh Ikem Igbinosun Inducted into Nigerian Books of Record.
Nigerian Books of Record is the official Book of Records of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, conceive by the Institute to drive attitudinal re-orientation, ‘Change Begins With Me Campaign’ of the Federal Ministry of Information and Culture, Abuja.
Speaking during the induction ceremony just before the final, the DG of the Institute, Dr. David David said Igbinosun earned the honour on merit.

The man deserved to be inducted into the Nigerian Books of Record because this is the first time we are seeing a Nigerian coming out with a sport that has potential to employ the youth in the country, have a potential to lift our country to the next level.
“The invention put him in the Inventors Category alongside great Nigeria-American Professor, Philip Emeeagwali, the man who used 65,000 processors to invent the world’s fastest computer which performs computations at 3.1 billion calculation per seconds; Jelan Aliu, a Detroit-based car design veteran from General Motors, who’s best known as the designer of its Chevy Volt in 2017; Alexander Amosu, the inventor of world most expensive suit and Godwin Amaowoh’s invention of Tupocracy took the world by surprise.”

While appreciating the honour bestowed on him, Ikem Igbinosun called for government support in taking the sport to the next level.
“We have been trying our best and as you can see now lots of Nigerians taking part. Now we have four different private teams. So far so good, we are moving well but still need the support of the federal government,” he said.