₦airaland Forum

Still available. Price dropped to 30k

TCL TAB 8 LE Android tablet for sale.

WiFi + Cellular
32gb Storage
3gb RAM
Android 12
Battery excellent

There is a crack on the bottom right of the screen, as seen in the picture, but it does not affect performance at all.

https://www.tcl.com/us/en/products/mobile/tcl-tab/tcl-tab-8-le-shadow-gray

Price: 30k
Lagos Only

Available

Available

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Today, we are going to tackle the interesting story that brought us one of the most commonplace, necessary items we use everyday: the ballpoint pen. In this article, we are going to talk about ballpoint history - the who, the when, and the why of the ballpoint pen (or as it is also called, the Biro).

Who Invented the Ballpoint?
László Bíró patented what is considered the first ballpoint pen in 1938, though he had been developing it for almost a decade beforehand with his brother György. Born to a Jewish family in Hungary, Laszlo was a newspaper man and journalist by trade, while György was a dentist.
Frustrated with the writing tools of their day, Laszlo and György invented a special ink made with a paste instead of water that made the ballpoint possible. But while Bíró is considered the original inventor, another man laid the foundation for the modern ballpoint pen.

When Was the Ballpoint Pen Invented?
John J. Loud obtained what is technically the first patent for a ballpoint pen, US #392,046, on 30th October 1888. A leather tanner, Harvard-educated lawyer, and inventor, Loud was born on November 2, 1844. While tanning leather, he often needed to mark a point to cut. A pencil would be too faint and using a fountain pen made this process quite messy. In frustration, Loud wracked his brain for an alternative. He designed a writing tool that had a small rotating metal ball clutched in a socket. Think of a roll-on bottle. A large ball sits inside a cylinder, clutched against the end by a socket that allows it to spin freely. This mechanism allowed the ball to cycle ink from the reservoir inside the pen to the surface as the ball spun around in its socket.

Loud described the writing instrument as follows:
“My invention consists of an improved reservoir or fountain pen, especially useful, among other purposes, for marking on rough surfaces such as wood, coarse wrapping-paper, and other articles where an ordinary pen could not be used.”

Loud’s first ballpoint pen was great when used on leather, but unfortunately it was too rough on paper. The patent lapsed, paving way for better iterations.

Why Was the Ballpoint Pen Invented?
Despite the annals of incredible literature composed with feather quills and fountain pens, they were only reliable in the hands of skilled writers. However, the pace of life quickened with modern technology and literacy rates increased; demand arose for pens that didn’t require so much time, attention, and care.

Drawbacks to the old quill and ink bottle (or even the early versions of the fountain pen) included:
- Ink needed to dry, requiring time or else the use of something like sand to speed up the process
- Pens only worked on a paper writing surface
- They required hands-on maintenance; from cutting a feather into shape, sharpening it, and keeping it clean
- They were really, really messy
- Great skill was needed to write consistently
- The more literacy grew, the greater the demand for a writing tool that could handle writing on the go on any surface.

How Laszlo Biro Invented the Ballpoint Pen
Laszlo Biro invented the ballpoint by combining the ball socket mechanism with a new paste ink. Constantly writing as a journalist, Laszlo Bíró became increasingly frustrated with the drawbacks of the fountain pen and was desperately in need of a pen that didn’t smudge on paper. While visiting printing houses, Bíró noticed that the ink used on newspaper printing dried almost instantly with no smudges.

An idea popped into his head. He spoke to his brother György in the hopes that they could harness this ink. Aside from being a dentist, György was also a rather talented chemist. Building on earlier patented designs like Loud’s, they started by putting newspaper ink into a ballpoint. Unaltered, the newspaper ink was too thick and clogged the mechanism. Harnessing György’s abilities as a chemist, they started altering the formula of the ink.

The key was in the oil-based ink used in newspaper print. Water-based ink leaked out of the pen and needed to saturate into the fibers of the paper (which is why dry time was critical). But oil-based ink sat on top of the paper, preventing it from bleeding through the page and allowing it to dry almost on contact.

In 1931, they launched their ballpoint pen at the Budapest International Fair. Seven years later, in 1938, the Bíró brothers obtained patents in Britain and France and went to work to start selling their new ballpoint.

What is the Biro Pen?
The Biro Pen is the modern ballpoint pen. In fact, in many English speaking countries like the UK, the name for a ballpoint is a biro, named for Mr. Laszlo Biro himself. The Biro ballpoint pen features in the patent were described as:

- A system of getting the ink from the reservoir to the rotating ball.
- An airtight reservoir for storing a particularly dense ink.
- A sealing mechanism in the metal ball that would prevent ink oxidation/evaporation.
- A free ball nib.

Laszlo Biro’s work solved each one of the major problems pens had faced prior to this point. After a chance encounter with the president of Argentina, Augustin Justo, the Biro brothers moved to South America along with their new business partner, Juan Jorge Meyne. It was 1941 and they barely escaped persecution by rising anti-Semitism in Europe. There in Buenos Aires, they launched the Bíró Pens of Argentina factory. Biro Pens named the ballpoint pens Bíróme (a merger of the names Bíró and Meyne). To this day, pens in Argentina are still referred to as Bírómes.

How the BIC Company Made the “Modern” Ballpoint
Thanks to Marcel Bich, the Bíróme finally made it to the US. Laszlo Biro had never achieved mass market success with the Biro Pen, but was ready for a change. Marcel Bich was a French manufacturer who understood the potential value of a working ballpoint. He licensed the designs of the ballpoint pens by Bíró for two million dollars. With those, he formed the Bic Company in 1953. The company struggled with sales initially but achieved unsurmounted success with the world's most popular pen, the Bic Cristal. The Bic Cristal, plastic, cheap to manufacture, and incredibly usable, his commercially successful ballpoint pen sold more than any other writing instrument in history. Bich took the ballpoint from the working, problem-solving Biro, and made it accessible to anyone who wanted one with the disposable pen.

How the Ballpoint has Changed the World
Since it went into production in the 1950s, over 100 billion Bic Cristals have been sold. The invention of the ballpoint pen meant suddenly anyone who wanted to write or draw could at any time at any place. There could not have been a more primed market for the technological advancement of the pen as education and literacy rates were steadily increasing by the early 20th century. Increased literacy rates meant an increased demand for writing instruments of which the ballpoint was now the cheapest, most versatile, and most accessible writing instrument available.

The ballpoint has made writing possible in any climate, situation, or environment. Even in the ever technologically advancing world of electronics, the pen is still considered a vital tool, essential to daily work with an ever increasing market. It is almost incomprehensible to imagine the state of the modern world without the invention of the ballpoint pen thanks to the work of Loud, the Biros, and Bich.

Source:
https://www.dayspringpens.com/blogs/the-jotted-line/who-invented-the-ballpoint-pen-history?srsltid=AfmBOor1tIwoBmGWPbVfO4X0iZTy3uMzBZjGmrIqmiE1cPDYgmEB_3y7

Edied. Edited. Edited. Edied. Edited. Edited. Edied. Edited. Edited. Edied. Edited. Edited.

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Edited.

Still even more valid today in the context of the rampant false teachings that are so prevalent in many Nigerian churches.

I encourage you to listen.

May the Lord save his little flock in this country and bring them out of these false churches.

Kukutente23:
Keep praying earnestly for curses
You'll soon come and explain what he stole from you and where

If you read through the New Testament, you will know that Adeboye is not a disciple of Christ, but a wolf in sheep's clothing whose god is his belly.

Adeboye is an unrepentant thief.

Pure and simple.

When Jesus, the Son of God, came down from Heaven, His choices of men and women towards salvation — alas! God the Father’s choices — prove, truly, that God chooses the base, foolish, despised, those who were at the lower end of the ladder, and passes many times over the worldly wise and highly esteemed of the world, as Paul says in 1 Corinth 1:26–31:

For the preaching of the cross is to them that perish foolishness; but unto us which are saved it is the power of God. For it is written, I will destroy the wisdom of the wise, and will bring to nothing the understanding of the prudent. Where is the wise? where is the scribe? where is the disputer of this world? hath not God made foolish the wisdom of this world?

For after that in the wisdom of God the world by wisdom knew not God, it pleased God by the foolishness of preaching to save them that believe. For the Jews require a sign, and the Greeks seek after wisdom: But we preach Christ crucified, unto the Jews a stumblingblock, and unto the Greeks foolishness; But unto them which are called, both Jews and Greeks, Christ the power of God, and the wisdom of God.

Because the foolishness of God is wiser than men; and the weakness of God is stronger than men. For ye see your calling, brethren, how that not many wise men after the flesh, not many mighty, not many noble, are called: But God hath chosen the foolish things of the world to confound the wise; and God hath chosen the weak things of the world to confound the things which are mighty; And base things of the world, and things which are despised, hath God chosen, yea, and things which are not, to bring to nought things that are: That no flesh should glory in his presence.

He particularly went to a man possessed with a legion of devils and saved him, not just from the demons, but made him His disciple (Mark 5). He saved Mary Magdalene who had seven devils (Luke 8:2). He saved men who were born blind, saved lepers, saved those who were lunatic, and casted out devils from many others. This has been even my case as well, and I am eternally grateful to the Lord for His mercies and compassions toward me.

However, I will say this: God’s love and invitation to the Kingdom of His Dear Son extends to all men, in that He says, “For God so loved the world that He gave His only begotten Son, that whosoever believes in Him should not perish, but have everlasting life.”

Just don’t allow the pride of your heart, intelligence, money, possessions, family ties, or anything in this world, keep you from truly believing in the Lord Jesus Christ and abandoning all hope of saving yourself.

Hello,

I'm in need of an Hausa Translator to translate some articles from English to Hausa.

You should be a native Hausa speaker.

Renumeration is attractive.

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Position has been filled.

kafeii123:
this is not development in any way, they left their core job to start doing fashion police.... good research they cannot do....yet they are not brave enough to confront their political captors... but they want to flex muscles on innocent young people simply because they want to show relevance....All of them shd open churches and mosques... in their own compounds and dictate dresses for their members.

Their core job is not just teaching, but building character also.

I live in UNILAG, where there is practically no dress code, and you should see the aberration I see on a daily basis by certain students.

I think it is for the students' good,even though it may seem harsh. Just as a good father will discipline his child so he does not go wayward, I think the school is doing this out of love for the students.

Very welcomed development. Young children these days are something else.

Skydiv:
What makes you think cable TV companies will sit and fold their hands and watch their business go into extinction? Dstv is currently spamming their subscribers with showmax addons already. There has been a network outage in my area for over a week now. If there was no Dstv Imagine how my kids would have fared without a cartoons in their holiday period? Dstv is going nowhere they will adapt to the current trend.

Teach them other things. Sitting in front of a television set, always watching cartoons, can be detrimental to their health and future.

They can visit the zoo sometimes to learn about animals, they can learn to ride a bike or skip, they can do paintings, etc. etc.

kpankpangolo:
1. They won’t lose many customers. They’ll adapt and change. Being served food always feels better than actively hunting and cooking. Many of my friends streamed content then got tired after a year or two. Now they pay for the cheapest DStv package and call it a day.

2. How old is your mom?

Hmmm. Time will tell.

For me, actively hunting and cooking is better than being served food because of all the experience you get while hunting and cooking.

The amount you use to pay for DSTV nowadays can now be used to watch selected content on YouTube (maybe on medium resolution) that is better than what is obtainable on DSTV.

Nígbà tí Jésù, Ọmọ Ọlọ́run, sọ̀kalẹ̀ láti ọ̀run wá, àṣàyàn tí Ó ṣe nínú àwọn ọkùnrin àti àwọn obìnrin sí ìgbàlà — kì í ṣe Jésù nìkan, ṣùgbọ́n pẹ̀lú Ọlọ́run Baba — fi hàn gbangba pé Ọlọrun máa ń yàn àwọn tí a kà sí ẹni kéré, aláìlòye, ẹni tí a kọ́, àwọn tó wà ní ipò kẹ́yìn lórí àtẹ̀gùn ayé, tí Ó sì máa ń kọja lọ lórí àwọn tó jẹ́ ọlọ́gbọ́n ayé, àti àwọn gbajúmọ̀ ayé, gẹ́gẹ́ bí Pọ́ọ̀lù ti sọ nínú 1 Kọrinti 1:26–31:

“Ìhìnrere agbelebu jẹ́ òmùgọ̀ sí àwọn tí ń ṣègbé; ṣùgbọ́n sí wa tí a ń gbà là, ó jẹ́ agbára Ọlọ́run. Nítorí a ti kọ̀wé pé, ‘Èmi yóò pa ọgbọ́n àwọn ọlọ́gbọ́n run, èmi yóò sì sọ ìmọ̀ àwọn ọlọ́ṣàájú di asán.’ Níbo ni ọlọ́gbọ́n wà? Níbo ni akọwé wà? Níbo ni alágbára àjọṣe ayé yìí wà? Ṣé Ọlọ́run kò ti sọ ọgbọ́n ayé yìí di aṣìwere? Nítorí pé nípasẹ̀ ọgbọ́n Ọlọ́run, ayé kò mọ Ọlọ́run pẹ̀lú ọgbọ́n ara rẹ̀, Ó yá Ọlọrun lórí láti lo ohun tí ayé ka sí aṣiwèrè — ìhìn rere — láti gba àwọn tí ń gbà gbọ́ là.

Àwọn Júù ń wá àmì, àwọn Gíríìkì sì ń wá ọgbọ́n; ṣùgbọ́n a ń wàásù Kristi tí a kàn mọ́ agbelebu — sí Júù ó di ìdènà, sí Gíríìkì ó di aṣìwere. Ṣùgbọ́n sí àwọn tí a pè, Júù àti Gíríìkì, Kristi ni agbára Ọlọ́run àti ọgbọ́n Ọlọ́run.

Nítorí pé òmùgọ̀ Ọlọ́run jù ọgbọ́n ènìyàn lọ; àti aláìlera Ọlọ́run ni agbára jù ìlera ènìyàn lọ.

Nítorí ẹ wo ìpè yín, ará, pé kì í ṣe ọ̀pọ̀ nínú yín tí ó jẹ́ ọlọ́gbọ́n gẹ́gẹ́ bí ara, kì í ṣe ọ̀pọ̀ tí ó jẹ́ alágbára, kì í ṣe ọ̀pọ̀ tí ó jẹ́ ọlọ́lá ni a pè:
Ṣùgbọ́n Ọlọ́run yàn àwọn ohun tí a ka sí aṣiwèrè nínú ayé, kó lè yà àwọn ọlọ́gbọ́n lẹ́nu; ó sì yàn àwọn ohun aláìlera nínú ayé, kó lè fi bà àwọn alágbára jẹ́.

Ó tún yàn àwọn ohun tí a ko sílẹ̀ nínú ayé, àwọn tí a kòrìíra, bẹ́ẹ̀ni àwọn ohun tí kò sí, kó lè mú àwọn ohun tí ó wà di asán: Kí ẹran ara kì í lè yọ ara rẹ̀ níwájú Ọlọ́run.

Jésù fúnra Rẹ̀ lọ sí ọkùnrin kan tí Ẹ̀mí Èṣù “legion” ti gba, ó sì gbà á là—kì í ṣe pé ó lé àwọn ẹ̀mí kúrò nìkan, ṣùgbọ́n ó tún jẹ́ kí ó di ọmọ-ẹ̀yìn Rẹ̀ (Máríkù 5).

Ó gbà Máárìá Magadalẹ́nì là, ẹni tí èṣu méje wà nínú rẹ̀ (Lúùkù 8:2).

Ó gbà àwọn tí a bí ní àìri ìran, àwọn adẹ̀tẹ̀, ó gbà àwọn aṣiwere; ó sì lé àwọn èṣu jáde kúrò lara ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn míì.

Èyí sì jẹ́ irúiṣẹ́ tí Ọlọ́run ti ṣe fún mi pẹ̀lú, mo sì dupẹ́ lọ́wọ́ Oluwa lọ́pọ̀lọ́pọ̀ fún àánú àti ìfẹ́ Rẹ̀ tó fi hàn sí mi.

Síbẹ̀, èmi yóò sọ pé: Ìfẹ́ Ọlọ́run àti ìpè sí Ìjọba Ọmọ Rẹ̀ tó nífẹ̀ẹ́ yìí wà fún gbogbo ènìyàn, nítorí pé Ọlọ́run tikarawọn sọ pé: “Nítorí Ọlọ́run fẹ́ aráyé tó bẹ́ẹ̀ gẹ́ẹ́, tí ó fi ọmọ rẹ̀ kan ṣoṣo fún ni, kí ẹnikẹ́ni tí ó bá gbà á gbọ́, má bà á ṣègbé, ṣùgbọ́n kí ó lè ní ìyè àìnípẹ̀kun." Má jẹ́ kí ìgbéraga ọkàn rẹ, ọgbọ́n rẹ, owó rẹ, ohun-ini rẹ, ìbáṣepọ̀ ẹbí rẹ, tàbí ohunkóhun ní ayé yìí dá ọ dúró láti fi gbà Jésù Kristi gẹ́gẹ́ bí Olúwa àti Olùgbàlà rẹ, kí o sì kọ gbogbo ireti pé o lè gba ara rẹ là.

abuhusna1:
Anyone can be nigeria president but Atiku cos that guy will really pack nu
Nigeria money he has spent for all lost elections over the years

You are right.

JASONjnr:
ADC should without shame turn to Atiku and ask him what he did with the 16b naira he embezzled during his time as the VP which was meant for the power sector to provide steady power supply across Nigeria..... Before throwing sheds on a hardworking president.

The people in ADC had held power and they did absolutely nothing during their time.... forming a coalition to overthrow Tinubu for them to take over power shows how low they think of Nigerians.

I agree with you, partially. Atiku did way worse during his tenure as VP, and the ADC coalition are no better than the APC.

However, Tinubu should be held to his words. The Band A, Band B, and Band C was a cleverly orchestrated scam just to siphon money from the general public. Before the electoral reforms, everyone was on the same band, whether you get light 3 hrs a day or 24 hrs a day, and it was affordable. Today we pay about #215/kwh for band A and get light less than three hours a day in many places.

tolugar:
I was never caught. Money kept missing. Sometimes my dad will feel like he don't know how to count numbers again.

Everyday for the thief, one day for the owner.

tolugar:
That speedy made me a thief at one point

Then coconut and fishy succeeded in making me a criminal at one point

Anywhere you hide money I must find it


Thank God for this point


This is my confession

I have the same confession too.

In primary school, I stole Okin square, about six pieces, and was caught.

--this has been edited. This has been edited. Edited, sorry

No longer for sale.

Thank you very much for your interest.