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doskie:go on please |
This is a question for all Nairaland, when was the first day you kiss a person you called your love and what do you felt like for the first time? share your experience! |
Wizkid and Davido were one time close friends before beef of supremacy in the Music Industry arises. This picture are the times Wizkid and Davido were chilling together back then in 2011.
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Let this post get to front-page please. |
IGALA:THE PLIGHT OF IGALA PEOPLE IN ANAMBRA STATE. lgala is an ethnic group In Nigeria with over ten million population as of now. The home of the Igala people is situated east of the river Niger and Benue confluence and astride the Niger. the Igala people share boundary with the igbos(ibo) people at the south, idoma at the east, Benis people at the west and Ebira people at the north. The Igala people are found in Kogi state with 55 percent of kogi state population and also found in Anambra state, Enugu state, Edo state and Delta state. The Igala people which are found in the Anambra west are mostly Mmiata Anam, Umuoba-Abegbu Anam, Umuenwelum Anam, Oroma-Etiti,Umueze Anam, Umudora Anam, Umuikwu Anam, Inoma-Akator, Nzam, Igbedor and Iyiora Anam all from the family of Ogbe the descendants of General Ajida, a notable warrior of Idah origin(Idah is traditional headquarters of Igala kingdom) Ajida is the father of field marshal Ogbe who was married to Iyida. The family of ogbe and other Anambra west villages. Anam, Anako, and Akpanam people have recently neglected their real tribe Igala which was the language they were speaking originally as their mother tongue before the Nigeria civil war. As a Igala tribe in an Igbo state, it is very difficult because Anambra state government has make it compulsory for all the school to speak igbo(ibo) through out which sometime makes it difficult for Igala young one to speak Igala. Igala people in Anambra west are making a lot of mistakes now because some of them are given igbo names to their children rather than Igala name. They know that they are Igala people but the Anambra west generations of youths does not really knows who there are rather they thinks they are igbo because most of them bears Igbo names. The history of Nzam are traces back to descendants of General Ajida, a notable warrior of Idah origin who came to the town. Ajida is the father of field marshal Ogbe who was married to Iyida. He was the first settler of the present place Ogbe area of Anambra west. In my interview with a man called chinedu Idoko an indigene of the land. I ask him about himself and his tribes and also his names. This was his reply, my names is chinedu Idoko, I am an Igala man, but I bears igbo names while my father names Idoko Atama an Igala names. I was given the name after the Nigeria civil war in in 1971. Speaking further to chinedu. Why are you people in this Generation doesn't want to give yourself Igala names again? I don't know maybe it is because we are living in Anambra an Igbo state. But we still speak our Igala language as our mother tongue. Most youths in Anambra who are bearing Igbo names and some times are not living in Anambra west will thinks that there are igbos not knowing there Igala people. Our land has lack development and government neglection on our land. Our only roads that links our town is not something we might talks about because it is not good. We are the least undeveloped area i Anambra state lacking many facilities. Nzam people must know their origin and try to preserve their origin before it dies off. An advice to Ogbe family of Anambra west. Stop given your children Igbo names and teach your children how to speak Igala. Do you know that the king of Nzam originally was called Ide of Nzam. Which means the Guardian of Nzam people. Ide means Guardian in igala not igwe now they are calling them. This post was written by Ojonugwa Victor, an admin of Igala nation unite freedom fighter and should not be copy without consulting me. ©Igala nation unite freedom fighter — Source: https://mobile.facebook.com/igalaford/photos/a.331637373845759.1073741827.327533790922784/385645421778287/?type=3&_ft_=top_level_post_id.385645421778287%3Atl_objid.385645421778287%3Apage_id.327533790922784%3Athid.327533790922784%3A306061129499414%3A69%3A0%3A1501570799%3A-5703569366351177312
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1. Antimatter — $62.5 trillion per gram The most expensive substance on Earth. Production of one milligram of positrons costs about $25 million. In theory, we will be able to use antimatter as fuel for spacecrafts in the future. But the drawback today is that to make just one gram of it, all of mankind will have to work for about a year without rest. 2. Californium — $25-27 million per gram The most expensive chemical element ever. It has been synthesized only once since its discovery in 1950. 3. Diamond — $55,000 per gram The most famous precious stone on Earth, and the best friend of any lady. 4. Tritium — $30,000 per gram This gas is used in lighting — for example, in tritium illumination. It costs about $15 million to produce a pound of tritium. 5. Taaffeite — $20,000 per gram or $4,000 per carat A precious stone of a violet, pink, red, or white color. It is a million times rarer than diamonds, making it legendary. However, despite its uniqueness, it’s not very popular when it comes to jewelry — and that’s probably the reason why it’s relatively inexpensive. 6. Painite — $9,000 per gram This stone is so rare that very few people actually know it exists. It’s a mineral of an orange or reddish-brown color, and it was only discovered 65 years ago. There are just a couple hundred of these stones in the world today. 7. Plutonium — $4,000 per gram A heavy yet fragile radioactive metal of a silvery-white color. Its uses vary from production of nuclear weapons and fuel to a source of energy for spacecrafts. 8. LSD — $3,000 per gram A psychoactive narcotic substance, and a very expensive delayed death. The manufacturing process of this semi-synthetic drug is quite difficult, which explains the cost. 9. Cocaine — $236 per gram A drug that costs a fortune yet won’t do you any good whatsoever. This white crystal powder is a fatally dangerous narcotic. Its higher price, as compared to the one above, is explained by its ’purity’ and naturalness. 10. Heroin — $130 per gram An opiate that changes your perception. Once again, better you never see it for yourself. If the movies speak the truth, it’s very hard to get, and that’s probably why it’s so expensive. Source: http://senoslink..com/2017/04/ten-expensive-substance-in-world.html?m=1 |
Igala are found mostly in Kogi State, Edo, Anambra, Delta, Benue and Rivers state and are estimated 5 millions people. They are rule by The Attah
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The Concept of Divine Kingship in Igala Traditional Society The Attah Igala was referred to as a divine king the same way the Jukun and the Benin regarded their rulers, the Aku Uka, and the Oba of Benin respectively. This idea of divine kingship came because his office was that of a priest king as he performed very vital sacrifice for the well being of the state and citizenry. Aside from that, the Igala people believed that the Attah had the power to control agriculture, the fertility of the soil and women, the elemental spirits, wind and water bodies.39 In Igala traditional society, the divine kingship of the Attah Igala was equated with the Sun or the Moon. It even goes beyond that as the Attah was sometimes called Attah–Inah, meaning the Holy Father. Metaphorically, Oma – Ata – inah is the name for leopard in Igala language. Attah Igala was, therefore, seen as the son of the Holy Father. He was greeted with the acronym Agaba meaning “Lion” or Idu. The person of the Attah was believed to be charged with a sacred dynamism and must not place his bare foot on bare ground.40 The reason given for this is that, if he touched the earth with his bare foot, his magic elements would escape from him into the ground where it will be lost.41 It was also a taboo to touch the personality of the Attah or to sit upon his chair, mat or bed. He can only shake somebody‟s hand when he is prepared to do so. The exception to this was certain privileged persons who were virtually protected to handle any part of his insignia.42 These were his Eunuchs and assigned priests. To prove his divine characteristics further, the pieces of his hair and nail cut were preserved. The claim to divine kingship also manifested in the aspect of the spirit of the late Attah. It was believed that the spirit of a dead Attah inhabited a newly crowned Attah. The assumption was that they guided and protected him. They also gave him supernatural powers far beyond and above the ordinary person. The Attah was in charge of the sacrifice to the spirit of the Royal dead persons who were believed to have metamorphosed into spiritual leopards, the symbol of spiritism in traditional Igala society. It should be noted, however, that the theory of divine kingship is subject to fallibility. In a society that was purely illiterate and inquisition almost non-existent, the people believed whatever they were told. The Attah was a mortal being and not immortal. To debunk the concept of divine kingship, the last Attah, Aliyu Obaje gave himself to the worship of Almighty God as a Muslim.43 The word “divine” thus, has no relation with kingship except for complex spiritual qualities and principles that uphold systems of monarchy in most parts of Africa. Further claim of this divine kingship was seen in his solitary life style. For instance, he lived in almost complete seclusion, accessible only to important officers of state and to those of his household sworn into secrecy, who must not under pain of death penalties divulge anything heard or seen within the king‟s domain. Exceptions to this seclusion were audiences to the envoys of important personages. This was usually obtained after great difficulty. The annual festivalsin which the appearance of the king was obligatory provided the only opportunity. During this period, they sat in the ogbwede, that is, council chamber for the discussion of urgent affairs of state, and for the exercise of his supreme judicial functions.44 Even at that, it was customary for the Attah to emerge from the royal enclosure in the cover of the night so that his subjects would not familiarise themselves with his person and looks. This was to protect the superstitious awe with which he was regarded. Two ancient rhymes suffice here: (i) Be te ma lule odu, Onuwa dododa; Meaning: Go not forth into the night for the king is outside. (ii) Chenwu ke li idu odada Erule; which translates: Should you meet the lion, the Attah, on the path, flee his presence. These songs are still prominent in present day Igala folktales. They demonstrate Attah‟s divinity in Igala concept. The belief was that the Attah watches over his subject at night in the spirit of a lion. However, his divinity cannot be seen in his human nature such as a rage, laughter or grief. His act of sitting down could not also be used against him. What usually counted in terms of his divinity were his footprints. Still in the realm of divine kingship, he does not look upon a dead body or on a person suffering from foul, or deadly disease such as leprosy. He was, however, believed to possess magical powers for the cure of lesser maladies. He was also credited with the ability to exercise control over some elemental spirit and thus, over the harvest.45 In Igala traditional society, the Attah was profoundly conscious of his divine nature. In reaction to an allegation of a dubious conduct by the British officer in 1936, Attah Amocheje declared: Over you are the Resident who may correct you if you have gone amiss, over the Resident is the Lieutenant Governor, over him the Governor in Lagos, and over him the White Man‟s King. Over me, the Attah, there is none except OJO meaning the Supreme God.46 A few years later when the land suffered from a plague of locusts, the Attah declared at a council meeting with the District Officer that “Igala‟s immunity was responsible solely to his own supernatural powers”.47 In 1841, at a reception for the representatives of the Niger expedition, Attah Amocheje stated thus: The River belongs to me a long way up and down on both sides, and I am King. The Queen of white men has sent a friend to see me. I have also seen just now, a present which is not worthy to be offered to me – it is only fit for my servant. God made me after his image. I am all the same as God and he appointed me a King.48 That was the level of the belief of the Attah in the concept of his divine nature in Igala traditional society. He saw himself as god and behaved accordingly. But if he were really god he would have no need for food nor sleep because God does not eat nor sleep. Clifford has observed that: His food was prepared by young virgins bound by a special oath who performed this duty in the nude. The food was served to him at appointed hours in the morning, noon, and evening – by two other naked virgins who brought the sacred dishes to his private quarters and awaited the signal that he was ready to receive it.49 One of such signals was a cough, which implied permission to come in. On getting into the chamber, the servant would fall on her knees and place the dish beside him. She avoided gazing at the king by bending her head downward. She would then wait for the king to finish eating. While she waited, she sat back on her heels motionless with her arms on her laps. When he is satisfied, the Attah would give a further signal when the same girl would re-enter and remove the dishes, carefully sweeping up any scraps which might have fallen. The dishes were then cleansed by a special acolyte charged with the custody of the Attah‟s regalia and possessions.50 The use of virgins for this purpose was probably based on two assumptions. One, in most traditional African societies‟, menstruation was seen as an agent of contamination. It is deducible, therefore, that it was to avoid the possibility of contaminating the Attah‟s food and the cooking utensils by menstrual blood that young virgins below the age of menstruation were used.51 unclothedness was also insisted upon to hinder the temptation of poisoning, as there would be no where to hide anything on a naked body. In modern day Igala society, the Attah‟s food preparation is carried out by certain selected wives who must undergo a special oath. Customarily, in Igala traditional society, a small portion of everything the Attah ate or drank was placed in a covered brass receptacle known as Ane. It was an extremely sacred object. History has it that it was never washed and yet was kept filled with water. Traditional folktales affirm that he spits the food and drink into the bowl and in so doing was ritually feeding the spirits of the ancestors. The water from the vessel was an oath-binder of great potency. Either as a symbol of respect, or for fear of attracting the wrath of the Attah, complete silence was observed within the compound when he was eating. It has been said that the Attah abandoned his food if he heard the barking of a dog. As a confirmation of this taboo, no dog was seen in the vicinity of the Attah‟s palace. This is in spite of the fact that Igala people were dog keepers. Mongrels were thus, generally repugnant to him. In furtherance of the concept of divine kingship in Igala traditional society, the Attah was not addressed directly, except by his intimates, nor does he speak directly to a person seeking audience with him or appearing before him judicially. The individual concerned addresses a so-called “interpreter” who simply repeats to the Attah exactly what has been said, and repeats to the individual the replies or comments of the Attah. ©igala nation unite freedom fighter — Source: https://m.facebook.com/igalaford/photos/a.331637373845759.1073741827.327533790922784/434437996899029/?type=3&_ft_=top_level_post_id.434437996899029%3Atl_objid.434437996899029%3Apage_id.327533790922784%3Athid.327533790922784%3A306061129499414%3A69%3A0%3A1498892399%3A4778916800203765288 senoslink..com
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