₦airaland Forum

lovelygurl:
Believe me when you meet one, it's panic state activated. You won't want to trigger anything but will still want to help him. You won't want to make any mistakes because you don't want to be the reason of his or her death

Bumbae1:
Nice write op
So many valid points ..
Depression na serious killer wahlahi


Over here just say u depressed .. no work .. meds etc they take it serious cause it can lead to serious suicidal issues

dacovajnr:
She sef na Mummysneh

Divay22:
Nice thread

engrMikemd:
there is an app that does that you know

dacovajnr:

innovate3751:
Oshay! This is what I always tell my gf....but she wouldn't listen. Oya come and see it yourself!

dreamwords:
Our young girls abuse this drugs like their life depends on it

Luizkid:
it's cos of this drug u'll hear them say 'am a big gal, i can take care of myself'... that statement can make u fire like a v8 engine

SmellingAnus:
yea it helped... But I don't advise ppl to take the two tablets in postinor 2... One is enough for many females although not all the time... I discovered that taking the two tablets increases the risk of the side effects manifesting

Damian2016:
Thanks OP for the repost!

2dice01:
some ladies blood don turn postinos 2

iPopAlomo:
Oshay OP!!!

Damian2016:
Source: DOCTORSHUB NIGERIA



#1. GENOTYPE:
This test will reveal to you whether you are a sickler (SS), a carrier of the sickle cell trait (AS) or normal (AA). This test is one of the most important of this list. In fact, some churches now make it mandatory for would-be couples to have their genotypes done. It is too important a test not to do. The sickle cell trait is so common among blacks. You may not be a sickler but be a carrier of the trait (AS)- and you only need another partner carrying the AS trait to give birth to children who are sicklers. The suffering that comes with being a sickler or having a sickler child is too grave for any couple in their right thinking minds to ignore.


#2. BLOOD GROUP/RHESUS FACTOR:
This one is like the easiest and most common of them. Yet, some couples still throw caution to the wind and do whatever they like. Apart from the fact that knowing your partner's blood group can prove useful in saving his or her life during an emergency, it also finds useful application in preventing a condition called hemolytic disease of the newborn (Erythroblastosis foetalis- a condition affecting newborns where there blood is destroyed by maternal antibodies). It is caused when a Rhesus negative mother is pregnant with a Rhesus positive child (rhesus factor is an antigen found on the surface of red blood cells and seen in 85% of humans) and her body is stimulated to produce anitodies against the baby's blood. While the index pregnancy may not result in complications, subsequent pregnancies (in which the babies are Rhesus positive) are severely attacked by the maternal antibodies. The offending antibodies, already synthesized by the mother during the first pregnancy, viciously attack and destroy the baby's blood, leading to stillbirth and miscarriages.


#3. HIV TEST:
The sheer number of deaths due to HIV and AIDS makes it an infection of importance. It is extremely important that all couples contemplating marriage know their HIV status before walking down the aisle. Since this infection is readily transmitted to the baby during birth, it is important that couples make the necessary efforts to successfully prevent the mother-to-child transmission of the virus.


#4. FERTILITY INDEX:
This is a test done to ascertain the fertility of a couple. More often than not, a couple is unware that they have fertility problems until about 2 or more years after marriage and unsuccessful trials at conceiving. The test profiles the reproductive hormones in both partners while semen analysis is tested in the man and ovulation is tested in the woman. Except a couple is not willing to have children before or after marriage, this is one important test to get done.


#5. TORCHES screen:
TORCHES [T-toxoplasmosis, O-other (varicella zosters and parvo virus B19), R-rubella, C-cytomegalovirus, H-herpes simplex and S-syphilis] are a group of infections which the growing fetus contracts from its mother. They account for about 3% of all congenital anomalies. Their importance in the success of any pregnancy cannot be overemphasized, as they are known to cause stillbirth, miscarriages, and other terrible congenital complications in the baby. It is important that couples get screened for them before marriage and particularly before they try to conceive- almost all cases of the infection in the baby is gotten from the mother. The goal of screening is to diagnose parents who are infected with one or more of them and treat them promptly before marriage or conception.


#6. GENETIC SCREENING:
This is an extremely vital and recent test added to the list of tests. As it has been shown, some diseases are inherited from parents because of their genetic nature (i.e they are found in the genes of the parents). Diseases like cystic fibrosis, neurofibromatosis, Tay-Sacch's disease and a host of other terrible diseases are of genetic origin and transmitted from parents to their offsprings. By knowing whatever genetic ailments a couple harbours, they can undertake measures, like genetic engineering, to mitigate the risks of transmitting the ailment to their children.


#7. MENTAL HEALTH ASSESSMENT:
Countries like China and Malaysia and some Arab countries have made this test a mandatory premarital tests for all couples. However, even with its growing acceptance in other parts of the world, Africans have refused to acknowledge the importance of this test. Yet, its impact on marriages and relationships bears grave consequences. Mentally unstable people have been found to exhibit violent behaviours. Also, some mental ailments like bipolar disorder have been found to run in families-for example, children having at least one bipolar parent have a 10% risk of having the disease while children with both parents have the risk increased to 40%! If at all you are unperturbed about marrying a mentally unstable and violent man or woman, undertake this test for your unborn children.


#8. TEST FOR STDs:
STDs too? Yes! Take gonorrhoea for example- it is the commonest infective cause of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) which if left untreated can fester and result in infertility in the woman. Also, STDs have been linked with the transmission of HIV, and are also known to cause miscarriages. Just before you say, "Yes, I do", make sure you and your partner are not harbouring any STD or grudges, as the case may be.


#9. SREENING FOR CHRONIC DISEASES:
Chronic diseases like diabetes, hypertension, and heart conditions must be screened for. This is due to the fact that they negatively affect the outcome of a pregnancy. Any couple intending to marry must know their hypertensive and diabetic status because of the association of these conditions with infertility and high-risk pregnancies.


#10. THALASSEMIA TEST:
This is a test done to detect the thalassemia gene in a couple. Thalassemia is an inherited blood disorder characterized by the production of big, abnormal haemoglobins (the proteins that carries oxygen in the blood). Because they are not normal, red blood cells which carry these haemoglobins are constantly destroyed, leading to anaemia. With a test called haemoglobin electrophoresis, a couple can tell whether they carry the trait and if they do, they can implore assisted reproductive technology to prevent their babies from inheriting the disease.

You may also find useful, "PREGNANCY CHECKLIST: 7 IMPORTANT DISEASES YOU MUST GET SCREENED FOR" by clicking on this http://doctorshub.com.ng/2017/03/09/pregnancy-checklist-7-important-diseases-you-must-get-screened-for/.


Thanks for reading!




http://doctorshub.com.ng/2017/03/09/10-medical-tests-every-couple-must-do-before-marriage/

Damian2016:
Source: DoctorsHub Nigeria
​
On the 23rd of February, the Nigerian social media became innundate with the unfortunate news of Rukayya, a 4-year girl from Zaria, who got had her leg chopped off because the first hospital that had attended to her when she was taken there misdiagnosed her condition and instituted a treatment on her that resulted in complications. When eventually she was referred to the university teaching hospital, her condition had detoriated and her leg, which had been gangrenous from the botched mistreatment had to go so as to save her life. Rukayya's case, a very tragic one, is just one out of thousands of other similar cases where patients have been grossly misdiagnosed and subsequently made to suffer unjustly.

As expected, the tragic and disturbing news was met with public outcry and calls for the culprits to be apprehended and swiftly sanctioned. But really, what is the position of the law on the issue of misdiagnosis? What does the code of medical ethics say regarding a misdiagnosis? Can patients institute legal actions against doctors on the grounds of a missed diagnosis?


YES, THEY CAN...at least there is a legal provision for that.


But then, just before I explain the nuts and bolts of it, let me quickly make this crucial points:

-The majority of doctors have the best intentions and interest of their patients at heart. It is our desperate desire to see that patients get the best treatment and are able to get their lives back on track as quickly as possible. Most doctors strive to practise medicine according to the guiding principles of the code of medical ethics.

- Secondly, no profession is above mistakes. There are honest mistakes made in all fields of life. It is no different in the medical profession. Medicine recognizes the possiblity of these honest errors and as such, it is not uncommon for doctors to be occasionally pardoned after it has been established that any other doctor of requisite competence would also have made that mistake.


With that said, when and how exactly can one institute legal action against erring doctors who have been found culpable of gross medical negligence? What are the mechanisms that ensure the success of such a legal action? What must the plaintiff (patient) prove, beyond reasonable doubt, to be able to secure a win?

Truth be told: proving a case of misdiagnosis is a herculean task (no be beans, my broda). Before anyone can successfully sue his/her doctor for misdiagnosing him or her, it must first be incontrovertibly established that medical negligence was the result of the missed diagnosis and much more.

What does this mean?


Let me explain.....

Medical negligence is an act or omission (failure to act) by a medical professional that deviates from the ACCEPTED medical standard of care. Now, if you and your lawyer can prove beyond reasonable doubt that the said doctor is guilty of medical negligence, which eventually resulted in your been misdiagnosed, then you have got a case. But again, having a case doesn't mean you are going to win when you go to court. To win in a court of law, you must, after establishing medical negligence, be able to prove the following,


1. That what you are calling a misdiagnosis is actually a misdiagnosis:
Because a lot of medical conditions have their symptoms overlapping, this can also be a tricky one to prove. There are circumstances where any doctor, using his discretion under peculiar cases such as an emergency, can honestly make the mistake of diagnosing a condition as another condition because the two share extremely similar features. There is what is known as differential diagnosis in medicine. Differential diagnosis is the sum total of all the likely conditions that may be causing a patients symptoms. For example, severe chest pain can be caused by heart disease, stomach ulcer, acute pancreatitis, and a host of other conditions. These conditions are called differential diagnosis. Now, a doctor would usually eliminate all the impossibles and narrow the diagnosis to only the possibles and most likely of all. The process of elimination very often requires rigorous tests and examinations.

Often times, the patients are too indigent to afford the series of tests the doctor has outlined. When this happens, the doctor has little or northing to do than to use his own descretion, based on the symptoms and the few tests conducted to reach a diagnosis. Under such circumstances, it becomes very difficult to sue a doctor.....except his diagnosis and the real are so wide apart and have no correlation whatsoever in both symptoms tests findings.


2. That you were harmed or injured as result:
Can you prove beyond reasonable doubt that by misdiagnosing you, the doctor caused you harm or suffering? If yes, then good luck. You can slam him or her with litigations! If not, your case will be thrown out of court. What do I mean? If you come to the court and complain that a doctor misdiagnosed your migraine for something else, you must show that the misdiagnosis has caused you injury or suffering. It goes beyond proving a misdiagnosis ....you must also prove that the misdiagnosis caused you some harm. Without this, you cannot be able to win the case. In the case of poor Rukayya, she suffered serious and permanent injury, and as such, she has a watertight case against those reckless doctors should her parents decide to sue.


3. That the misdiagnosis resulted in over-treatment and payment of unnecessary medical fees:
If a doctor misdiagnosed a seemingly mild and easily treatable condition as something serious or life-threatening, like say, cancer, and you are subjected to chemotherapy or radiotherapy or some surgical procedure, you can sue that doctor if the medical fees incurred are disproportionately higher than the the fees for the missed diagnosis or if during the course of treating you, complications developed (e.g hairloss from chemotherapy, loss of a body organ or part from an unnecessary surgery).

NB: the issue of misdiagnosis is a very delicate one, especially in developing countries like Nigeria where the health system is in shambles and doctors are expected to work like magicians when diagnosing cases. For example, what can a doctor do in an emergency where the patients are too indigent to afford the necessary tests he or she has been asked to do? If a doctor was to use his discretion under such peculiar conditions, would he or she still be found wanting? Except our health system is made to work, the issue of misdiagnosis will always remain a difficult one to prove.

With that said, there are very clear instances when a doctor errs as result of gross negligence (e.g he or she was drunk while reaching a diagnosis) and not necessarily due to lack of medical facilities or resources for enabling his/her accurate diagnosis. For such a doctor, the his/her negligence can be found actionable by a competent court of law.


Also read, "THE TWO TIMES DOCTORS CAN SUE THEIR PATIENTS" via this http://doctorshub.com.ng/2017/02/28/the-two-times-doctors-can-sue-their-patients/.


Thanks for reading!



http://doctorshub.com.ng/2017/03/06/can-i-sue-my-doctor-for-misdiagnosing-me/

Damian2016:
Source: DoctorsHub Nigeria
​
On the 23rd of February, the Nigerian social media became innundate with the unfortunate news of Rukayya, a 4-year girl from Zaria, who got had her leg chopped off because the first hospital that had attended to her when she was taken there misdiagnosed her condition and instituted a treatment on her that resulted in complications. When eventually she was referred to the university teaching hospital, her condition had detoriated and her leg, which had been gangrenous from the botched mistreatment had to go so as to save her life. Rukayya's case, a very tragic one, is just one out of thousands of other similar cases where patients have been grossly misdiagnosed and subsequently made to suffer unjustly.

As expected, the tragic and disturbing news was met with public outcry and calls for the culprits to be apprehended and swiftly sanctioned. But really, what is the position of the law on the issue of misdiagnosis? What does the code of medical ethics say regarding a misdiagnosis? Can patients institute legal actions against doctors on the grounds of a missed diagnosis?


YES, THEY CAN...at least there is a legal provision for that.


But then, just before I explain the nuts and bolts of it, let me quickly make this crucial points:

-The majority of doctors have the best intentions and interest of their patients at heart. It is our desperate desire to see that patients get the best treatment and are able to get their lives back on track as quickly as possible. Most doctors strive to practise medicine according to the guiding principles of the code of medical ethics.

- Secondly, no profession is above mistakes. There are honest mistakes made in all fields of life. It is no different in the medical profession. Medicine recognizes the possiblity of these honest errors and as such, it is not uncommon for doctors to be occasionally pardoned after it has been established that any other doctor of requisite competence would also have made that mistake.


With that said, when and how exactly can one institute legal action against erring doctors who have been found culpable of gross medical negligence? What are the mechanisms that ensure the success of such a legal action? What must the plaintiff (patient) prove, beyond reasonable doubt, to be able to secure a win?

Truth be told: proving a case of misdiagnosis is a herculean task (no be beans, my broda). Before anyone can successfully sue his/her doctor for misdiagnosing him or her, it must first be incontrovertibly established that medical negligence was the result of the missed diagnosis and much more.

What does this mean?


Let me explain.....

Medical negligence is an act or omission (failure to act) by a medical professional that deviates from the ACCEPTED medical standard of care. Now, if you and your lawyer can prove beyond reasonable doubt that the said doctor is guilty of medical negligence, which eventually resulted in your been misdiagnosed, then you have got a case. But again, having a case doesn't mean you are going to win when you go to court. To win in a court of law, you must, after establishing medical negligence, be able to prove the following,


1. That what you are calling a misdiagnosis is actually a misdiagnosis:
Because a lot of medical conditions have their symptoms overlapping, this can also be a tricky one to prove. There are circumstances where any doctor, using his discretion under peculiar cases such as an emergency, can honestly make the mistake of diagnosing a condition as another condition because the two share extremely similar features. There is what is known as differential diagnosis in medicine. Differential diagnosis is the sum total of all the likely conditions that may be causing a patients symptoms. For example, severe chest pain can be caused by heart disease, stomach ulcer, acute pancreatitis, and a host of other conditions. These conditions are called differential diagnosis. Now, a doctor would usually eliminate all the impossibles and narrow the diagnosis to only the possibles and most likely of all. The process of elimination very often requires rigorous tests and examinations.

Often times, the patients are too indigent to afford the series of tests the doctor has outlined. When this happens, the doctor has little or northing to do than to use his own descretion, based on the symptoms and the few tests conducted to reach a diagnosis. Under such circumstances, it becomes very difficult to sue a doctor.....except his diagnosis and the real are so wide apart and have no correlation whatsoever in both symptoms tests findings.


2. That you were harmed or injured as result:
Can you prove beyond reasonable doubt that by misdiagnosing you, the doctor caused you harm or suffering? If yes, then good luck. You can slam him or her with litigations! If not, your case will be thrown out of court. What do I mean? If you come to the court and complain that a doctor misdiagnosed your migraine for something else, you must show that the misdiagnosis has caused you injury or suffering. It goes beyond proving a misdiagnosis ....you must also prove that the misdiagnosis caused you some harm. Without this, you cannot be able to win the case. In the case of poor Rukayya, she suffered serious and permanent injury, and as such, she has a watertight case against those reckless doctors should her parents decide to sue.


3. That the misdiagnosis resulted in over-treatment and payment of unnecessary medical fees:
If a doctor misdiagnosed a seemingly mild and easily treatable condition as something serious or life-threatening, like say, cancer, and you are subjected to chemotherapy or radiotherapy or some surgical procedure, you can sue that doctor if the medical fees incurred are disproportionately higher than the the fees for the missed diagnosis or if during the course of treating you, complications developed (e.g hairloss from chemotherapy, loss of a body organ or part from an unnecessary surgery).

NB: the issue of misdiagnosis is a very delicate one, especially in developing countries like Nigeria where the health system is in shambles and doctors are expected to work like magicians when diagnosing cases. For example, what can a doctor do in an emergency where the patients are too indigent to afford the necessary tests he or she has been asked to do? If a doctor was to use his discretion under such peculiar conditions, would he or she still be found wanting? Except our health system is made to work, the issue of misdiagnosis will always remain a difficult one to prove.

With that said, there are very clear instances when a doctor errs as result of gross negligence (e.g he or she was drunk while reaching a diagnosis) and not necessarily due to lack of medical facilities or resources for enabling his/her accurate diagnosis. For such a doctor, the his/her negligence can be found actionable by a competent court of law.


Also read, "THE TWO TIMES DOCTORS CAN SUE THEIR PATIENTS" via this http://doctorshub.com.ng/2017/02/28/the-two-times-doctors-can-sue-their-patients/.


Thanks for reading!



http://doctorshub.com.ng/2017/03/06/can-i-sue-my-doctor-for-misdiagnosing-me/
Posts like this one should always make FP! Very informative. Thanks OP

funmisticqueen:
Pls op when are you going to write an article about 5 mistakes doctors can sue patients for. I sincerely hope one of them is giving false information as presenting complaint. Medicne as a profession has taught me that nigerians are innate liars. A man would to the hospital with STI and tell the doctor that he is urinating too much. A woman will come to the hospital looking for the friut of the womb and will tell the doctor that she has come to the hospital because of stomach ache. In my exam a woman was looking for a child and came complaining of neck pain see me taking her history now, when i was presenting and my examiner asked her if neck pain was her real complaint, that is how the woman denied me o and said no, i nearly failed that exam. We doctors have a lot cut out for us and some of you patients are dificult.there was this case in a teaching hospital in lagos of a woman who was sick with chronic kidney disease, her relatives kept telling the doctors that they had no money, the doctors did all they could even contributed money but lost her, 2 day after her death the relatives came with 2 lawyers demanding for an autopsy, where did they get money for the lawyer, nigerians have bad attitude towards health and doctors and that is why the smart ones leave this country to go abroad. A colleague told me while in med school that anyone who wants to practice in nigeria is high on crack. The replies of nigerians in this thread have made me realise that he has a point. Continue o. Very soon only quacks, nurses and pharmacists will be treating you when there will be only a handful of doctors or none at all to treat you.

innovate3751:
1 - 1. Let's see who will win! Nice post tho

SonofHim:
Chief I present cephalic.

I almost failed my final year exam in surgery because in long case I clerked a woman who presented with an anterior neck mass and failed to do a breast examination. The examiner was furious and and gave me a lecture on missed opportunities.

Its not out of place to do a breast examination with consent and a chaperone based on those presentations... infact you said it all.

Ayosh:
this is absolutely shocking! You came here to buttress a point which originally isn't yours and ended up unnecesarily berating a fellow human in the process. I dare say is this how you talk down on your patients when they have a contrasting opinion? Quite frankly I don't see what the man has said that warrants this dehumanising tirade.

Regarding the bone of contention, my own opinion is we all have our approaches to arriving at diagnoses and this is largely dependent on individual patients peculiarities and the clinical setting. This isnt medical school; a practiced doctor has to be able to tailor his history taking and examinations to align with patients peculiarities or the purpose of history taking is defeated.

However if in the doctors thinking there is a further need to probe into systems outside of the patient primary complains then explicit explanations is offered as to why.

In all, nobody likes their body to be poked over at each visits to the hospital over complaint of cough but as clinician if we feel it would help us or the patient then a thorough systems examination is always good only after letting the patient know what we are thinking.

fadre5:
i was hoping to see Bananas...

decatalyst:
What of garri?

It's the best food of studenta, especially when money don finish towards test and exams.

Walahi, garri and cold water works best for the students' brain