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Obstructive Sleep Apnea Hypopnea Syndrome
GC Mbata and JC Chukwuka1
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This article has been cited by other articles in PMC.
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Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is an important medical condition which is on the increase in the past 50 years. It causes significant morbidity and mortality in both developed and developing nations of the world. To review the relevant literature on obstructive sleep apnea. Literature review was carried out on the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, complications, diagnostic modalities, and treatment using computerized search. Additional information was obtained by cross referencing and using texts and journals in the medical libraries of Federal Medical Centre Owerri and University of Nigeria, Enugu. Most of the literature was from developed countries, with very few reports from Africa. Comprehensive management plan was lacking in many textbooks. OSAHS is an increasing medical and, more importantly, respiratory condition across the world. Early recognition and prompt appropriate intervention measures will reduce the mortality and improve the quality of life in patients with such conditions.
Keywords: Obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome, Apnea, Hyponea treatment
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Introduction
Obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is an important medical condition brought to limelight in the last five decades.[1] It is a major cause of morbidity and significant cause of mortality worldwide, including developed and developing nations. A survey done in Abuja, Nigeria,[2] showed that OSAHS may be a more common medical problem than previously imagined. It is a common cause of daytime sleepiness. As the prevalence of obesity and overweight increases in both developed and developing nations of the world, the medical and, more importantly, respiratory implications are often underestimated.[3] Patients with this condition present to the clinician and early recognition and effective management of this condition will improve the patients’ quality of life.
This review provides information for the clinicians assessing patients with OSAHS. It discusses the definition, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, complications, polysomnography findings, and treatment of OSAHS.
Apnea refers to a pause in respiration for more than 10 seconds and is seen in both central sleep apnea (CSA) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). They are differentiated by a lack of respiratory effort in CSA versus continued but ineffective respiratory effort in OSA. Hypopnea is defined as reduction in ventilation of at least 50% that results in a decrease in arterial saturation of 4% or more due to partial airway obstruction.[1,4]
OSAHS is a syndrome associated with characteristic clinical picture and specific abnormalities on assessment. In OSAHS, there is repetitive collapse of the upper airway, which may be either partial or total resulting in hypopnea or apnea, respectively; during sleep, it occurs more than five times per hour (apnea–hypopnea index (AHI)).[3]
Review Methods
Literature review was carried out on the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, complications, diagnostic modalities, and treatment using internet Google search PubMed and Henari. Additional information was obtained by cross referencing and using texts and journals in the medical libraries of Federal Medical Centre Owerri and University of Nigeria Enugu.
Go to:
Pathophysiology
Apnea and hypopnea are caused by the airway being sucked close on inspiration during sleep. This occurs as the upper airway dilating muscles, which are also striated muscles, normally relax during sleep. In patients with OSAHS, the dilating muscles can no longer successfully oppose negative pressure within the airway during inspiration.[1] The patients have narrow upper airways. The airway is kept patent by the dilating muscles which have higher than normal activity during wakefulness. But during sleep,

Are there any Obstructive Sleep Apnea sufferers out there.

Looking to buy a Cpap machine
For more info ,
please call
07020156170 or 08080586388

Do you know anyone suffering from obstructive sleep apnea.
Pls we will like to hear from them

have you ever sat down to wonder why you snore heavily? why your spouse or sleeping partner complains of you snoring so heavily that you keep them awake at night?. most people never stop to think about this question because they feel snoring is normal and even those that do try to think about it just writes it off telling themselves it's because i work too hard during the day.

Yes, of course snoring can be caused by stress but those are mild cases of snoring. when you start snoring and it keeps people you share a bed with awake during the night, then you need to check yourself as you might have a condition called SLEEP APNEA.


Sleep apnea is a breathing disorder that affects your breathing when you sleep. snoring loudly, insomnia, day time sleepiness, sluggishness and poor concentration are all symptoms associated with sleep apnea. untreated sleep apnea causes you to snore loudly, your breathing stops or becomes very shallow and these cases of stopped breathing can occur at least 10-20 seconds at a time.

there are three types of sleep apnea which are;

obstructive sleep apnea: this is the most common type of sleep apnea that occurs when the soft tissues at the back of your throat relax during sleep therefore, blocking your airways. this is what is responsible for the snoring.

central sleep apnea: this type is the least common type of sleep apnea that occurs when your brain refuses to send the necessary signal to muscles that control breathing. people with this type of sleep apnea rarely snore.

complex sleep apnea: this is mainly the combination of both obstructive sleep apnea and central sleep apnea. also known as treatment emergent sleep apnea.

trying to identify sleep apnea on your own can be pretty difficult since you experience most symptoms when you are asleep. you can get over this difficulty by asking your bed partner to observe your sleeping habits or get your doctor to help you. also, the symptoms of thie types of sleep apnea overlap and you might not be able to tell which is which. the general symptoms of sleep apnea are; loud snoring, episodes of breath seizure during sleep, morning headache, irritability, daytime fatigue, impotence, waking up with dry mouth or sore throat, depression, moodiness or irritability and attention problems.

causes of sleep apnea are varies and are associated to the following risk factors;

obstructive sleep apnea; overweight,thick neck circumference, being a male, family history and narrow airway.

central sleep apnea; heart disorder, being old, stroke and use of narcotics.

when you have sleep apnea, you tend to have the following complications;heart problems, fatigue, complications during surgeries or medication.

you can help yourself get rid of sleep apnea by; simple change of life style like; losing weight, exercising,quit smoking, avoid alcohol, avoid use of narcotics and pain killers. you can also try chewing a gum before sleeping as it helps tightening your mouth muscles.

the above solutions would only work for mild cases of sleep apnea. for more severe cases of sleep apnea, you need to get medical cure. medical cures include; continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) which is the use of a machine that delivers air pressure through a mask placed over your head.that helps to keep your upper airway passage open to prevent snoring since the air pressure is greater that that of the surrounding. you can also employ the use of various oral appliances that are designed to keep your mouth open to allow breathing. you can also try surgery as a last resort after trying every other thing.




for more information on sleep apnea and how to cure it, google is your friend.

Hi

This is a life taker

I had a friend who died of a heart attack in the early hours of the morning.
Like 5am

lucane:

For more info , please call 08080586388



Obstructive Sleep Apnea Hypopnea Syndrome
GC Mbata and JC Chukwuka1
Author information ► Copyright and License information ►
This article has been cited by other articles in PMC.
Go to:
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is an important medical condition which is on the increase in the past 50 years. It causes significant morbidity and mortality in both developed and developing nations of the world. To review the relevant literature on obstructive sleep apnea. Literature review was carried out on the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, complications, diagnostic modalities, and treatment using computerized search. Additional information was obtained by cross referencing and using texts and journals in the medical libraries of Federal Medical Centre Owerri and University of Nigeria, Enugu. Most of the literature was from developed countries, with very few reports from Africa. Comprehensive management plan was lacking in many textbooks. OSAHS is an increasing medical and, more importantly, respiratory condition across the world. Early recognition and prompt appropriate intervention measures will reduce the mortality and improve the quality of life in patients with such conditions.
Keywords: Obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome, Apnea, Hyponea treatment
Go to:
Introduction
Obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is an important medical condition brought to limelight in the last five decades.[1] It is a major cause of morbidity and significant cause of mortality worldwide, including developed and developing nations. A survey done in Abuja, Nigeria,[2] showed that OSAHS may be a more common medical problem than previously imagined. It is a common cause of daytime sleepiness. As the prevalence of obesity and overweight increases in both developed and developing nations of the world, the medical and, more importantly, respiratory implications are often underestimated.[3] Patients with this condition present to the clinician and early recognition and effective management of this condition will improve the patients’ quality of life.
This review provides information for the clinicians assessing patients with OSAHS. It discusses the definition, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, complications, polysomnography findings, and treatment of OSAHS.
Apnea refers to a pause in respiration for more than 10 seconds and is seen in both central sleep apnea (CSA) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). They are differentiated by a lack of respiratory effort in CSA versus continued but ineffective respiratory effort in OSA. Hypopnea is defined as reduction in ventilation of at least 50% that results in a decrease in arterial saturation of 4% or more due to partial airway obstruction.[1,4]
OSAHS is a syndrome associated with characteristic clinical picture and specific abnormalities on assessment. In OSAHS, there is repetitive collapse of the upper airway, which may be either partial or total resulting in hypopnea or apnea, respectively; during sleep, it occurs more than five times per hour (apnea–hypopnea index (AHI)).[3]
Review Methods
Literature review was carried out on the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, complications, diagnostic modalities, and treatment using internet Google search PubMed and Henari. Additional information was obtained by cross referencing and using texts and journals in the medical libraries of Federal Medical Centre Owerri and University of Nigeria Enugu.
Go to:
Pathophysiology
Apnea and hypopnea are caused by the airway being sucked close on inspiration during sleep. This occurs as the upper airway dilating muscles, which are also striated muscles, normally relax during sleep. In patients with OSAHS, the dilating muscles can no longer successfully oppose negative pressure within the airway during inspiration.[1] The patients have narrow upper airways. The airway is kept patent by the dilating muscles which have higher than normal activity during wakefulness. But during sleep,

Hello I have these symptoms of sleep apnea, what can you do to help??

Call me or Send a text message to 08080586388
Siting breathing issues and I will be able to advise you on the way forward

Sleep apnea symptoms can be noticed by the person experiencing the sleep disorders or by other persons. They include loud snoring, periods of cessation of breaths. Clink on the link below to read more on sleep apnea, their causes and treatments.
http://www.gigihealth.com/sleep-apnea-symptoms-do-you-snore-while-sleeping/

Any questions

Cpap machines available

Hello,
Have you got the CPAP machines available in nigeria? I would be pleased to reach you. How can I reach you?