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The Difference Between HND And BSC Is Discrimination - Wole Soyinka - Education (2) - Nairaland

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Difference Between Bsc And Bsc (hons) / OPINION: 8 Reasons Why Bsc Is Superior To HND / Why The Discrimination Between Hnd Holders And Bsc Holders (2) (3) (4)

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Re: The Difference Between HND And BSC Is Discrimination - Wole Soyinka by Ayomi088(m): 1:53am On Oct 27, 2014
OK
Re: The Difference Between HND And BSC Is Discrimination - Wole Soyinka by JayKaba(m): 5:24am On Oct 27, 2014
I agree with the reasoning of prof. Soyinka. We have a govt. (especially legislators) that are insensitive to their responsibilities. The barrier has been identified but nobody is willing to take the necessary step(s) to rectify the situation.

The first professor of Mining Engineering in Nigeria (currently at FUTA) started with a HND in Mining Engineering. He defied all odds to attain the highest level of academics because he was given a level playing field in another country.

BSc - HND discriminatory issue has been on since as long as I can remember, over 20 years. The people that know what to do have either refused or have been frustrated by the lackadaisical attitude of the relevant authorities.
Re: The Difference Between HND And BSC Is Discrimination - Wole Soyinka by jobberman247: 5:57am On Oct 27, 2014
Why are the bsc e-warriors on nairaland not coming out to counter what the prof said.

They would probably say "issalie, he did not say that" or "source or I donbilivit" and other derogatory stuffs.

When the truth stares us in the face, we tend to look for where to hide. The government has since failed in discharging their responsibilities and now that someone has helped them highlight the major issues. They still would act like it never came to light.

By the way, what is Seun Osewa doing to move this to the front page for the world to see. Or is he discriminating also?
Re: The Difference Between HND And BSC Is Discrimination - Wole Soyinka by kayusbrown(m): 10:07am On Oct 27, 2014
It takes integrity to rise above primordial sentiments and say the truth the way it is. Didn't expect anything less from the Prof. Some of his bigoted colleagues and students are now covering their face in shame. We all know the Nigerian HND is a threat to bachelor's degree. I'll be back with a short story on how this whole discrimination started in the Engineering field and spread to other areas.

Here is the story. I tried summarizing it but I felt that will amount to watering it down. So don't mind the length:

Engineering Education trails far behind all other branches in Nigeria, and the first attempt whatsoever made at grappling with the challenge of modern technology in the country came as a result of the welfare act passed by the British government in 1940. It was on the basis’ of this act that the Nigerian Ten-year Technical Education Development Plan was formulated in 1944. In 1948, the Yaba Higher College (started about 1930) was broken up and the departments were transferred to form the nucleus of the University College Ibadan.

What remained of the Higher College was renamed Yaba Technical Institute to give practical expression to the new Technical Education Development Plan. Technical Education was then a novelty in the country and the government had to bring together various training centres being run by public departments to form the Yaba Technical Institute. Such centres included the Lands and Survey Training Centre which started in 1908, Marine in 1928, the P.W.D. in 1931, the Post and Telegraphs also in 1931 and the Railways in 1942.

[b]Why did our Colonial Masters give engineering education a separate and distinct development plan? Why was a faculty of engineering not introduced along with other disciplines at the inception of Ibadan University College? Different people have different ways of looking at these questions, but with the benefit of a hindsight, two reasons can now be positively adduced. In the first place if the University of Ibadan had to turn out graduate engineers in the early fifties, there would have been no industries to absorb such graduates. Secondly and most importantly, however, such modus operandi would have to run counter to established British tradition in the development of education.

In early days in Britain, every student engineer starts his career by first receiving a sound practical training under factory conditions, and progresses along professional ladder depending on individual talent, intellect and interest. The situation was such that nobody graduated to a professional engineer without indomitable bent in the practicals.[/b]


Even after the second world war, Britain adopted massive training of engineering personnel through full-time, part-time evening/day release courses in Technical Colleges to make-up for shortage of manpower in engineering industries leading to ONC/OND qualifications in engineering with sound practical know-how. The British track of development was undoubtedly what our colonial Masters envisaged in their ten-year technical education progranmme for Nigeria. Certainly, in ten years, with little attention, the Yaba Technical Institute would have been ripe enough to turn out its first batch of authentic Nigerian engineers trained to the 1st degree level while at the same time providing enough manpower at the middle-level cadre. This is in fact the practice in Britain and throughout Europe.

However, in the Nigerian history, which is now being reviewed, partly because our colonial Masters saw Africa foremost as raw materials workshop, and partly due to our own defective sense of appreciation. Technical Education was never developed in Nigeria.

Yaba Technical Institute was allowed to suffer a slow and emaciated growth. Ten years went by, but nothing was again heard of the ten-year development plan. The attitude ran through a span of almost one and half decades, and up to the dawn of our independence.

Immediately, after independence a floodgate of University campuses was thrown open, with the University of Lagos coming into existence by an act of Parliament in 1960. Nsukka, Ahmadu Bello University and Ife followed in quick succession. Nigerians had known the pride of wearing academic robe in law and Theology but they seemed to have totally forgotten that in Engineering, the hood does not make the monk.

Indeed, all the Universities came up with facilities in engineering, thus bringing an upsurge of entrants into engineering profession at the graduate level. Two things had immediately gone wrong. In less than ten years after independence, the nation was already filled with graduate engineers who were in actual fact no more than Science boys - because in the words of Professor Terry, “nobody ever learnt engineering from a book anymore than that a person ever acquired the art of swimming or bicycling theoretically in an armchair”.


Second wrong thing was the irony of building a house from roof top. As it were, Nigeria had succeeded in building an economy with the apex of technical manpower cadre overcrowded, and the middle level none-existent. Soon, questions were being raised about the quality of locally trained engineers, while the dearth of middle level manpower was embarrassingly acute.

Government started looking for solutions. Everybody knew quite well that solution lies in restructuring our system of engineering education; but from where do we start? Suddenly, it appeared the policy makers decided that the solutions start and end with restructuring the old Yaba Technical Institute but which had by 1963 metamorphosed into Yaba College of Technology. Many reasons were advanced:-

Firstly, records showed that the Yaba Technical Institute at its inauguration in 1948 was intended to produce the middle level man-power requirements of the country. The first solution to solving the problem of middle level manpower shortage therefore is to keep ‘Yaba’ well within its defined objectives of over 30 years back.

This view was sold to government, and it was generously accepted. There seemed to be no single person to recall that a ten-year technical education development plan should at the close of the planned period be able to produce very high level technological manpower.

Secondly, having regards to the nation’s poor technological performance, the source was almost certainly traced again to the College of Technology curriculum. Various papers were presented to show that Yaba boys were doing too much theory. This has to be cut to size while emphasis must be on the practical skills.

The arguments were as maliciously unsound as they were curiously illogical, but yet they held sway. In retrospect, it would seem so strange that in all this, the university engineering curriculum was left severely alone. In the ostensible quest for solution to acute shortage of middle level manpower, hilarious and rather effective propaganda was mounted to ensure that all products of Yaba College of Technology at whatever level were tagged middle-level manpower.

Technology students stood against all the onslaught. Very bold and daring attacks were actually launched to destroy the new enviable status of the Institution, but it was like trying to obliterate Mounts Olympus from the surface of the earth - for the 1968 College of Technology graduates are definitely not the same as the 1948 pioneers; not only have they now the right training, but theirs is a professional struggle and they have fought it to the surface.

Indeed, Technological education had already taken a firm and solid shape in Nigeria. The Old Yaba Technical Institute has yielded place to Technical Colleges as the main centres for the production of middle-level manpower; and it equally turns out a cream of Ordinary Diploma graduates in the middle level cadre. The Higher Diploma which is now the highest qualification being awarded had been hard worn and the battle to retain and enhance it continues till this day.

It has to be recalled that the renaming of Yaba Technical Institute as Yaba College of Technology in 1963 was itself not done until a very hot students’ agitation. The renaming brought in its wake the enrolment of students for the Higher Technician Diploma of the City and Guilds of London.

Still in research of progress, Yaba students went on strike again in 1969 calling for the abrogation of the Higher Technician Diploma and autonomy for the College. In July 1969, Decree No. 23 was promulgated after students’ agitation which necessitated shutting down the institution for five weeks! The old Technical Institute has at last graduated into motherhood.

Section 1 (a) of Decree 23 of July 1969 states:-
“To provide courses of Instruction, Training and RESEARCH in Applied Science, Technology, Commerce, Management, and such other field of learning as the Council may from time to time determine”.

A comparison of Decree 23 of 1969 which re-established the Yaba College of Technology with the University of Lagos Decree 3 of 1967 is quite revealing:-
1 (3) The objects of the University shall be:-
1 (3) (b) “To provide courses of instruction and other facilities for the pursuit of learning in all its branches, and to make those facilities available on proper terms to such persons as are equipped to benefit from them”.
1 (3) (c) “To encourage, promote and conduct research in all fields of learning and human endeavor”

The Decree 23 of 1969 was nothing but a fulfillment of the philosophy that gave birth to polytechnic education the world over and it was indicative of the level of technological development in post-independence Nigeria.

In the early 70’s, many of the product of Yaba College of Technology graduated with H.N.D. certificates were accepted and worked in companies as Engineers. In those days also after the Nigerian Civil War, developments was going on in all aspects of the nation’s economy, and as such, the early professional returnees from the U.K. and other oversea countries established consultancy firms in the country with H.N.D. /H.N.C. holders from the U.K. and Yaba College of Technology employed in their firms as Engineers, and were performing creditably well.

Soon after, Council of Registered Engineers of Nigeria (COREN) was established, and was then strongly believed it was through the assistance of members of Nigerian Society of Engineers. This belief was soon confirmed when COREN Decree of 1970 was obtained, with Newspaper publications coupled with direct letters to Government Ministries and companies, limiting only holders of B.Sc. qualifications to be employed as engineers.

That action was seen as discriminations against graduates of Colleges of Technology and Polytechnics.

Source: [url] http://www.nateonline.org/History.asp[/url]


Those letters sent out by COREN to Government Ministries and Companies to employ only B.Sc. holder as Engineers, institutionalized and entrenched the discrimination! Nothing motivated those letters other than VENDETTA! There was rivalry between the two categories of Engineers before the formation of COREN. As a result of that rivalry, a homogenous professional body could not be formed hence there was NIGERIAN SOCIETY OF ENGINEERS (for degree holders) and NIGERIAN SOCIETY OF TECHNOLOGICAL ENGINEERS (for HND holders). Employers preferred the HND holders because of their practical depth. In fact the failure of the first sets of "Engineers" churned out by the Universities to live up to expectation necessitated the development of the HND programme in the polytechnic as buttressed in the above article.

Instead of developing another diploma programme (the HND), the sane thing to do then was to upgrade YABATECH and other polytechnics to degree awarding institutions and ultimately Universities of Technology, but those who feel Polytechnics must continue to wear the toga of "middle level manpower" institutions never welcomed that idea. This same title of "middle level manpower" which originally belongs to the ORDINARY NATIONAL DIPLOMA graduates of Polytechnics was then extended to HIGHER NATIONAL DIPLOMA HOLDERS who, by all academic standards and justifications, are at par with their University counterparts. Following the relegation of engineering graduates of polytechnics to the background by COREN, graduates in other fields from the polytechnics were also placed under their university counterparts.

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Re: The Difference Between HND And BSC Is Discrimination - Wole Soyinka by goldfish80(m): 10:26am On Oct 27, 2014
People talking about jamb cut off marks being unequal in both institutions are oblivious of the fact that poly students have to take another entry exam to get re-admited to study for Hnd after coming back from their internship program.
A poly student must have made a cumulative larger score in both jamb and Hnd entry exam than a university student who scored 300 in jamb.
Just another perspective to the argument.
Re: The Difference Between HND And BSC Is Discrimination - Wole Soyinka by kayusbrown(m): 11:01am On Oct 27, 2014
goldfish80:
People talking about jamb cut off marks being unequal in both institutions are oblivious of the fact that poly students have to take another entry exam to get re-admited to study for Hnd after coming back from their internship program.
A poly student must have made a cumulative larger score in both jamb and Hnd entry exam than a university student who scored 300 in jamb.
Just another perspective to the argument.

The JAMB cut-off issue is where the entrenched discrimination starts from. It's just plain hypocrisy. You call an exam a UNIFIED exam yet there is discrepancy in cut-off marks for institutions. The case is even more pathetic for Colleges of Education, that is now unattractive to serious students because of the ugly cut-off. A complete system overhaul is urgently needed before this madness goes out of hand.
Re: The Difference Between HND And BSC Is Discrimination - Wole Soyinka by corperscorner: 11:29am On Oct 27, 2014
kayusbrown:


The JAMB cut-off issue is where the entrenched discrimination starts from. It's just plain hypocrisy. You call an exam a UNIFIED exam yet there is discrepancy in cut-off marks for institutions. The case is even more pathetic for Colleges of Education, that is now unattractive to serious students because of the ugly cut-off. A complete system overhaul is urgently needed before this madness goes out of hand.

The madness had since gone out of hand.

Apparently, what makes the matter worse is the useless rants amongst their university counterparts; who claim they are superior.

Superior in what sense? that they feel insecure should the inequality be abolished or that they do not look inwards to develop themselves and instead, hope on securing a white-collar job in an establishment that was probably set-up by a layman who never attended any institution.

People are just not ready to embrace the truth.

I must say, during my stay at the polytechnic, I was made to take courses like Chemistry and Psychology despite being a Business administration student. All that was just to keep us in the know of things happening across other spheres.

I am not a computer programmer, but the ICT orientation I had alongside my course in the Polytechnic, has gotten me exposed to things that any programmer or web designer just can't come out to speak jargons to me. I was given exposure to stuffs.

Show me the Universities that offer courses like Chemistry/Physics to students studying Business Administration at the moment; before telling me about standards.

I have been to both. I know what true standard is. The Government is just not serious.

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Re: The Difference Between HND And BSC Is Discrimination - Wole Soyinka by corperscorner: 11:44am On Oct 27, 2014
kayusbrown:
It takes integrity to rise above primordial sentiments and say the truth the way it is. Didn't expect anything less from the Prof. Some of his bigoted colleagues and students are now covering their face in shame. We all know the Nigerian HND is a threat to bachelor's degree. I'll be back with a short story on how this whole discrimination started in the Engineering field and spread to other areas.

Dont keep us waiting for too long...lol

cool
Re: The Difference Between HND And BSC Is Discrimination - Wole Soyinka by IrunOBO: 11:54am On Oct 27, 2014
It takes the grace of God and diligence to get granted admission to study HND as an OND holder.

Some polytechnics would clearly state that IF YOU DO NOT HAVE A MINIMUM OF UPPER CREDIT you are not eligible to further to HND. While some still consider those with Lower credit in their OND.

So tell me, what would have been the fate of those that graduated from the university with a 3rd Class (ECONOMY) or 2:2 (ON TRIAL) if they were in polytechnics. Their type would probably be advised to withdraw in their first year while those that struggled to graduate with a 2:2 would probably be very lucky to get a lower credit.

Poly no be beans. Thats where the work is. The appreciation is just absent.

If the conditions for HND being incorporated as a yardstick to an OND holder for academic furtherance is being implemented in Universities. [size=15pt]WE WOULD HAVE A LOT OF DROP-OUTS IN NIGERIA THAN THE NUMBER OF STUDENTS APPLYING FOR JAMB EVERY YEAR.[/size]

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Re: The Difference Between HND And BSC Is Discrimination - Wole Soyinka by goldfish80(m): 12:02pm On Oct 27, 2014
kayusbrown:


The JAMB cut-off issue is where the entrenched discrimination starts from. It's just plain hypocrisy. You call an exam a UNIFIED exam yet there is discrepancy in cut-off marks for institutions. The case is even more pathetic for Colleges of Education, that is now unattractive to serious students because of the ugly cut-off. A complete system overhaul is urgently needed before this madness goes out of hand.
Sorry to say but ure actually missing my point. The polytech students jamb cut off mark is actually for admission into ND program after which the student get OND cert. To get Hnd, the student have to re-apply and re-take an entry examination with his/her OND certificate in hand to gain admission for Hnd program. So cumulatively the polytech student must have passed through more stringent process to get a Hnd cert than his university counterpart.
That's my angle to the argument.
Re: The Difference Between HND And BSC Is Discrimination - Wole Soyinka by kayusbrown(m): 1:29pm On Oct 27, 2014
goldfish80:

Sorry to say but ure actually missing my point. The polytech students jamb cut off mark is actually for admission into ND program after which the student get OND cert. To get Hnd, the student have to re-apply and re-take an entry examination with his/her OND certificate in hand to gain admission for Hnd program. So cumulatively the polytech student must have passed through more stringent process to get a Hnd cert than his university counterpart.
That's my angle to the argument.

I agree with you bro but the prejudiced minds won't see it that way. I was just trying to point out the root of the prejudice against HND holders. The perception is that since the JAMB cut-off mark for the ND that feeds the HND programme is below that of the University, then the HND programme also bears the baggage that comes with the low ND requirement. That's why the ridiculous discrepancy in the JAMB cut-off must be stopped otherwise they should stop calling the exam a UNIFIED exam. The facts speak for itself:

1. Some polytechnic students scored far above their university counterparts but where denied university admission for frivolous reasons.
2. Some polytechnics still insist on the minimum cut-off mark for Universities as their own minimum entry requirement.
3. JAMB only exists to streamline admission seekers to a number that can be accommodated by the limited capacities in our tertiary institutions. O'level is the fundamental requirement for admission into any tertiary institutions and the O'level requirements is the same 5 credit passes across all institutions.
Re: The Difference Between HND And BSC Is Discrimination - Wole Soyinka by akinsadeez(m): 1:52pm On Oct 27, 2014
The discrimination is really bad and I honestly feel for those students who go through the rigours of a polytechnic only to come out and be made to feel inferior to their peers.

However, even the polytechnics are not helping themselves. A polytechnic lecturer was brought on a radio station last weekend to comment on this raging issue. He however disclosed the fact that even the polytechnics are discriminating against themselves. He narrated his own story about how he was denied promotion in his own department in the polytechnic because he did not have a university degree. His colleagues in the department who had additional university degrees were promoted. He was denied the promotion until he went to back to get a degree from a university. This was despite the fact that he had two masters already. I was later to discover that this is quite rampant in polytechnics. Lecturers and staff who have additional university degrees move up the ladder rapidly in the polytechnics than their counterparts.

Now, how can Polytechnics expect people to treat them equally when they themselves do not value their certificate.? How can people rate their graduates on par when they do not rate their own graduates at par.
Charity they say begins at home. In this fight against discrimination, Polytechnics should first look inwards before looking outwards.
Re: The Difference Between HND And BSC Is Discrimination - Wole Soyinka by kayusbrown(m): 2:20pm On Oct 27, 2014
akinsadeez:
The discrimination is really bad and I honestly feel for those students who go through the rigours of a polytechnic only to come out and be made to feel inferior to their peers.

However, even the polytechnics are not helping themselves. A polytechnic lecturer was brought on a radio station last weekend to comment on this raging issue. He however disclosed the fact that even the polytechnics are discriminating against themselves. He narrated his own story about how he was denied promotion in his own department in the polytechnic because he did not have a university degree. His colleagues in the department who had additional university degrees were promoted. He was denied the promotion until he went to back to get a degree from a university. This was despite the fact that he had two masters already. I was later to discover that this is quite rampant in polytechnics. Lecturers and staff who have additional university degrees move up the ladder rapidly in the polytechnics than their counterparts.

Now, how can Polytechnics expect people to treat them equally when they themselves do not value their certificate.? How can people rate their graduates on par when they do not rate their own graduates at par.
Charity they say begins at home. In this fight against discrimination, Polytechnics should first look inwards before looking outwards.

The in-house discrimination is the most pathetic of all. It is painful and shameful. That is why I see ASUP as hypocrites anytime they are calling for equality. The standard all over the world is that lecturers in a tertiary institution must possess a qualification adjudged to be higher than the minimum qualification obtainable in their institution. That is why degree holders are employed as Assistant Lecturers or Graduate Assistant (not full Lecturer) in the University system. One would expect that HND holders should also enjoy the same thing in the polytechnic but they are referred to as Instructors and even denied promotion to Lecturing Cadre after bagging a master's degree. I think this aspect of the discrimination is still existing today because before the commencement of the HND programme, the Polytechnics were controlled by degree holders. With the introduction of the HND, it will mean that all polytechnic staff must upgrade their qualifications from bachelor's to at least master's degree (to comply with global best practices as stated earlier) if HND is adjudged equal to bachelor's degree. Trust the lazy average Nigerian to take the easy route of maintaining that HND is lower so as to remain secure with his/her bachelor's degree within the polytechnic system. That's the politics of ASUP and I never take them seriously whenever they talk about discrimination because they are benefiting from it.
Re: The Difference Between HND And BSC Is Discrimination - Wole Soyinka by corperscorner: 2:27pm On Oct 27, 2014
kayusbrown:

The in-house discrimination is the most pathetic of all. It is painful and shameful. That is why I see ASUP as hypocrites anytime they are calling for equality. The standard all over the world is that lecturers in a tertiary institution must possess a qualification adjudged to be higher than the minimum qualification obtainable in their institution. That is why degree holders are employed as Assistant Lecturers or Graduate Assistant (not full Lecturer) in the University system. One would expect that HND holders should also enjoy the same thing in the polytechnic but they are referred to as Instructors and even denied promotion to Lecturing Cadre after bagging a master's degree. I think this aspect of the discrimination is still existing today because before the commencement of the HND programme, the Polytechnics were controlled by degree holders. With the introduction of the HND, it will mean that all polytechnic staff must upgrade their qualifications from bachelor's to at least master's degree (to comply with global best practices as stated earlier) if HND is adjudged equal to bachelor's degree. Trust the lazy average Nigerian to take the easy route of maintaining that HND is lower so as to remain secure with his/her bachelor's degree within the polytechnic system. That's the politics of ASUP and I never take them seriously whenever they talk about discrimination because they are benefiting from it.

That is exactly where the government is supposed to step in and sharpen the edges. But instead, what do they do? nothing.

Basically, what they are concerned about is the funds being generated from these institutions. Little wonder why they only get to reach an agreement on paying the salary of lecturers whenever a strike action goes out of bound.

Selfishness still retains its way in this issue.
Re: The Difference Between HND And BSC Is Discrimination - Wole Soyinka by Nobody: 2:58pm On Oct 27, 2014
IrunOBO:
The most reasonable thing I have seen today.

The professor made valid point.

Before you all come at me. I am BSC holder, yet to get a job though.

But I know God will do his miracle soon enough.
with your NL user name, i only pray u get d job soon.(poorn star)
Re: The Difference Between HND And BSC Is Discrimination - Wole Soyinka by Abbey2sam(m): 3:41pm On Oct 27, 2014
I'm an HND holder and I don't give a fucckk....

you know why? Cuz I'm in Amsterdam .....

keep discriminating

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Re: The Difference Between HND And BSC Is Discrimination - Wole Soyinka by corperscorner: 5:06pm On Oct 27, 2014
Abbey2sam:
I'm an HND holder and I don't give a fucckk....

you know why? Cuz I'm in Amsterdam .....

keep discriminating

1,000,000 likes....

You will come home someday na...
Re: The Difference Between HND And BSC Is Discrimination - Wole Soyinka by IrunOBO: 5:10pm On Oct 27, 2014
sexyseun:
with your NL user name, i only pray u get d job soon.(poorn star)

Fine geh.........looking at you alone is enough job for now..

Please let me follow you on twitter @jerrykhard...

I follow back tho......thats my handle up there. kiss kiss kiss kiss kiss
Re: The Difference Between HND And BSC Is Discrimination - Wole Soyinka by Abbey2sam(m): 5:14pm On Oct 27, 2014
corperscorner:


1,000,000 likes....

You will come home someday na...

not to come and look a job though
Re: The Difference Between HND And BSC Is Discrimination - Wole Soyinka by bountyhunter: 7:59pm On Oct 27, 2014
these pieces of paper are quite overrated
Re: The Difference Between HND And BSC Is Discrimination - Wole Soyinka by IrunOBO: 2:11pm On Nov 10, 2014
heard the case in still in court.......

any update?
Re: The Difference Between HND And BSC Is Discrimination - Wole Soyinka by jayjay1512(m): 8:13pm On Nov 13, 2014
lD nobel laureate had spoken, it's all about d individual's development , even with my ond certificate my mates with masters degree are no way better than i am
Re: The Difference Between HND And BSC Is Discrimination - Wole Soyinka by tosyne2much(m): 12:12am On Nov 14, 2014
jayjay1512:
let d nobel laureate had spoken, it's all about d individual's development , even with my ond certificate my mates with masters degree are no way better than i am
gbaaaaaaaaam a wise man has spoken

All this unnecessary worry boils down to self-development

Our institutions will only teach you how to read, it's left for you to know how to write


** bros abeg no forget vote 4me ooo**
Re: The Difference Between HND And BSC Is Discrimination - Wole Soyinka by Project400: 5:53am On Nov 14, 2014
...thought-provoking words here
Re: The Difference Between HND And BSC Is Discrimination - Wole Soyinka by zebra(m): 6:03pm On Feb 03, 2015
Nothing has been said about this issue again in the national assembly.
Re: The Difference Between HND And BSC Is Discrimination - Wole Soyinka by say9ng(m): 12:59pm On May 31, 2015
.
Re: The Difference Between HND And BSC Is Discrimination - Wole Soyinka by corperscorner: 9:35am On Aug 03, 2015
An update from JAMB chief at last.....lets hope they are persistent enough to do a proper follow through.

I only empathize for the future generations.

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