Since the early 1980s, information and communication technology (ICT) has permitted people to participate in a world in which school, work, offices, commercial homes and other activities have been increasingly enhanced by the use of ICT.
ICT tools have helped people find, explore, analyze, exchange, and present information—most importantly, without discrimination. When efficiently used.

Electronic surveillance is the monitoring of a home, business, or individual using a variety of devices such as CCTV, legal wiretapping, cameras, digital video equipment, and other electronic, digital, and audio-visual means. Electronic surveillance is akin to computer and Moblie Phone Surveillance in which informations found on computers, tablets, and mobile devices can be valuable when conducting an investigation.

The power of information and communication technology (I C T) has enhanced different kinds of investigative means of Data recovery and detective means of Data collection and analysis. just like phone surveillance who detects conversations, location, tracking and data monitoring of a phone.

Fact about Education

Education is the process of facilitating
learning , or the acquisition of
knowledge , skills, values , beliefs , and habit. Educational methods include
storytelling , discussion, teaching,
training , and directed research . Education frequently takes place under the guidance of an educator.
Education in the general sense covers the whole life of an individual from birth till death or from cradle to grade that shows that education is as old as man on earth.

Understanding the key concept "Examination Malpractice"

Examination malpractice is defined as any deliberate act of wrong doing, contrary to the rules of examinations designed to give a candidate an unfair advantage or able frequently, to place a candidate at a disadvantage. Malpractice therefore introduces equities into the examination system.

Oxford dictionary explains malpractice as' (law) careless, wrong or illegal behavior while in a professional job"

In a nutshell, Examination malpractice is an act or activity that involved dishonestly and non transparency with the aim of fraud and dishonest in an academic environment.
The level of competition among students and institution are increasing high, due to this, Most students of any higher institution finds examination as the only test OK their knowledge.

With the increase in the pressure associated with achievement, the demand for the qualification grows and with the increase in competition among students and between institutions, the risk of academic Malpractices and cheating by students and by educational institutions is increasing with the tricks to beat genuine supervisors and examiners.
Examination malpractice has different stage and kinds in the practice of its operation. Stages like before examination. During Examination and after Examination.

Kinds of malpractice in our higher institution

(Before examination)
1.Obtaining set of questions before the examination
2. Submission of project and practicals not written by the students themselves.
3. lectures giving all student the questions to be out in a particular course
4.Examination print visible every where in the departmental
5.Plagiarizing someone copy without referencing or sourcing the article/new story.
6.myth & lies to the departmental lectures by the students.

(During Examination)
1.Giraffing from another persons book or writing
2.cheating in the examination hall by bring a shot text , handbook or mobile phone into the examination hall .
3. Impersonation in the way that student are replaced for another to sit for such Candidate in the examination hall
4 communicating in the examination Hall
5. Giving brown envelop to invigilators and exam supervisors.
6.change of answer booklet

(After examination)
This after the kinds of malpractice done after examination.
1.special centers
2. Writing of contact details on the top page of the answer booklet.
3. Bribing the examination coordinator
4.Giving script out to mark by departmental colleagues.

Role played by an Electronic surveillance to detect malpractice in an higher institution and its remedy

Examination malpractice in Nigeria can also have a negative impact on the reputation of the institution and also on the student
Electronic surveillance equipments are hung around an examination hall to capture things going on in an academic environment.

1. Student caught for such act are ordained to fill malpractice form and face panel
2. It leads to Rustication or Advice to withdraw
3. Corrupt examination officer are sanctioned for corruption
4. It disqualified the student from taking the exam
5. Low marks and chance of carry over
6. Strict marking skills
7. It tarnish the image of the institution
8. It leads to ban of an examination hall, if it is rampant all the time.
9. Those student caught will be published on the campus print and on the mass media (Newspaper, Radio and Television)
10. it reduced their admission intake as aspirant won't want to be affected by such mess happening in the institution.

Conclusion
Through the use of I.C.T, information gathering and dissemination are made easy to perform a specific task in any area of needy.

Source;-
https://a1campus..com/2019/10/electronic-surveillance-as-medium-to.html?m=0

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