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The Amazing Nigerian Invention That Created World Technology by Rostikol: 9:41pm On Aug 23, 2023
ANCIENT NIGERIANS INVENTED IRON SMELTING.

WITHOUT THIS NIGERIAN INVENTION, THE ENTIRE WORLD WOULD STILL BE STUCK IN THE STONE AGE, AND LIVING IN CAVES TODAY.


World's Oldest Iron Smelting Site, dated 2,000 BCE, Discovered in Lejja, South East Nigeria






In a village square in Lejja, located about 15 kilometers south of the university town of Nsukka in southeastern Nigeria, lies what appears to be the oldest iron-smelting site in the the world. Arranged in crescent shapes with mounds in the middle across a wide sitting area at Otobo Ejuona, as the arena is known, are hundreds of bits of smelting debris, or slags, recently carbon-dated to about 2000 BCE by a team of archaeologists and other experts from the University of Nigeria, Nsukka and Oxford University in the United Kingdom.

The information yielded by the slags upsets the status quo as far as the global story of ironworking is concerned. For long conventional academic wisdom had it that the iron age started in southwest Asia in 1500 BC and spread to the rest of the world, including Africa, from there. Evidence of iron smelting in Africa that is at least 500 years older stands this conventional wisdom on its head.


Why does iron matter?

Iron matters because it changed the course of human civilization. Armed with iron, humans, the tool makers, finally found their vocation. They quickly transformed from hunter-gatherers to accomplished farmers armed with iron implements with which they cleared the bush and tilled the soil. They built weapons – spears, knives, guns – with which they went to war, conquered territories and built empires and began the march of civilization to where it is today. It was the precursor revolution that inspired all other revolutions that followed it.

With the determination of the age of the Lejja site, the claim that has subsisted among many Western academics that there was no independent development of iron working in Africa is effectively rebutted.

Otobo Ejuona

Slags are the waste byproduct produced when iron is heated in order to remove it from its stone ore. Tens of hundreds of these granite-like objects, some weighing as much as 60 kilograms, are arranged in patterns by people of whom the present occupants of Lejja have no memory. However, for them the site has acquired religious significance and become central to the people’s existence, housing the community shrine and meeting place of the masquerade cult, as well as serving as a general meeting place.

Other smelting sites have been discovered in nearby places like Opi (dated 750 BC) , Umundu and Obimo, but none matched the antiquity of the Lejja site.

The aesthetics of Otobo Ejuona

The slags, from which iron ore had been extracted, were transported to this site sometime in antiquity, and arranged in the patterns they were found. The most prominent pattern is the crescent shape made with the slags on the higher ground of the village square, which is faced by a mound of slags heaped together.

Other arrangements then spread out with the gentle slope of the square. In the middle there’s a raised mound of earth, around which slags are arranged. Other semi-circular heaps are also displayed around the square. To the right of the square, there’s a conical-shaped small building, the traditional masquerade’s house. At the base are also placed several slags.

Archaeologists and other scholars see both an aesthetic and an astronomical purpose in the placement of the slags.
For instance, the half-circular arrangement of the slags and the placement of a mound in the middle is thought to represent the intermittent visual nearness between the crescent moon and the planet Venus. [Our ancestors were masters of astrology]

Therefore, the placement of the slags had a ritual symbolism attached to it and was never done randomly. While the present-day inhabitants of Lejja don’t have much information about their creation, they have keyed into its ritual significance, celebrating and receding it as something intrinsically linked to their existence and well being.

https://thingsnigeria.com/2018/02/14/lejja-the-worlds-oldest-iron-smelting-site-in-nigeria/

2 Likes

Re: The Amazing Nigerian Invention That Created World Technology by Judekenny: 9:45pm On Aug 23, 2023
undecided
Re: The Amazing Nigerian Invention That Created World Technology by Babalegba(m): 10:15pm On Aug 23, 2023
Iron age was more than 3000 years ago

1 Like

Re: The Amazing Nigerian Invention That Created World Technology by Switruth: 10:26pm On Aug 23, 2023
Tribalistic idiots are coming to derail this beautiful piece of knowledge

2 Likes

Re: The Amazing Nigerian Invention That Created World Technology by dareyking(m): 10:27pm On Aug 23, 2023
grin
Re: The Amazing Nigerian Invention That Created World Technology by Rostikol: 11:06pm On Aug 23, 2023
Babalegba:
Iron age was more than 3000 years ago

2000 BCE is over 4,000 years ago.

1 Like

Re: The Amazing Nigerian Invention That Created World Technology by Rostikol: 12:54am On Aug 24, 2023
Re: The Amazing Nigerian Invention That Created World Technology by googi: 12:59am On Aug 24, 2023
Interesting discovery.

We've always known that Iron Smelting started in the rain forest and that Ogun (iron) predated the Europeans and Asians.

This may be what is needed to buttress Ogun origin among Yoruba

2 Likes

Re: The Amazing Nigerian Invention That Created World Technology by kettykin: 1:31am On Aug 24, 2023
So the real iron age started somewhere in igbo land , south east of the present Nigeria, why this did translate into an industrial revolution remains to be seen. I hope this time around the world will adjust their historical information accordingly

1 Like

Re: The Amazing Nigerian Invention That Created World Technology by ednut1(m): 2:26am On Aug 24, 2023
Others discovered it too independently. No big deal here
Re: The Amazing Nigerian Invention That Created World Technology by Rostikol: 2:49am On Aug 24, 2023
ednut1:
Others discovered it too independently. No big deal here

No, they did not INVENT it independently.

Iron smelting was an invention, not a discovery.

Ancient Africans took this knowledge to other continents.

Because AFRICA is the Cradle of Civilization.


Do you know that the worlds oldest PAINT FACTORY was discovered in South Africa, and was dated to an incredible 100,000 years old?

That is 95,000 years before our oldest written records!
.
.

Ancient Paint Factory Unearthed in South Africa

BBC news


The kits used by humans 100,000 years ago to make paint have been found at the famous archaeological site of Blombos Cave in South Africa.

The hoard includes red and yellow pigments, shell containers, and the grinding cobbles and bone spatulas to work up a paste - everything an ancient artist might need in their workshop.

This extraordinary discovery is reported in the journal Science.

It is proof, say researchers, of our early ancestors' complexity of thought.

"This is significant because it is pushing back the boundaries of our understanding of when Homo sapiens - people like us - first became modern," said Prof Christopher Henshilwood from the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg.

"These finds indicate that humans were certainly thinking in a modern way, in a way that is cognitively advanced, at least 100,000 years ago," he told BBC News.

....The finds include abalone shells with ochre residues inside. There are tools made of quartzite that were presumably employed to hammer and grind ochre into a powder in the shells. And there is evidence that charcoal and oil from seal bones were being added to the mix. It seems bone implements were also being used to turn and lift the paint pastes.

The mere fact though that paints are being manufactured in a systematic way is indicative of a level of advanced thinking.

It would have required a high degree of planning to bring together all of the elements of the kits; and if art really was the purpose, it suggests the cave dwellers of Blombos were capable of symbolic thought - the ability to let one thing represent another in the mind.

https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-15257259
Re: The Amazing Nigerian Invention That Created World Technology by Rostikol: 7:43am On Aug 24, 2023
Switruth:
Tribalistic idiots are coming to derail this beautiful piece of knowledge

Hope not... wink
Re: The Amazing Nigerian Invention That Created World Technology by Rostikol: 7:48am On Aug 24, 2023
WHAT IS IRON SMELTING?

Smelting is a process of applying heat to an ore, to extract a base metal. It is a form of extractive metallurgy. It is used to extract many metals from their ores, including silver, iron, copper, and other base metals. Smelting uses heat and a chemical- reducing agent to decompose the ore, driving off other elements as gases or slag and leaving the metal base behind. The reducing agent is commonly a fossil fuel source of carbon, such as coke—or, in earlier times, charcoal. The oxygen in the ore binds to carbon at high temperatures as the chemical potential energy of the bonds in carbon dioxide (CO2) is lower than the bonds in the ore.

The carbon source acts as a chemical reactant to remove oxygen from the ore, yielding the purified metal element as a product. The carbon source is oxidized in two stages. First, carbon (C) combusts with oxygen (O2) in the air to produce carbon monoxide (CO). Second, the carbon monoxide reacts with the ore (e.g. Fe2O3) and removes one of its oxygen atoms, releasing carbon dioxide (CO2). After successive interactions with carbon monoxide, all of the oxygen in the ore will be removed, leaving the raw metal element (e.g. Fe). As most ores are impure, it is often necessary to use flux, such as limestone (or dolomite), to remove the accompanying rock gangue as slag. This calcination reaction also frequently emits carbon dioxide.

Smelting most prominently takes place in a blast furnace to produce pig iron, which is converted into steel.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smelting
Re: The Amazing Nigerian Invention That Created World Technology by Rostikol: 7:54am On Aug 24, 2023
Meaning our ancestors were engaging in this sophisticated scientific process over 4,000 years ago.

Yet some idiots believe the white people that came yesterday 'civilized' us.

Confused set of people.
Re: The Amazing Nigerian Invention That Created World Technology by MTNnews: 7:54am On Aug 24, 2023
Where then is the BBC link to your claim about the Iron ore ? If you don't have a BBC link confirming it then no one should take your claim seriously. My 2 cent




Rostikol:


Do you know that the worlds oldest PAINT FACTORY was discovered in South Africa, and was dated to an incredible 100,000 years old?

https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-15257259

2 Likes

Re: The Amazing Nigerian Invention That Created World Technology by Rostikol: 8:02am On Aug 24, 2023
MTNnews:
Where then is the BBC link to your claim about the Iron ore ? If you don't have a BBC link confirming it then no one should take your claim seriously. My 2 cent





You are very dumb.

So if BBC doesn't report it, it means it is not true?

Mumu.

1 Like

Re: The Amazing Nigerian Invention That Created World Technology by Obaaderemi2: 8:21am On Aug 24, 2023
Rostikol:


2000 BCE is over 4,000 years ago.
2000 + 3000= over 5000

Whatever happened to Africa along the way? Did you know ancient iron smelting evidence was found in Nok too, that's around modern day Plateau?

23 Likes

Re: The Amazing Nigerian Invention That Created World Technology by MTNnews: 11:19am On Aug 24, 2023
If it's from ipob like you it is definitely not true
Rostikol:


You are very dumb.

So if BBC doesn't report it, it means it is not true?

Mumu.
Re: The Amazing Nigerian Invention That Created World Technology by ednut1(m): 11:47am On Aug 24, 2023
Rostikol:


No, they did not INVENT it independently.

Iron smelting was an invention, not a discovery.

Ancient Africans took this knowledge to other continents.

Because AFRICA is the Cradle of Civilization.


Do you know that the worlds oldest PAINT FACTORY was discovered in South Africa, and was dated to an incredible 100,000 years old?

That is 95,000 years before our oldest written records!
.
.

Ancient Paint Factory Unearthed in South Africa

BBC news


The kits used by humans 100,000 years ago to make paint have been found at the famous archaeological site of Blombos Cave in South Africa.

The hoard includes red and yellow pigments, shell containers, and the grinding cobbles and bone spatulas to work up a paste - everything an ancient artist might need in their workshop.

This extraordinary discovery is reported in the journal Science.

It is proof, say researchers, of our early ancestors' complexity of thought.

"This is significant because it is pushing back the boundaries of our understanding of when Homo sapiens - people like us - first became modern," said Prof Christopher Henshilwood from the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg.

"These finds indicate that humans were certainly thinking in a modern way, in a way that is cognitively advanced, at least 100,000 years ago," he told BBC News.

....The finds include abalone shells with ochre residues inside. There are tools made of quartzite that were presumably employed to hammer and grind ochre into a powder in the shells. And there is evidence that charcoal and oil from seal bones were being added to the mix. It seems bone implements were also being used to turn and lift the paint pastes.

The mere fact though that paints are being manufactured in a systematic way is indicative of a level of advanced thinking.

It would have required a high degree of planning to bring together all of the elements of the kits; and if art really was the purpose, it suggests the cave dwellers of Blombos were capable of symbolic thought - the ability to let one thing represent another in the mind.

https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-15257259
i get am before no be property. When the europeans came to colonise and trade did we have guns or ships that the white man have Make una rest. People are conquering space today you are talking about iron smelting
Re: The Amazing Nigerian Invention That Created World Technology by OfoIgbo: 12:18pm On Aug 24, 2023
What it now means is that Igbo people invented iron smelting in the world. It is now official.

Igbos also created the first very intricate bronze artworks, discovered in Igbo-ukwu Anambra state. These artworks outdate both the Ife bronze and Benin bronze works by many centuries.

Igbos also still have the most ancient royal stool that survives till this modern era. The EZE NRI

The last picture that show the iron smelting pyramid is dedicated to the OGWUGWU deity.
The OGWUGWU deity is owned by the Nris.
The Igbo-ukwu broze works have already been ascribed to the Nris.

What this means is that the most ancient civilization footprints in Nigeria are in Igboland, wish huge focus on Umu-Nri
Re: The Amazing Nigerian Invention That Created World Technology by googi: 1:38pm On Aug 24, 2023
The problems we have is not knowing how to take credits within us, even in the rain forest where we are all related since we have divided ourselves not only into states but into ethnicities struggling to snatch victories from the top.

While Europeans came and discover.

Take this Iron invention as an example from Nok culture, Ogun to this Igbo buried knowledge. Who knew each of you as Bariba, Igbo, Hausa or Yoruba then?
Re: The Amazing Nigerian Invention That Created World Technology by ednut1(m): 3:14pm On Aug 24, 2023
Rostikol:


No, they did not INVENT it independently.

Iron smelting was an invention, not a discovery.

Ancient Africans took this knowledge to other continents.

Because AFRICA is the Cradle of Civilization.


Do you know that the worlds oldest PAINT FACTORY was discovered in South Africa, and was dated to an incredible 100,000 years old?

That is 95,000 years before our oldest written records!
.
.

Ancient Paint Factory Unearthed in South Africa

BBC news


The kits used by humans 100,000 years ago to make paint have been found at the famous archaeological site of Blombos Cave in South Africa.

The hoard includes red and yellow pigments, shell containers, and the grinding cobbles and bone spatulas to work up a paste - everything an ancient artist might need in their workshop.

This extraordinary discovery is reported in the journal Science.

It is proof, say researchers, of our early ancestors' complexity of thought.

"This is significant because it is pushing back the boundaries of our understanding of when Homo sapiens - people like us - first became modern," said Prof Christopher Henshilwood from the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg.

"These finds indicate that humans were certainly thinking in a modern way, in a way that is cognitively advanced, at least 100,000 years ago," he told BBC News.

....The finds include abalone shells with ochre residues inside. There are tools made of quartzite that were presumably employed to hammer and grind ochre into a powder in the shells. And there is evidence that charcoal and oil from seal bones were being added to the mix. It seems bone implements were also being used to turn and lift the paint pastes.

The mere fact though that paints are being manufactured in a systematic way is indicative of a level of advanced thinking.

It would have required a high degree of planning to bring together all of the elements of the kits; and if art really was the purpose, it suggests the cave dwellers of Blombos were capable of symbolic thought - the ability to let one thing represent another in the mind.

https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-15257259
provide evidence they took it to the rest if the world. In ancient Africa those that had technology like this were in secret associations the knowledge was not share with the rest of the community and even nearby tribes. So you want us to believe people in igbo, yoruba or edo land exported the technology to asia and Europe. 🤣
Re: The Amazing Nigerian Invention That Created World Technology by Rostikol: 4:36pm On Aug 24, 2023
ednut1:
provide evidence they took it to the rest if the world. In ancient Africa those that had technology like this were in secret associations the knowledge was not share with the rest of the community and even nearby tribes. So you want us to believe people in igbo, yoruba or edo land exported the technology to asia and Europe. 🤣

You laugh because you are an ignorant dunce with zero knowledge of African history.

You are so stupid you don’t even realise that the so called Europeans and Asians are descended from black African migrants to those regions.

I have no time to educate a dunce like you. Go on Google and search for Prof. Jin Li’s multinational DNA study that revealed that the Chinese are descended from black African immigrants.

There is even a video on YouTube showing that ancient Nigerians founded Chinese civilisation.


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PIYqtI3Ik30?si=NOyh_or_3zZX_2xO
Re: The Amazing Nigerian Invention That Created World Technology by ednut1(m): 4:41pm On Aug 24, 2023
Rostikol:


You laugh because you are an ignorant dunce with zero knowledge of African history.

You are so stupid you don’t even realise that the so called Europeans and Asians are descended from black African migrants to those regions.

I have no time to educate a dunce like you. Go on Google and search for Prof. Jin Li’s multinational DNA study that revealed that the Chinese are descended from black African immigrants.

There is even a video on YouTube showing that ancient Nigerians founded Chinese civilisation.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PIYqtI3Ik30?si=NOyh_or_3zZX_2xO
grow up. These are not proofs. Many of these things cannot be proven. People have created nuclear weapons, phones, satellites, aircraft. How will we get to that level is the only relevant things here. Not one ancient mumbo jumbo
Re: The Amazing Nigerian Invention That Created World Technology by Rostikol: 4:43pm On Aug 24, 2023
ednut1:
grow up

EMANCIPATE YOUR DUMB HEAD FROM RACIAL INFERIORITY COMPLEX AND IGNORANCE OF YOUR AFRICAN HISTORY.
Re: The Amazing Nigerian Invention That Created World Technology by Rostikol: 4:46pm On Aug 24, 2023
ednut1:
grow up. These are not proofs. Many of these things cannot be proven. People have created nuclear weapons, phones, satellites, aircraft. How will we get to that level is the only relevant things here. Not one ancient mumbo jumbo

YOU HAVE NOT EVEN WATCHED THE FCKING VIDEO!

WATCH IT BEFORE DISMISSING IT YOU STUPID PEABRAIN.

PLUS WE ARE DISCUSSING HISTORY SO SHUT YOUR ROTTEN LIPS ABOUT PHONES AND SATELLITES, YOU STUPID MOR.ON.
Re: The Amazing Nigerian Invention That Created World Technology by 1Sharon(f): 4:48pm On Aug 24, 2023
Rostikol:


You laugh because you are an ignorant dunce with zero knowledge of African history.

You are so stupid you don’t even realise that the so called Europeans and Asians are descended from black African migrants to those regions.

I have no time to educate a dunce like you. Go on Google and search for Prof. Jin Li’s multinational DNA study that revealed that the Chinese are descended from black African immigrants.

There is even a video on YouTube showing that ancient Nigerians founded Chinese civilisation.


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PIYqtI3Ik30?si=NOyh_or_3zZX_2xO

We wuz kangz and sheit.
Re: The Amazing Nigerian Invention That Created World Technology by Rostikol: 4:50pm On Aug 24, 2023
1Sharon:


We wuz kangz and sheit.

You sound like an American white neo nazi racist scumbag.

Your rotten ilk love to use that line.

What are you doing here, you stinking devil?
Re: The Amazing Nigerian Invention That Created World Technology by 1Sharon(f): 4:59pm On Aug 24, 2023
Rostikol:


You sound like an American white neo nazi racist scumbag.

Your rotten ilk love to use that line.

What are you doing here, you stinking devil?

(1) (Reply)

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