₦airaland Forum

More Lamu Port

Kenya's Lamu Port (where Dangote's refinery will be constructed) is experiencing an unprecedented surge in growth, transforming from a once-quiet infrastructure project into a highly active regional maritime hub.

In 2025, cargo throughput at Lamu Port skyrocketed to 799,161 metric tonnes, up from just 74,380 tonnes in 2024—a staggering 974% year-over-year increase. By mid-2026, cumulative cargo handled surpassed 1 million metric tonnes. The LAPSSET Corridor Development Authority reported that in just the first six months of 2026, the port handled 118,454 TEUs, obliterating its entire full-year 2025 benchmark of 55,687 TEUs by 112%. The Kenya Ports Authority noted that vessel traffic surged past 120 ship calls by mid-2026, with global lines regularly deploying massive container ships and mega car carriers to the hub. With a natural depth of up to 18 meters, Lamu can seamlessly accommodate massive Panamax and Post-Panamax vessels that cannot enter shallower regional ports without extensive dredging.

The industrial ecosystem taking shape around the Lamu Special Economic Zone (SEZ)—anchored by the soon-to-start $20 billion Dangote Oil Refinery and a 1,000MW liquefied natural gas (LNG) power plant—is part of a massive master plan.

Directly linked to the 700,000-barrel-per-day oil refinery, a massive petrochemical complex will be built. This complex will utilize the raw byproducts of the refining process to manufacture secondary industrial goods, creating a localized supply chain for plastics, polymers, and synthetic resins, Agricultural fertilizers, Industrial chemicals and pharmaceuticals (reducing the region's heavy reliance on chemical imports), Advanced Logistics and Free Port Warehousing, Energy and Gas Logistics Infrastructure, and dedicated manufacturing, processing, and export-oriented Hubs. Extensive crude and refined product storage tanks will also be built to function as the strategic fuel reserves for Kenya and the region.

PROVERBZ:
So after Nigerians suffered day and night becuz the government restricted access to foreign currency in order to give dangote the available ones for his refinery and forcing Nigerians to buy more expensive in the black market, dangote is going to go ahead and use the dollars his refinery is generating to build a refinery in Kenya??
I hate this pan African rubbish. This kenyas have been mocking and insulting us.
Chai, money that could have been used for steel!!

70 % of the refinery will be financed by debt, not by dollars from the Lagos plant. There must be something deeper causing dollar shortages in Nigeria. Something more structural. For us it was almost bemusing he was willing to invest that kind of money/refinery in a nation that barely has any oil. I did some digging and realized he faced severe frustration from the Nigerian leadership when trying to build the Lagos refinery and later when he tried to get crude oil for the refinery. He apparently still imports raw crude yet Nigeria has it in plenty! He was also seriously frustrated when he tried to build a steel factory. You cant really blame him for taking his hard earned money elsewhere, especially where he is not going to be frustrated. Dangote was planning to build the refinery in Tanga, Tanzania but received the typical cold reception we have always warned you about. Kenyans showed 100% goodwill, complete with land in a Special Economic Zone, a new deep water seaport, ready labor, and strategic access to the South Sudan-Ethiopia-Transport corridor for export and import of crude and refined products/byproducts.

Construction begins six days from now. The site has been selected, soil tests done, and design and engineering works complete. By its completion or soon thereafter we intend to have linked the oil fields in South Sudan and Turkana through pipelines to Lamu. With the addition of Africa's second largest refinery, Lamu will be a cargo transshipment and energy hub. The Lamu Oil Refinery will include a Petrochemical Complex (plastics, resins, chemical fertilizers, detergents, synthetic rubber, dyes, pharmaceuticals, and synthetic fibers), capturing the entire Eastern African seaboard and inland countries.

Just30:
Ghana's economy relies heavily on trade and service provision...commodity contributes little to it.

The fact that we have a lot more other sectors should help you understand how much more diversified the Ghanaian economy is.

I just showed you the entire money flow in the Kenyan economy as captured by your central bank.

If the Kenyan economy was that diversified, it'll show in the broad money supply

You showed me? I didnt see. In terms of total money circulating in the economy, not limited to mobile money, its not even close. We have bigger banks that deal with the majority of heavy transactions, while mobile money is used for smaller transactions. Kenya has a higher overall financial inclusivity rate and a more established, deeper penetration of formal financial accounts than Ghana. Both nations are global models for digital financial inclusion, but Kenya consistently holds the edge.

1. Ghana Relies on a "Big Three" Commodity Basket
Ghana’s macroeconomic health is highly tethered to three primary, volatile commodities: Gold, Crude Oil, and Cocoa. Together, these three resources typically make up over 80% of Ghana's total export revenues. When global gold or oil prices plummet, or when climate issues strike cocoa production, the entire Ghanaian economy experiences immediate currency shocks and fiscal distress.

2. Kenya Lacks Dominant Extractive Resources
Kenya is notoriously "resource-poor" relative to Ghana. It has no major oil exports or massive gold fields. Because it could not rely on digging wealth out of the ground, Kenya was forced to build an economy centered on services, trade, commerce, and highly varied agriculture.

3. Granular Export Variety
If you look at what Kenya sells to the world, it is heavily fragmented:
Horticulture and Tea: Kenya is a top global exporter of black tea and fresh-cut flowers.
Tourism: A massive foreign exchange earner that supports a sprawling hospitality and aviation ecosystem.
No Single Monopoly: No single product commands 40%+ of Kenya’s export landscape the way gold or oil dominate Ghana’s.

4. The Depth of Kenya's Digital and Financial Services
While Ghana has a robust services sector, Kenya's services sector is deeply integrated with tech and regional finance. Nairobi acts as a dominant logistical, corporate, and financial hub for the entire East African region. Kenya's services sector generates revenue from software development, regional banking, and transit logistics—activities that are structurally insulated from mining boom-and-bust cycles.

While Ghana has done an exceptional job using interoperable mobile wallets to aggressively reduce its unbanked population in a short time, Kenya remains Africa's financial inclusion trailblazer. Kenya has a lower exclusion rate and a population that is more deeply connected to formal commercial banks.

Just30:
Too bad we have a bigger economy that so much so that an over performance of a few sectors makes you think the Ghanaian economy is overly reliant on natural resources.

The Ghanaian economy is more diversified than yours

No, Kenya's economy is more diversified than Ghana's.

Kenya's Economic Makeup
Services and Tech: Kenya has a massive service sector, acting as East Africa's financial, transportation, and digital hub (often called the "Silicon Savannah".

Agriculture: A wide variety of agricultural exports—including tea, coffee, horticulture, and floriculture—keep its farming sector broad.

Manufacturing: It has a larger and more varied domestic manufacturing and consumer goods base compared to its peers in the region.

Ghana's Economic Makeup
Commodity Dependence: Ghana's growth relies heavily on natural resources, specifically gold, cocoa, and crude oil.

Extractive Focus: While Ghana has a powerful mining and energy export sector, fluctuations in global commodity prices leave its revenues more vulnerable to external shocks than Kenya’s multi-pillared economy.

Compelling insights that convinced World Athletics to award Nairobi the World Championships 2029:
▪️Kenyan fans ranked fourth highest on World Athlteics's social media channels
▪️Kenya is the single most interested market in Athletics with 68% of Kenyans rating their interest against the 38% global average.
▪️Kenya has highest net promoters score of any market.
▪️Athletics is the second most followed sport in Kenya
▪️Availability of the necessary sporting/accomodation infrastructure

We are talking 100,000 sports tourists visiting Nairobi in a period of 2 weeks.

Nairobi has been chosen to host the World Athletics Championships in 2029, becoming the first city in Africa to achieve that. Nairobi beat London, Rome, and Munich. Munich got the 2031 edition. This will come hot on the heals of hosting AFCON in 2027.

Just30:
Let's see if the purchasing power of Ghanaians were diminished...the Ghanaian cedi Appreciated by 50% in a year and there by increasing the purchasing power of Ghanaians.

Interest rates fell from 25% and 30% to 10% there by giving businesses more access to cheap financing. And inflation rate at 5%

All the is driving by pure production that far exceeds every target any institution had thought off.

Debt restructuring is only a small part of what has been achieved. With debt to GDP at 45% and debt financing at 20% of revenue.

Like I have said multiple times Ghana needed non of those IMF things. Ghana can recover from any mess it put itself on when it wants to.

Its true Ghana didn't need those IMF bailouts but its also true Ghanaians didnt need to cause inflation that obscenely high. A soaring inflation index should not be confused with a rising approval rating by the economic honchos in Ghana. When the govt tries to entice you with nice expensive projects that rack up debt so that you vote them back you should protest, and stop overreliance on natural resources and diversify.

Talanta Stadium is all but ready for AFCON

Just30:
The most remarkable economic recovery ever.
Just with enough brains, you can accomplish anything

Lets dig deeper.

These "enough brains" initially caused Ghana's inflation to skyrocket to a 22-year high of 54.1% in late 2022. A dramatic drop looks impressive on paper, but it was a correction from a severe, self-inflicted economic precipice, not a "WOW" factor. The recovery was triggered by a massive $3 billion IMF bailout. The stabilization was heavily engineered, monitored, and funded by external international institutions, not just domestic strategy. Ghana had to halt payments on most of its external debt and aggressively restructure domestic debt, which wiped out the savings of local bondholders and severely damaged trust in the financial sector. High interest rates and austerity measures used to curb inflation have squeezed local businesses, raised the cost of living, and diminished the purchasing power of ordinary Ghanaians.

True recovery requires long-term fiscal discipline. If structural vulnerabilities like high government spending and over-reliance on primary commodities are not fixed, Ghana's perpetual cycle of inflation and bailouts will repeat.

Ghana is usually all hype and self aggrandisement until you actually look at photos of Ghana or listen to the opinions of non-Ghanaians who've been there.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0LWvk9kftd0?si=zGT9nnFU0IKOGQmL

Konza Blueprint in motion


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hiSKC6h_bJs?si=c5EnGwEhLGcW_F_u

Empire series actor Bryshere Gray, popularly known as Hakeem Lyon, says he has relocated permanently to Kenya.

During an interview, the actor revealed that he is staying in Kenya forever and has been actively making appearances in Nairobi clubs and entertainment scenes. He mentioned that his partner has been pressuring him to relocate to the upmarket neighborhood of Kilimani in Nairobi. However, he prefers the idea of moving her to Nanyuki, describing it as a quiet and peaceful area.

“The club life is so electric. I lived in Miami, but it was never like this. In Kenya, people actually have fun. In America, people are just on their phones. Here, the music and the people are fire”. He said.

Gray's move highlights the ever-growing trend of Black Americans permanently moving to Kenya, finding superior quality of life and a vibrant culture.

https://www.instagram.com/p/DV4gycPDAG1/?utm_source=ig_embed&utm_campaign=embed_video_watch_again

Kenyans could soon access internet speeds of up to 400 Mbps at home and 1 Gbps for businesses after Amazon selected Kenya for its first African satellite ground station.

Amazon's Project Kuiper (Amazon Leo) has applied for a 15-year International Gateway Operator licence and a Network Facilities Provider licence through its Kenyan subsidiary, paving the way for the company's entry into the market.

The move sets up a direct battle with Elon Musk's Starlink, which currently dominates the satellite internet space in Kenya.

If approved, Kenya will become Amazon's launchpad for satellite broadband services across Africa, placing the country at the center of a growing global race for internet connectivity.

The competition between Amazon and Starlink could reshape internet access, pricing, and service quality in ways many Kenyans have been waiting to see.

Konza Tech City

Key Takeaways Between the Two Markets (Nairobi and Lagos)

1. The "Unlimited" Catch
Nairobi: Most home fiber plans from providers like Safaricom or Zuku are truly unlimited for standard household consumption. Safaricom applies an incredibly generous Fair Usage Policy (FUP) cap of up to 7 TB per month before throttling.

Lagos: Many providers offering "unlimited" packages in Lagos cap high-speed data at 200GB to 400GB. Once reached, your speeds are severely throttled down to a crawling 1 Mbps for the rest of the billing cycle. To get uncapped, high-capacity fiber, prices scale rapidly past NGN 44,000–60,000 ($32–$44) per month.

2. Installation Gaps

Nairobi: Installation is almost universally free if your residential building or estate is already mapped within the provider's zone. You only pay the upfront cost of your first month's subscription.

Lagos: Last-mile infrastructure is expensive to deploy in Nigeria. Lagosians face steep, mandatory upfront one-time installation fees starting anywhere from NGN 38,500 ($28) to over NGN 77,250 ($56) just to run the fiber cable into their home.

3. Market Competition

Nairobi: The city is undergoing intense fiber price wars. Aggressive expansion by regional ISPs like Savanna Fiber and Airtel Xstream has forced Safaricom to repeatedly drop prices or more than double connection speeds for free.

Lagos: While highly competitive among providers like FiberOne, ipNX, and Spectranet, the market is heavily segmented by neighborhood. Constant adjustments are influenced heavily by national inflation and power back-up costs for operators.

4. The Real Takeaways from the Data

Mobile Broadband Density: Kenya has 79.3 active mobile broadband subscriptions per 100 people, nearly double Nigeria’s 41.4 per 100 people. This proves that high-speed mobile internet access is nearly twice as common among the general population in Kenya.

Explosive Fiber Usage: The average Kenyan home fiber user consumes a massive 1,650 GB (1.65 TB) of data per subscription. The average Nigerian fixed subscriber consumes just 270 GB. Kenya is using the internet like a highly mature, heavily digitized economy.

GeneralDae:
I’m not disputing this but addressing your point on the Nigerian girl and why she is surprised. I am saying that even Germans may be surprised because they pay telecom companies like 02, Vodafone etc for router installations and only very few install for free (maybe during special bonanzas). My point is that lack of free WiFi is not perculiar to Nigeria like your post made it seem.

Its all about reducing barriers to entry, which is important for countries with significant low-income earning populations. Its something that may also work in Nigeria given the internet penetration is lower. Many low income earners can be prevented from having fast internet (fibre optics) by the initial cost of the routers, so removing the barrier by making wifi routers free can surmount this. As a company you also gain more customers and a competitive edge. You may be having 100 bob to spend per day on the internet but not 2000 upfront for a router. Smart companies know that lowering the initial entry cost expands their customer base and increases long-term revenue.

PS: it was a dude not a girl

He says some but its actually MOST. Sometimes Kenyans are shocked at the things that shock Nigerians. Getting a Wi-Fi router for free is standard for most companies in KEnya so long as you pay the first month's internet package. Kenya being a largely cashless economy needs not be gain-said with around 80-90 % of Kenyans paying digitally for everything they need.

popizaino:
https://www.instagram.com/p/DYBxXwzDc3w/?img_index=11&igsh=NG81ZXZsZ2EwNDF0

Kenya 🇰🇪 is certainly very developed as per sub-saharan standard.

Unfortunately he said he registered as a voter, which landed him in trouble.

Talanta Stadium latest

popizaino:
If development is about optics like we often display on this thread then Addis Ababa looks better developed than Nairobi. So Kenya should focus on catching Ethiopia first before dreaming of catching South Africa.

The video above answers everything. Symbiotic interconnectedness. Ethio and Kenya see themselves as working towards the same goal and their projects complement each other. Watch the full analysis. It also explains why Nigeria has been left behind with the perpetual chaos. For instance, Ethiopians know Kenyans are good at tech and have literally opened up their market to Kenyans to drive that sector in Ethio. Safaricom recently entered Ethio market, which was never gonna happen before, Ethiopia literally had to change laws to alow it to happen. On their part, the Ethiopians are selling Kenya the energy they generate from the massive dam, Kenya needs that energy to power it's robust tech. Ethiopia is working towards becoming a manufacturing giant and intends to use Kenya for exports hence Lappset corridor that Kenya is building to link up Ethiopia to Kenyan coast. Etc...some of these things must sound alien to you folks over there in darkness but African countries can actually work together instead of petty fights. Watch the clip for more.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gyyP0VOlKZs?si=-cpqjTcS1vTJ1StI

Top 10 milk producers in Africa.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qx__9S7bLtQ?si=zb2iyq031xlX0izA

Northland's City. I rem telling someone here that of all smart cities in progress in Kenya this was probably the least likely to fail. It boasts of a humongous university within it, Amref University.


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U4rsZvE7xI8?si=81pn57VBV2Gw1bad

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qdb51cKl-qI?si=XWnc2FnJi-7Nno7Z

The secret mission to fly a president's body back home - pilot speaks to the BBC

Exactly 31 years ago to the day, two Kenyan pilots, Hussein Mohamed Anshuur and Mohamed Adan, received an unexpected visitor at their office at Wilson Airport near the capital, Nairobi.

It was a Nigerian diplomat, who drew them into a sensitive and secretive mission to fly the body of Somalia's former ruler Siad Barre back to his homeland for burial following his death in exile in Nigeria at the age of 80.

Anshuur, previously a captain in the Kenyan Air Force, and Adan are partners in Bluebird Aviation, one of Kenya's largest private airlines that they had set up a few years earlier.

Speaking to the media for the first time about the mission, Anshuur told the BBC that the Nigerian diplomat came "straight to the point", asking him and Hussein "to charter an aircraft and secretly transport the body" from Nigeria's main city of Lagos, to Barre's hometown of Garbaharey in southern Somalia for burial, on the other side of Africa, a distance of some 4,300 km (2,700 miles).

Anshuur said they were stunned at the request: "We knew immediately this wasn't a normal charter."

Barre had fled Somalia on 28 January 1991 after being overthrown by militia forces, so returning his body was politically fraught, involving multiple governments, fragile regional relations and the risk of a diplomatic fallout.

Anshuur said they were fearful of the possible repercussions as the diplomat asked for the flight to be organised outside normal procedures.

"If the Kenyan authorities found out, it could have caused serious problems," Anshuur said.

The pilots spent the rest of the day debating whether to accept the request, carefully weighing the risks, particularly if the Kenyan government, then led by President Daniel arap Moi, discovered what they were planning to do.

Barre seized power in a bloodless coup in 1969. His supporters saw him as a pan-Africanist, who supported causes such as the campaign against the racist system of apartheid in South Africa.

To his critics, he was a dictator who oversaw numerous human rights abuses until he was driven from power.

Barre initially fled to Kenya, but Moi's government came under intense pressure from parliament and rights groups for hosting him. Barre was then given political asylum by Nigeria, then under military ruler Gen Ibrahim Babangida, and lived in Lagos until he died of a diabetes-related illness.

Given the sensitivity of the mission, the pilots asked the Nigerian diplomat to give them one more day to think about his request. The financial offer was lucrative - they didn't want to reveal the exact amount - but the risks were considerable.

"We first advised him to use a Nigerian Air Force aircraft, but he refused," Anshuur recalled. "He said that the operation was too sensitive and that the Kenyan government must not be informed."

Also speaking to the media for the first time about the mission, the former Somali ruler's son, Ayaanle Mohamed Siad Barre, told the BBC that "the secrecy wasn't about hiding anything illegal".

He explained that Islamic tradition requires a burial to take place as soon as possible, and therefore normal procedures were circumvented, though some governments were aware of the plan.

"Time was against us," he said. "If we had gone through all the paperwork, it would have delayed the burial."

He said he was told by Nigerian officials that Garbaharey's runway was "too small" for a military aircraft.

"That's why Bluebird Aviation was contacted," Barre's son told the BBC.

The pilots had no contact with Barre's family at the time, and relayed their decision to the Nigerian diplomat, Anshuur said, on 10 January 1995.

"It wasn't an easy choice," Anshuur recalled. "But we felt the responsibility to execute the trip."

This was not their first connection to the former president.

When Barre and his family fled the capital Mogadishu, he arrived in Burdubo, a town in the same region as Garbaharey.

During that period, the pilots had flown essential supplies - including food, medicine and other basic necessities - to Burdubo for the Barre family.

But before embarking on the journey with Barre's body, the pilots demanded guarantees from the Nigerian government.

"That if anything goes wrong politically, Nigeria must take responsibility," Anshuur said. "And we wanted two embassy officials on board."

Nigeria agreed. The pilots then designed a plan to ensure their mission remained a secret - and succeeded.

Just after 03:00 on 11 January, Anshuur said their small plane, a Beechcraft King Air B200, took off from Wilson Airport.

The pilots filed a flight manifest listing Kisumu, a lakeside city in western Kenya, as their destination.

"That was only on paper," Anshuur said. "When we got close to Kisumu, we switched off the radar and diverted to Entebbe in Uganda."

At the time, radar coverage across much of the region was limited, a gap the pilots knew they could exploit.

Upon landing in Entebbe, the pilots told airport authorities the aircraft had arrived from Kisumu. The two Nigerian officials on board were instructed to remain silent and not to disembark.

The plane was refuelled, and Yaoundé in Cameroon, was declared as the next destination, where Nigerian diplomats helping to coordinate the operation were waiting, Anshuur told the BBC

After a brief stop, the aircraft continued to Lagos. Before entering Nigerian airspace, the Nigerian government instructed the pilots to use a Nigerian Air Force call sign "WT 001" to avoid any suspicion.

"That detail mattered," Anshuur said. "Without it, we might have been questioned."

They arrived at around 13:00 on 11 January in Lagos, where Barre's family was waiting.

After resting for the rest of the day, the pilots prepared for the final leg of the journey - taking Barre's body to Garbaharey in Somalia.

On 12 January 1995, his wooden casket was loaded on to the aircraft. The two Nigerian government officials were also on the flight, this time with six members of the family, including his son Ayaanle Mohamed Siad Barre.

From the pilots' perspective, secrecy remained essential.

"At no point did we tell airport authorities in Cameroon, Uganda or Kenya that we were carrying a body," Hussein said. "That was deliberate."

The aircraft retraced its route, stopping briefly in Yaoundé before flying to Entebbe, where it refuelled. The Ugandan authorities were told the final destination was Kisumu in western Kenya.

As they neared Kisumu, the pilots diverted, this time flying directly to Garbaharey.

Anshuur said after the casket was offloaded, he and his co-pilot attended the burial and then departed for Wilson Airport, with the two Nigerian officials on board.

Anshuur said this turned out to be "the most stressful" part of their entire trip.

"You think: 'This is where we could be stopped.'"

Fearing being caught, the pilots informed Wilson air traffic control that they were arriving from Mandera in north-eastern Kenya, giving the impression that it was a local flight.

"No-one asked questions," Anshuur said. "That's when we knew we were safe."

With that, the mission was over.

"Only afterwards did it really sink in what we had done," Anshuur told the BBC.

Asked whether he would do it again, he replied: "I am 65 years old now and no, I would not carry out a similar mission today because aviation technology has improved so much that there is now sufficient air traffic radar coverage within the African continent.

"It is virtually impossible to exploit the gaps in air traffic control that existed way back in 1995."

...

U.S. Indefinitely Freezes Visa Processing for 75 Countries citing concerns that applicants are likely to become public charges to the American taxpayers.


As of January 21, 2026, the Trump administration's State Department is halting all immigrant visa processing for nationals of 75 countries — an indefinite pause to reassess public charge rules and strengthen vetting.

This major immigration crackdown affects a wide range of nations across Africa, Asia, Latin America, the Middle East, and beyond. Notable inclusions: Somalia, Yemen, Afghanistan, Nigeria, Ghana, Thailand, Egypt, Iraq, Tanzania, Uganda and many more.

If you see your country here, it means your citizens prioritize moving out rather than fixing their own country and end up overwhelming systems they did not help build, while leaving the problems at home untouched.

Full list of affected countries:

- Afghanistan
- Albania
- Algeria
- Antigua and Barbuda
- Armenia
- Azerbaijan
- Bahamas
- Bangladesh
- Barbados
- Belarus
- Belize
- Bhutan
- Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Brazil
- Burma (Myanmar)
- Cambodia
- Cameroon
- Cape Verde
- Colombia
- Côte d’Ivoire
- Cuba
- Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Dominica
- Egypt
- Eritrea
- Ethiopia
- Fiji
- Gambia
- Georgia
- Ghana
- Grenada
- Guatemala
- Guinea
- Haiti
- Iran
- Iraq
- Jamaica
- Jordan
- Kazakhstan
- Kosovo
- Kuwait
- Kyrgyzstan
- Laos
- Lebanon
- Liberia
- Libya
- North Macedonia
- Moldova
- Mongolia
- Montenegro
- Morocco
- Nepal
- Nicaragua
- Nigeria
- Pakistan
- Republic of the Congo
- Russia
- Rwanda
- Saint Kitts and Nevis
- Saint Lucia
- Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
- Senegal
- Sierra Leone
- Somalia
- South Sudan
- Sudan
- Syria
- Tanzania
- Thailand
- Togo
- Tunisia
- Uganda
- Uruguay
- Uzbekistan
- Yemen