₦airaland Forum

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Nigeria has grown to be Africa’s largest economy; the country has transformed from an unpretentious mishmash to a soaring capital in less than a century. You will be amazed at how Nigeria has changed throughout history, from economic growth, population growth, innovative government, oil and gas boom, transportation, real estate developments and revolutions. We look back at the history of Nigeria, we remember the good times and the bad times, we also look at the way people used to live and dress.

We present to you old photos of Eric Chicago When he was a Peace Corps Volunteer In Nigeria that will show you how times have changed in Nigeria. These stunning photos show the big difference between those days and now:

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Now this is what i call a effed up questions!

Na so i dey ask oooooh

JaredNomak:
You expect your towel not to get dirty after bathing with just soap and water?

What happened to washing sponge?

Even with sponge, the towel must surely get dirty if you don't wash it duly.

baralatie:
The water molecules absorbed by the towel itself.this water is a portion of sweat mixed your runoff water.
This gives that discolouration after some consistwent accumulation with is know what you call a dirty towel!

Kingrapha:
dust that started growing in your mother's ovom abi? olodo

Hello Nairalander's I need Answer Please

viviangist2:
No don't Mind Him

May be na itel phone hin dey use to browse

[s]This kind of mess can only happen in a lawless country like Nigeria.[/s]

[s]

bluecircle470:
This post is arrant nonsense! Is ds obafemi? It seems u blind

[/s]

And who is dat man sitting on the floor

obagoal my guy

In Nigeria, especially Lagos, giving alms to the street beggar is an everyday occurrence as there is the traditional belief that it brings good luck, and the religious consider it a form of obligation.


There have been debates over the years, however, on the cause and effect of giving handouts to these beggars in the streets. The key argument is that giving to them endangers their lives in many forms and also makes getting them off the streets extra difficult.

No doubt, it is difficult to grapple the distressing sight of fellow humans living in horrid conditions, but in truth, it may be easier to weigh the situation of the beggar before you give in to your desire to bless them with alms. Some of these drifters are no longer just individuals garbed in dirty filthy clothes sitting around the roads with their arms outstretched, begging for alms; They are now also camouflaged as regular people walking the street, colonizing every part of the city and covertly harassing common citizens in a bid to satiate their greed or grow their begging trade.

Of course, there is always the rotten apple in every barrel and seeing as it is one week to Christmas – the season of sharing love and giving, you may want to close your eyes to the bad lot and give to these street beggars anyways…but before you do that, if you are in Lagos, read on to know the different kind of beggars there are, that way you are informed enough to know which is more deserving of gifts.


1. The Destitute Beggar

This is the classic beggar. The destitute beggar is the dirty, haggard, impoverished and pitiable soul lodged on the roadsides or under the bridges without a home or source of living. These set of people are unable to participate and compete in the workforce, and do not have anyone providing their welfare. Worse, they have no clue on where to go to for help, and so resort to handout from strangers for survival. It is usually difficult to pass by these people without dropping a coin or note; however, you can do better by pointing them to organizations (charities and churches) that can offer them long term restoration.

2. The Disabled Beggar

Have you ever been trapped in Lagos traffic and a tap on your side window reveals a physically disabled citizen asking for sustenance? The experience is usually heart wrenching as you are most times compelled to wonder: How did he live through his youth? Does he not have a family? What were his ambitions? The disabled beggar is another classic, and usually includes an amputee or someone infested with an extensive or terminal disease. Sometimes, these beggars sit in groups and usually have their ‘love-vendor’ not too far away. You really should not turn your back on these people.

3. The Mother-of-many

This kind of beggar is very easily encountered around market areas and strategic road corners in Lagos. A woman shabbily dressed, usually with sunken eyes that express her dire state of helplessness, sits with a number of babies, sometimes wailing continuously to draw attention and pity. They usually tell the sorrowful story of how they were abandoned by her husband or how she and her husband lost their jobs. These beggars who are hard to ignore, request for cash donations and food supplements from people who stop-by to offer assistance. There have been rumors that some of these beggars actually borrow these babies from other women and they work as a group, however, whatever the case, it is usually best to alert organizations to cater to such people, pointing them to the location of the beggar so they offer help where needed.

4. The Settle-Me road Lords

These are possibly the most annoying of the different beggars encountered in Lagos. This “settle-me” road lord is not your typical beggar with a genuine need and seeking for assistance. They are able-bodied individuals who lurk around busy areas demanding for privileges that they do not necessarily deserve. They target certain people either because they look affluent or vulnerable. Most popular are the ones on the island who stay around areas with bad roads, they help victims whose cars get stuck and then demand to be settled. These kinds of beggars usually work in groups and can get very belligerent, especially if you encounter them around their area.

5. The Stranded Professional

These are the newest breed of beggars. They are not shabby looking or haggard in appearance. Some of them wear very expensive clothes and perfumes. They are the group of people who accost you with stories of how their wallet was stolen or they ran out of cash and are now stranded in a particular location, with no funds for transport. Some of them even claim to be unfortunate tourists or travellers looking for funds to get on with their journey. While they are not dressed like the classic beggars, these people can be as equally persistent and annoying. If the amount you offer them is not up to their expectations, they get on with repeating their story, really emphasizing on the sad nuances of that tale, coaxing you into giving more.

6. The Entrepreneur Beggar

These “entrepreneurs” are pitiable but can be quite the nuisance as well. Have you ever been in traffic and a man comes to wash your windscreen without your consent and afterwards asks for recompense? Or have you been in the market and seen some ladies offering to beautify your skin with henna patterns and asking to be tipped afterwards? While these beggars are making an effort towards making a living by finding creative ways to earn money instead of just asking, they can be very annoying – especially when they are forcefully offer a service you do not particularly need or are averse to.

7. The Child Beggar

The child beggar is the child on the street that runs after you, tugging at your clothing, asking for handouts or financial assistance. Usually their parents sit not too far keeping a watchful eye while they go about begging. It is hard to ignore these children as their chants have a way of appealing to almost all kinds of people. It is best to give this kind of beggar food or clothing rather than cash, as they benefit better from those than cash – which are taken away by their parents. You can go further to make this child’s Christmas spectacular by donating clothes and toys.

It is certainly more blessed to give than to receive, and so, as you celebrate this Christmas, keep in mind that the holiday is not all about merry making and discount shopping, it is essentially a season of love and giving; and charitable giving is surely the way to go. Look for a way to bless a life… it is as easy as giving to a beggar on the street.

not serious at all

JUST WENT FOR HAIR CUT WITH THAT SO MANY ESCORT

Serendip:
I think most of the comments here are sad because even if you are agitating for a biafran state, it has not materialize now and Nigeria is still your country. For now, any mishap in Nigeria will affect you directly or indirectly, so why the superficial remarks?
Even if you won't pray for Nigeria, what about "Pray for Africa"? Are we so inferior and hypocritical that we think the life of an European is worth more than that of an African? Until we start being honestly concerned about the welfare of our homesteads and honestly pursuing our own cause, we shall forever be trampled and play second fiddle to the other world out there, whether as a biafran or Nigerian.
But we must know that staying together as one Nigeria is the best option. There are injustices, yes, but the cure for headache is never by cutting off the head.

NICE WRITEUP BRO

RECENTLY two Ijaws citizens have come
under the light of the agents charged with
corruption-Mrs. Deziani Allison – Madukwe,
and Chief D. S. P Alamieyesiegha. One was
arrested in London plushest address at no1
Park lane, another one was being sought out by the British police to answer charges of
money laundering. This piece in no way condones their alleged
corrupt practices and no one should read it as
such. For the benefit of doubt Mrs. Deziani
Allison-Madueke was charged for corruption;
the NNPC over which she presided was the
Sodom and Gomorrah of corruption and the stories about how allegedly corrupt NNPC was
a legion. As for Governor DSP Alamieyesiegha, he ran
away from Nigeria to undergo a tummy tuck
operation in Germany, when the warrant for
his arrest was issued in Dubai, he ran to
London where he was thoroughly watched by
the Secret Services of Britain. He left London, according to some sources, with the active
connivance of the British authorities, for Cote
de Ivorie en route to Nigeria. On arrival to
Nigeria he was promptly arrested by EFCC. But he spent several months in the hospital in
Lagos and Abuja before he was released. A
couple of years later he was pardoned by
President Goodluck Jonathan. About a fourth
night ago he was said to be wanted by the
British authorities for money laundering. He has not been enjoying good health, although
the incessant and unrelenting pursuit by the
British and other authorities could not have
improved his health. He died soon after. Let’s go back to the antecedent of
Alamieyesiegha’s impeachment. A good
precedent in law is that, although an
enthusiastic officer may pursue a case with all
due diligence, he may not do so while breaking
the law. Alamieyesiegha impeachment was a travesty of the Nigeria constitution. He may
have been a thief but the law demands proof in
a proper court by the prosecution that the
culprit is indeed guilty. The impeachment provision in our constitution
is antithetical to that very constitution which
guarantees to every individual the right of
justice. Mr. DSP Alamieyesiegha was
dragooned into impeachment by over zealous
EFCC members, on the order of higher authorities. There are 24 members of the
Bayelsa State House of Assembly. The EFCC simply picked up all of them and
asked them to account for the one billion Naira
constituency project they signed for, they
were all locked up at 15 Awolowo road and
asked to sign a declaration condemning the
government or explain a one billion naira constituency project each received in their
states. This declaration formed the basis of the
impeachment, which lasted eight hours from
when they returned, to Yenogoa in Bayelsa.
The House formed a committee to impeach,
asked the Chief Judge to draw up changes
and set up an impeachment tribunal which reported to the Chief Judge who rubber
stamped this Kangaroo court. Our constitution although is a legal document,
is written in simple English which could be
understood even by the near illiterate. Can
impeachment, proceed if it does ask for a
committee to draw up the charges, it does ask
for the intervention of the chief judge but it further asks, as is normal in other cases, for
the accused to be informed of the charges
against him on both occasions and more
importantly that the accused must be given a
right of reply within 21days after the charges
preferred against him have been published. None of this was done in Bayelsa. Mr.
Goodluck was the Deputy Governor and he
saw all these illegalities yet he accepted them
so that he may be Governor. When he
became President he attempted to right a
palpable wrong. He granted Governor Alamieyesiegha a pardon. The impeachment
of Alamieyesiegha took all of seven hours
from when the assembly men came back to
Bayelsa. Does this mean that the Governor
was not corrupt? Not at all. But it does mean
that our Law enforcement agencies cannot in the pursuit of a particular case commit a
plethora of offence and get away with them.
Most Nigerians have a simplistic view of
matters such as this: but the man was corrupt
etc. he should be in jail. Should this be the
case then for all the Governors, Presidents, Vice President we have ever had, should on
the say so of Nigerians be in jail. The case against Alamieyesiegha wasn’t
proved and can never be proved since he is
now dead. Many people would be puzzled as
to my stand in this issue clearly; they would
say Alamieyesiegha was guilty of corruption.
Why waste government’s time and money to prove the clearly evident? You do it because
it’s the basis of Democracy- a man is free,
innocent until proven guilty. Alamieyesiegha
was one of 36 thriving governors, one of
thousands thieving politicians; his death in no
way or reduces the culpability of the others. Alamieyesiegha was hounded to death
because he was a minority. Deziani’s case is more difficult to defend
because so far it is going according to Law.
Many Ijaws have complained about her
implacable hatred of her fellow ethnic
comperes; that her shadow fell far away from
the Ijaws: her favour went to many non Ijaws all of whom are lining up to put bigger nails on
her coffin. I am on record of saying that the job was too
big for her, just as Jonathan’s job, turned out
to be big for him. She inherited a broken
NNPC, totally unfit for purpose. She had no
one to advise her on what to do; those who
advised her became instant enemies. She worked in a kleptocracy and there was no
cause for her to distinguish herself in that
group except maybe excel in their peculiar
calling. Her appointment confirms a simple fact- the
International Oil Companies (IOC) are
inherently in an antagonist relationship to
NNPC. This is not that bad but one cannot
keep going to those one regulates to pick the
head of NNPC. Her knowledge of the business was skimpy but does she deserve her present
treatment? To answer such question we have to delve into
history. Oil which though no more than 10% of
GDP produces over 90% of funds for the
federal government which then divides the
proceeds among the 36 states. The governors
of the nine oil producing states are the super stars of Committee of Governors (COGs). As
far back as 2001 when oil prices started to rise
the political Mecca of politicians was Port
Harcourt, Uyo, Asaba, Bayelsa etc. No political
party holds convention anywhere else but in
these states and in Abuja where the tab was picked up by the oil producing state
Governors. These states had governors who
all wished to progress further to be President
or Vice President; all were promised such
reward for funding the party. There is nothing in this world simpler than
blowing up the ego of an already egotistical
governor. The Governors were the building
blocks on the tracks to the Presidential race
and there was no lack of supporters egging
them on. It was indeed for this reason that made the
President refuse to name a minister for oil:
instead he named an Adviser who lived in
Vienna and come from the north. Had he been alive Mr. Buhari would have had a
fight in his hand to get the nomination. Now,
comes Deziani who obviously had no interest
to be the president but supremely interested in
Mr. Goodluck, if the periodic scream of
Patience is to be believed. If she had presidential ambition she hid them very well.
But there was no doubt that she was the most
powerful minister and to cross her was to lose
your job. Her mooring were strong in the
presidency and she strengthened them with
other familiar relationships. That Patience was unable to unseat her is an
indication of her strength. Every other minister
who crossed her had reason to apologize. Her
strength was with Mr. Jonathan and once he
lost the election she was totally at sea with a
host of enemies. She never tried to build a power base or a constituency convinced, as
most of her colleagues were, that PDP would
win that election. How could they lose with a
war chest of trillions? My point, however, is not
to defend her but to point out the sorry state of
South-South geopolitical area since the demise of Alams and Ibori and Odili. These three were
in charge of funding PDP and is coterie of
politicians. They were no more corrupt than all other
governors, all politically exposed people who
worked a system that was mired in corruption.
If this is so, why the concentration on
punishment on people from South-South? Ibori,
Alams, Igbinedion, Deziani etc. (Peter was able to act an injunction to stop inquiries into his
affairs otherwise he would have been in the
soup also). If all of Nigeria was corrupt, why
select for opprobrium only those from the
South-South? There was a South-South NSA
who died an ignoble death. Nearly all the politicians from the area are on flight because
no one would protect them. I do not want the
mistaken impression that I condone the
corruption of South-South politicians, but if the
truth be told, they were no worse than their
counterparts the nation over. Indeed if they were to speak about how much
help they gave to the PDP then more people
would join them in their lonely cells in prison.
The South-South lacks political cohesion,
political power and political gravitas. They
never learnt how to build power structure, seduced as they were by the praise singers
who came with Lorries to carry away the loot
from South-South. The area remains the least
developed in Nigeria, to the shame of all those
who held power from the area. The Ijaws are the fourth largest ethnic group in
Nigeria but the weakest, politically. They are
larger than the Tivs or Idomas or Igallas all of
whom are better politically organized than the
Ijaws. The Ijaws suffer from the clear
jealousy of other groups who continue to exploit them and their divisions. If one is
blessed, as the Ijaws are with oil, then a
certain jealousy of that wealth cannot be
ignored but look how miserably poor the people
are and how despoiled their area has been? Who is the rich Ijaw man? How many of them
have been in the oil business and profited from
it? The Federal Government had a policy that
all industries established in a state would
attract a 10% of ownership for the State
housing the Industry. Thus, Anambra got 10% of Anamco. Lagos 10% of Volkswagen (VW)
and 30% of Julius Berger (JB). Oyo – 10% of
Leyland, Bauchi – 10% of Styr, Kaduna 10% of
Peugeot etc. Does River State have 10% of the fertilizer
plant, 10% of Petro Chemicals, and 10% of the
Refineries? Does Delta own 10% of the Steel
plant, 10% of the Refinery etc? When these
questions are asked a perfectly sensible
answer is given – the Refinery, the fertilizer plant, Petro Chemical is a product of oil which
is 100% Federal Property. On the face of it,
this sounds reasonable until you consider the
word property? What does it mean? If you can
give Kano, Lagos, Oyo, Anambra etc 10% of a
factory – is that not property? My point is that the sins of a few Ijaw people
cannot be used as the explanation of their
character. The second point is that they are
politically weak and exploited and what other
groups get away with the Ijaws somehow
cannot get away with the same sins. If all are thieves the Ijaw have stolen no more than
others. Moreover there is more to the Ijaws than the
horrible examples those who held office and
stole had displayed. There are many Ijaws that
have served the Federal and State
Governments without descending to the
depths of those being charged at the moment. Those Ijaws include W.O. Briggs, Dr. Nabo
Graham Douglas, Prof. Tam David West, Prof.
Tekena Tamuno, Chief Dappa Biriye, Mr.
Ajumogobia, Melford Okilo, and countless
many more. Finally the Ijaws condemn with
every inch of their being the failures of their own sons and daughters. But they demand, as
the Holy Book says, remove the beam in your
eyes before you can see the mote in mine. I have been accused of being like Mark
Anthony making a speech after Caesar’s
assassination “I come to bury Caesar, and not
to praise him.” As far as corruption is
concerned Mr. President must use the same
broom to sweep it out in both the PDP and the APC. We wait with baited breadth. The Ijaws are bigger than the Urhobos, the
Tiv, the Idomas, the Ibibios yet they lack the
power of these groups. The oil that feeds the
Federal Government is mainly from Ijaw land
and waters. Has anyone thought of how much
it would cost to clean these lands and waters? The reality is that when the oil dries up, the
IOCs will pick up and leave. This has been the
lot of small powerless people the world over –
look at what has happened to Southern
Liousiana where the blacks and poor whites
live. Less than 30 years ago there was one petrol
station in Yenogoa in the whole of Bayelsa.
There was none anywhere else: any in
Buguma, Tombia, Bakana, Abonnema, Okrika,
even Bonny. None in Brass, Nembe, Oporokuma etc. In all
these places till to-day Kerosene, which is their
main fuel for cooking, costs more than
anywhere else in Nigeria? Children still go to
school in canoes and buildings are still on
sticks jutting out of the water. There is nowhere in Ijaw land with portable water to
drink. We drink from wells. The toilets are still at the water side, next to
where they bathe. This degree of poverty is no
excuse for the excesses of our ministers and
Governors who obviously have not learnt the
art of hiding their wealth. What wealth is there
to hide when 80 per cent of the buildings are made of mangrove trees. There is no need to
go to Brazil to see how the natives live – just a
few miles out of Port Harcourt or Yenagoa or
Bomadi or Patani and you are in Ijaw country.
The water has the inevitable shine of oil
spillages. The people stand by the waterside and watch
their land being drained of its wealth as the
service boats and badges speed along to
destinations unknown. The Ijaws are a modern
misfit; cannot move speedily because the
boats cost too much. Cannot keep nurses and doctors in the cottage hospitals built because
these people have no after work recreation;
there is no recreation club in any Ijaw town
that I know, so no football, tennis, billiards etc. The people are just emerging from ravages
that insect parasites visit on their hairs, their
legs and feet – lice, jiggers etc. The men have
to go further afield for fishing; the women sell
next to nothing. Yet their culture is rich and
calls for wealth. The Chiefs are so poor that they are no better than beggars and their Local
Government Chairmen know this and treat
them with the ignominy beggars deserve.
Chiefs go to parties with plastic bags to carry
away food and drinks. The elegant chiefs
dresses many see when these chiefs go to Abuja, Port Harcourt, Asaba, Yenogoa – are a
chimera – a phantom of an age long gone to
which they pretend to succeed. No serious
Ijaw man stays in his village – to do what? He may have a decent house in Port Harcourt,
Yenegoa, Asaba, Warri and visits home like a
holiday maker at the weekends to see what he
can get. If an Ijaw man is president or Governor he will
try to sleep with five or six women every two
or three hours of the day. He will drink, usually
with his friends, with complete abandon. It is
not that he does not realize the weight of his
office. He does. But it does not matter to his psyche. We drink with one glass out of a basin
of home-made spirit. If it is a woman and she has money she will
spend it like water. She will order containers
from China that will seat for six years without
opening it. If she sees still new things she will
order more; she has no recollection what she
has ordered or how much. She will beg her husband to kingdom come for more money for
more orders. If she is rich enough she will buy
houses in almost all cities and may never enter
one of them. She will have no idea where her
documents are. All the above is obviously a caricature. Even
so, given the resources he so abundantly has,
if Nigeria’s law on minerals were different, the
Ijaws would react differently. In conclusion, the Ijaws have to stop being
small minded and come together. The Federal
Government destroyed an Ijaw town which
today remains destroyed. If we apply the same
rule, how much of the North East, Niger, Abuja
etc would be destroyed, flattened, because of Boko Haram? The Ijaws were being punished
for failure to stop an insurgency. The Ijaws are consumed by small minded
jealousies: – Okrika vs Ogoloma vs Bakana;
inter chieftaincy fights in Bonny and Finima;
Abonnema vs Buguma, Nembe vs Brass and
so forth. These divisions’ saps Ijaw power and
make them open to exploitation. Their land is polluted, their rivers are non habitable, their
people remain the poorest; the pollution in Ijaw
land cannot be ended given decades of
pollution by oil and gas; their livelihood is
precarious. And now to the rest of Nigeria, the
Ijaws are saying that no one has the right to ask an Ijaw man “what have you done with the
money we gave to you” When last I checked,
you cannot give me what is mine. Dr. Dele Cole, a former ambassador, wrote
from Lagos

A 15-year-old girl and her cultist boyfriend
were arrested over the weekend in Akwa Ibom
for being in possession of substances
suspected to be Indian hemp and a pistol. The police public relations officer, Cordelia
Nwanwe, who paraded the suspects before
reporters, said that the suspects were
arrested by the police detectives on routine
surveillance. Another suspect, who gave his name as Okon
Michael, and married with children, was also
arrested for defiling a teenager. The PPRO explained that due medical
examination had been carried out and the
suspect would soon be arraigned in court. Michael who spoke Ibibio language, blamed the
devil for his action and begged God for
forgiveness. The PPRO charged parents and guardians to
warn their wards against keeping late nights
and evil company. She also advised transporters to screen
packages before carrying them to avoid being
used to convey arms and other harmful
materials.

An association known as Nigeria Prison
Service Ration and Gas Contractors has
petitioned President Muhammadu Buhari over
N6 billion allegedly owed it by the Federal
Government. The association supplies food items and gas to
prisons across the country. The contractors, in a letter of appeal
addressed to Buhari, dated November 13, said
they had not been paid for food items and gas
supplied to prisons since January, 2015. They said they had resorted to taking bank
loans with all the accumulative interests and
that some of them had disposed of their
property to meet up. The letter was signed by the association's
President S. K Sanni, National Secretary
Eugene Agro and National Vice President
(North West) Ibrahim A. Asarakawa. According to the contractors, if they are not
paid before the end of November, they would
have no money to supply food items and gas
to the prisons in December. The letter read in part: "Needless to say that if
prisoners and inmates of the nation's prisons
are not fed for two days, they could go hay
wire and the consequences are not good to
imagine. We don't want any national
embarrassment for Mr. President and his new government. "We are therefore appealing to the
Commander-In-Chief to mobilise funds from
anywhere to settle our bill before it is too late,
knowing that top on his priority is security. We
have endured long enough."

SOURSE: m.goal.com/s/en-ng/news/4065/africa/2015/11/15/17366922/chan-2016-draw-pairs-nigeria-with-tunisia-niger-and-guinea

beejaychinedu:
Sunday Oliseh’s team has been handed an
easy group in the preliminary stages of the
2016 African Nations Championship billed for
Rwanda Nigeria will face Niger, Tunisia and Guinea in
Group C of the preliminary round of the 2016
African Nations Championship billed for
Rwanda. The draw was held on Sunday at the plush
Serena Hotel in Kigali, with Caf Secretary
General Hicham El Amrani conducting the
draw with the assistance of Rwanda captain
Haruna Niyonzima and head coach of the
Rwanda women’s national team Marie Grace Umuntu. Hosts Rwanda were zoned in Group A against
Gabon, Morocco and Cote d’Ivoire. Super Eagles were landed in a veritable easy
pool where they will be facing former
champions Tunisia and debutants Niger and
Guinea in Group C. Group A will be based at the Amahoro Stadium
in Kigali, Group B in Butare, Group C at the
Nyamirambo Stadium, also in Kigali with
Gisenyi hosting Group D.
The final tournament of the Orange CHAN
2016 will take place from 16 January to 7 February 2016 in Rwanda.

SOURSE: m.goal.com/s/en-ng/news/4065/africa/2015/11/15/17366922/chan-2016-draw-pairs-nigeria-with-tunisia-niger-and-guinea

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Biafra history
After the end of the British rule in 1960, Nigeria consisted of territories that were not part of the nation before the colonisation, resulting in escalating tensions among the communities.
People in the Eastern Region − a former federal division of Nigeria with capital Enugu − mainly from the Igbo community, wanted to secede due to ethnic, religious and economic differences with other communities in Nigeria. The Eastern Region gained independence and proclaimed itself the Republic of Biafra following two coup d'etats in 1966 and 1967.
The fact that Nigeria's oil was located in the south of the country played a major role in the eruption of the war, during which medicine and food shortages in Biafra led to the death of millions of people.
Biafra has been commonly divided into four main "tribes" − the Igbos, the Ibibio-Efiks, the Ijaws and the Ogojas. The modern-day states that make up Biafra from the eastern region and midwest are: Anambra, Enugu, Imo, Delta, Bayelsa, Abia, Cross River, Akwa-IbBiafra history
After the end of the British rule in 1960, Nigeria consisted of territories that were not part of the nation before the colonisation, resulting in escalating tensions among the communities.
People in the Eastern Region − a former federal division of Nigeria with capital Enugu − mainly from the Igbo community, wanted to secede due to ethnic, religious and economic differences with other communities in Nigeria. The Eastern Region gained independence and proclaimed itself the Republic of Biafra following two coup d'etats in 1966 and 1967.
The fact that Nigeria's oil was located in the south of the country played a major role in the eruption of the war, during which medicine and food shortages in Biafra led to the death of millions of people.
Biafra has been commonly divided into four main "tribes" − the Igbos, the Ibibio-Efiks, the Ijaws and the Ogojas. The modern-day states that make up Biafra from the eastern region and midwest are: Anambra, Enugu, Imo, Delta, Bayelsa, Abia, Cross River, Akwa-Ibom, Rivers, Ebonyi, southern part of Ondo State, Igbanke in Edo State and southern part of Benue State.
Amalgamation contract and birth of Nigeria
Pro-Biafrans cite the expiration of a so-called "amalgamation contract" as one of the reasons to justify their quest to separate from the rest of Nigeria.
The contract was issued by Britain during the colonisation era and was aimed at integrating people from the north and the south within 100 years, since it was issued despite cultural, religious and economic differences among the various ethnic groups.
The contract, now at the National Archive of London, was created in 1914 by Frederick John Dealtry Lugard, the governor general of modern-day Nigeria. The document, opposed by the political class and the media in Lagos, expired in 2014.
The term "Nigeria" was created by Lugard's wife, British journalist Flora Shaw, in 1897 when she suggested to replace the "British protectorate of the Niger River" with a shorter term.