Presenting a project by a collective effort sounds easy to achieve than doing a solo presentation; I mean for undergraduates, it keeps the shy ones behind the stage and those who suffer stage fright often gets relieved because they will end up not actually saying anything before the class knowing that someone was going to do that in their behalf. While doing a solo presentation such as defending undergraduate project topics and research materials can be tagged challenging, it’s even more tasking to harness a group presentation and make it work out.

Meanwhile, group presentation promises less pressure compared to solo presentation with a unique challenge; the challenge majorly emanates from the stress of gathering the collective responsibility of every member of that group plus the collaborative zeal to make the public outing together worthwhile. It sound easy already but you know you still haven’t got it right.

Here are few guides to final year students on working group presentation strategies.

First, there must be a moderator
It could be a unanimous choice of a moderator or a voluntary task, there must be someone who opens the floor for the presentation and probably the conclusion. The Moderator observes the protocols and gives an overview of the academic task the group has done. That’s a good way to start. However, the choice of a moderator should be made very early to avoid confusion at the stage.

Build the presentation together
Many group presentations have failed because just a few persons from the group and sometimes the group leader alone prepares the entire work and at the presentation morning, everyone else come running with so much concern about the topic of the presentation; undergraduates are so fund of it. Their undergraduate project topics wouldn’t be so much burden if only it was a group work

If that’s you, it is best to contribute your effort and have a voice in the presentation. You may never see the need to do this until a question is thrown directly at you from the panel judges. In such cases, your group performance is rated using your responses.

Divide the presentation with time
To ensure equal participation among group members, the presentation should be divided into segments each person handling a segment and following coherently. All the group speakers must be able to agree on certain viewpoints so that the division into segments does not bring confusion to the table of agreement.

To ensure a successful final year projects experience, undergraduates needs to establish a close rapport with their lecturers who would consequently turn out being their final year projects supervisor during their undergraduate project research. It has been reportedly stressed that research turns out stressful for some undergraduates due to poor relationship with their supervisors. Most of which could be closely linked to poor communication approach.

If that is one of the issues are scared to face or already facing as final students, below are subtle strategies for stronger interaction between you and your project supervisor.

Ask open ended questions
As much as you are aiming a close rapport with your project supervisors as students, they themselves also wish to maintain their integrity and earn that respect they deserve from. They expect you come to them submissively. If you want that interaction so dearly, then you must be ready to ask open ended questions as regards your final year projects not the one that requires a ‘yes or no’ answer. When they end up answering the questions, keep the idea coming by asking follow-up questions. I will make the interaction longer, narrative and elaborate.

Mind your body language
No matter how discrete and close the interaction gets, be very mindful of what you say and what body language you showcase. If you still cherish the privilege of having that close rapport with your project supervisor, then you must mind your body language each time you go for a consult.

Talking about body language, it causes a lot of disputes especially among people with language differences in that what mean could be mean a totally different thing to another. If it is not necessarily don’t use it with anyone who doesn’t understand. I quite understand that body language usually comes out of impulse, but it comes out of the abundance of the heart.

Stay up to date with current events
Lecturers get fascinated with students who are native to current events; they won’t just rub minds with you, they will like to hear your logical opinion on the issues too. You could even heighten their expectations when you propose constructive and innovative ideas.

In a recent video posted by an entrepreneur, influential author and speaker Ben Tracy, he shared a number of regular bad habits that cuts into our productivity each day. As students however, what applies to you may not equally or necessarily apply to everyone else; borrowing from the knowledge shared by Tracy, here are bad habits that destroys the productivity of students specifically especially those in the final year or probably trying to embark on their final year projects research.

Complaining
According to him, no one has succeeded by complaining and not doing anything about it; if you are not comfortable, you have to work it to your desired change. Conversely students do a lot of complaining especially when they are given a bad impression or even get a biased story about lecturers, courses, final year projects, examination questions and most of all final year project supervisors. Just because they heard, they complain about every other negative outcome from any of them no matter how insignificant it may be.

If you do lot of complaining as a students you will practically find almost everything tedious and impossible to achieve and will possibly one of the habits that destroy your productivity.

Not prioritizing
Ben Tracy added that the best way to prioritize is to do what matters most first. As a student, do you really do what matters most first? What matters most to you may be totally out of place for the future you desire which automatically rules it off the to-do. Not prioritizing leaves you without direction till the day is over, throwing productivity to the trash can.

Online distraction
The distractions on the social media, games, videos and some social activities available online is enough to keep you engaged as long as you want. Even when you are doing something quiet meaningful, a beep from the phone can just pull your entire attention away thereby cutting down your work time.

Students who are into their final year projects can easily get distracted online while trying to surf the internet for research insight. Tracy advises you put off your phones if you can do without it or customize some setting in your gadgets in a way it doesn’t interfere in your own task.

Sleeping habitually
The good book says that a little sleep, a little slumber, a little folding of hand brings a man to poverty. When as a student you delight so much in sleep and rest, your productivity will certainly be less than expected. Like I will always add, students doing their final year projects are not encouraged to be lazy. You only sleep when it is necessarily and get to work when you should. Time moves faster when you are late and you can never bring it back. Work so hard to beat time doing your final year projects research so you have enough time to master the content.

The basic human needs, clothing, food and shelter depends solely on land and the resources which proceeds from it thus making land not just enough entity for research but also a very lucrative investment lead. Estate management project topics of recent research focuses attention on making comfort a reality and even more an investments; being a major area of concern, undergraduates will intrigue me madly if they cease estate management as just a field trip for their research project but also as a earns of livelihood.

Undergraduates particularly final year students of Estate management are fascinated to save rather than invest; they find it difficult to decipher when to save, when to invest and when to spend. That’s a wrong approach to facing life after school as a graduate of Estate management; but not to worry ‘cos there are just few but significant leads below to help you make a positive move towards investment after choosing and doing a research project in Estate management.

Lucrative investment leads for Estate management final year students/graduates
As an undergraduate, doing business will only keep your wallet heavy but investment is a promise of sustainability for tomorrow; so don’t inter-switch business and investment. The one and only investment lead of our time is to invest in assets that appreciate with time.
Which of assets will be affordable to students, fresh graduates of estate management and sundry

Land
You may not have gathered enough financial resources to purchase a piece of land in the city as a student but you may be fortunate enough to purchase one that the proximity is closer to town. Land can be quite expensive in some places especially big and popular cities but on the average at some locations. You may not have enough to pay at once but you can collaborate to do so or even do it in installment with a trusted person. So collaboration works it. If the land is close to a city, it means development is coming to that neighborhood soon. The overflow from the city will gradually shift into the remote places making your investment ripe for harvest though it may time some years.

Durable food stuffs
If you can’t invest directly in purchasing a piece of land, you can invest on proceeds from it. It is even better to invest on the durable ones like rice, melon, dry pepper, soya beans, beans and these seasonal crops. Buy them when they are freshly harvested and sell it when the price is high.

Estate management and its income require strategic planning and timing for profitability; from lands to houses, to rents, regional planning and construction. These are high sounding words for undergraduates and it was necessarily we strike a lead from the grass root especially for estate management final year students.

It goes without saying that computer science is meant to be an engaging discipline; if you end up not going to school at all and still have the flare to study computer science, you always have the chances to learn it as a professional skill. Now concerning computer science projects, there are factors you may tag insignificant that largely influence your choice of computer science project topics.

They are simple guidelines that inform your cognitive about the kind of project topics to bring to table as a computer science project student for approval.

Hardly goes without design and implementation
Computer science projects topics are rarely written just to dispose of the papers; they are largely meant to be implemented. Unlike most of the project topics in various disciplines that seeks to find causes, effects, influences, reactions about people and issues, computer science projects keeps an eye on the issues in the society that is solvable by technology, see samples.

It is often tech related
Tech has no choice with computer science, infact this discipline gained access into the academic curriculum as soon as technology emerged and penetrated into our daily affairs including education. As one of the factors to consider while choosing your computer science project topics, be conscious of the fact that you wouldn’t find it tasking, engaging and rewarding to do an almost flat project. There are project topics like that though but they hardly gain approval especially if there is nothing to show for it.

Tackles feasible problems using tech
When I mentioned in the last-but-one paragraph that computer science projects hardly goes without implementation, it does not point to just any sort of implementation, it specifically points to technology inclined implementation.

The increasing wave of technology influencing almost every area of our lives is enough to let you know that, whatever you want to implement as a computer science project student has to be technology inclined or nothing at all.

As students however, much is not expected of you; whatever you are doing is a way of letting you show what the prototype of your solution looks like so that peradventure there is room for sponsorship or better and available financial resources, there will be something to commence with.

The samples of computer source codes you will see using the link above, has helped programmers a lot in building solutions; you need to have a second look.

Leave a comment if you have a question or opinion to posit.

Burning bridges is nothing different from limiting record-breaking grounds for oneself because it makes no room for retreat. The place of retreat in final year projects research, so to say is nothing close to going back to one’s vomit, it’s about revisiting what has been established in the past, learning from it and pushing further for a better research outcome. Issues relating to final year projects for undergraduates have always be attributed first to how to choose good project topics for research; this long standing pitfall have not just influenced the choices of project topics negatively, there is equally a remarkable trace of low availability of resource materials for undergraduates making the place of retreat in research a very complicated mission.

That notwithstanding, if your plans of final year project ideas from previous research have been defeated or you probably do not want to have such ugly experience, this guide is meant to help you align your thought on best practices of solving the low availability of final year project research materials plus the results it will yield in undergraduate research.

Recycling research materials
Not until recently, research materials are hardly regarded weeks or months after the event of project defence; so it was difficult finding a previous final year project work that is related to the current research you are into atleast to make reference to. This issue brigs to limelight the solution of recycling project research materials specifically in its soft format.

The idea is that leaving research materials in an online repository is safe, durable and equally available for use to further research use. This solution however largely depends on you as undergraduates because, if you do not make available the soft copy of your project or even upload them online, it will hardly go digital or even survive time and will hardly be of help for further research.

Academic journals
You can equally plan to publish your research materials to academic journals as a way of keeping your projects alive for future researchers. Sometimes it is published in papers, booklets and even online but the sole aim is to provide a reliable reference point for final year project students during research.

Publishing research projects in journals however is actually earned and sometimes involves some financial responsibilities but it’s a good way to keep research memories while also making it available for future research.

Simple procedures must be followed carefully during research and many other activities that surround education and its programs. When such procedures are not noted and followed, you might be failing and will never get the research right. This singular fact gives constant heads up in choosing accounting project topics. You can’t be so sure that your accounting project supervisor or instructor is to blame for the repeated failure in choosing an accounting project topic for your research. You will be challenged to go back to your drawing board if these three reasons are convincing enough.

Your interest is still lifeless
It doesn’t matter how much pretense you wear before your project supervisor, if your interest in the accounting project topic you choose is not represented , am sorry because you will be soon be stranded if it gets an approval. So how does your interest in your project topic become evident without saying?

• Your research project proposal should be spiced with specifics that clearly defines the scope of your accounting project

• It is assumed you are familiar of the variables and terms that define the accounting project topic you have chosen.

Get the variables right
I tell you, the accounting project topics you have chosen may have failed you because you got the variables wrong; It shows lack of interest in the research. The variables in a typical undergraduate research comprise the dependent and independent variables. The two must have common grounds which the research brings to bear; when that purpose is defeated first in your project topic or accounting project topic so to speak, it will hardly gain an approval from your supervisor.

Did you include study population the last time?
Just before you conclude, recall that a project topic does NOT end in variables, the research population must be highlighted if not mentioned in the topic. The research population is not the sample size mind you; but the sample size is in the population. Do well to include that if you haven’t.

If these or one of these reasons have made you go back to your project supervisor every other day for topic approval, you need to treat that with immediate effect. Every word in any accounting project topic and ofcourse any research topic of any field is considered a term, concept or variable. Your knowledge and interest in the topic helps you differentiate them.

Let’s here you out if this solution didn’t work out for you.

Teaching as it were isn’t what it is today and certainly not what it’s going to be in the future because the influx of technology in almost every area of our lives in influenced directly or partially. As a matter of fact, education is one of the most influenced global sectors as far as modern technology is concerned. Our attention here is mostly drawn to Artificial intelligence (AI) which is more like the very hot technology which people are yet to have a full grasp on neither do they seem to understand which direction it is headed. But what we do know is that it has raised a lot of controversy while at the same time promises a lot of convenience, comfort and efficiency in economy, business, politics, security, health, surveillance, transportation and ofcourse education.

Education, teaching and technology have been such great combo together from the days of world wide web (www) which introduced internet search till the period when distant learning became the talk of the day; the top-notch and very recent of them is artificial intelligence which already is taking over. For as many who can afford and secure them, artificial Intelligence affords great teaching and learning experiences to teachers and students alike.

Let’s consider quickly how teachers can apply AI in classrooms (the good)

It helps students visualize abstract scenarios

Good and trained teachers love to sight instances because it goes a long way to promote the testimony students would likely share but it makes a whole lot of difference when they get to see for themselves. Technology has made these AI-embedded technologies available to teachers. Teaching history, virtual excursions and the likes are examples of the many areas AI can be deployed to enable students learn about the world around them which they can’t possibly see from the world they can see.

Helps to personalize learning

AI is very likely to make available to teachers a chat-bots and software which will not just answer questions of students automatically but also suggest trial and error moments to student while at the same time gathering and supplying data to the teacher about the information regarding the learning skills and Intelligent Quotient of each student.

This digital solution serves as a guide to academic institutions and teachers on how to deal with and structure their curriculum to suit the learning difference inherent in students.

Helps execute collaborative learning

Collaborative learning in this sense does not just apply to student-student formula, it also applies to teacher-student-teacher formula. This implies that students learn from their teachers who also learn and analyze their learning skills through the help of technology.

Students through AI are privileged to share their experiences when they are made to visualize abstract realities like places in history, wide-life and places they have never been to in real life which is made possible my augmented and virtual reality software solutions. This and many of these sorts of exposure are added advantage to students when they are set to choose their research areas.

With much exposure to the world from the classrooms, ideas are stirred in the mind of student who are poised to solve some of the world’s problems starting from the basics which is classified under their final year projects proposals.

Now the controversy

The fear that artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies may overtake the humans is already spreading. Some say however, that no matter how much it tries, machines can never replaces teachers in class rooms either as virtual tutors or whatever.
The latter argument is raised on the fact that, AI works with data but when not supplied, the potency is limited. They argue further that AI can only play an assisting role in aiding teaching and learning but can never replace teachers.

Finally, the federal government of Nigeria has sealed the minimum wage proposal presented by the Labour Union. Although the proposal has been signed and approved by the President of the federal republic of Nigeria since April 2019, the agreement spiked much debate among law makers concerning the possible implementation of the percentage of the proposed policy on all the salary grades.

This debate has quickly drawn my attention to the consequential issues surrounding the formulation and implementation of government policies as opined by research - see political science projects. I for one, formulating policies especially by government such as the minimum wage is meant to foster adjustment for the parties involved. It brings to bare the exercise of thinking and planning to suit certain situations which will either favour a group or the masses.

I for one, if such policies must be implemented, the currency value of the Nigeria (naira) should be improved so that their will not be too much money in circulation without ability to meet as much value as it should.

Talking about the minimum wage implementation, that policy did not go so well for the law makers knowing the implication it has on the country since every salary level from level 7 to 17 will expect an increase in salary; it needed specifications which must be agreed upon by the federal government and the labour union of Nigeria.

Against the demand of 29% increase for level 7- 14 and 24% for level 15 – 17, the federal government of Nigeria and the Labour Union has agreed to implement 23% for level 7, 20% for level 8, 19% for level 9, 16% for level 10-14, 14% for level 15- 17.

Despite the Joy raised by labourers, there is controversy and a sense of doubt in the air about the possibility of the federal government to implement this new policy signed into law. They have raised questions like;

• It’s not about approving the minimum wage, how soon will it reflect in my salary?

• Can someone explain what the percentage means in cash?

Some corps members still insist that until the increment reflects on their monthly ‘allowee’, they may never believe in the new minimum wage policy.

It will interest you to know that codemint has recently uploaded new and recent project entries to benefit undergraduates that are doing their final year in tertiary institutions. These new project topics and research materials are of benefit to students of various academic fields with the intent of facilitating research planning and subsequent execution.

On normal bases, codemint has thousands of final year projects which are categorized into academic departments and faculties. In this case, each department has various final year projects that are within the scopes of these fields of study. Mind you, they are not obsolete; they as useful and are as much important as the very recent ones.

One thing I like codemint for; they from time to time, do away with research materials whose theories, principles and ideas are outdated to make room for new and fresh research ideas. From all indication, they are advocating for easy and better research experience for students who are just having their first and only experience in research as undergraduates by establishing a quick search solution in seconds, instant download solutions and easy classification and identification of research materials.

What to do with the new project entries and other final year projects as an undergraduate.

• Plan your final year project research with it

• Such research materials constitutes one of the major sources you must consult doing your research project. The clause where you have, review of opinion and existing literature is actually suggesting that you do a review of what previous research have found out regarding the project topic which you are going to research on. On that note, you are to discuss the procedure taken in the research and the research outcome; after which you state the significance of the previous research to your own research.

• Aside the review, there are bulks of ideas to borrow from to help align your thoughts right. New ideas and development has saturated the atmosphere, these new project topics are expressions of the new areas of research.

• The final year projects are also meant to inspire other research ideas and topics in you.

I hope you find them useful.

Research has shown that one of the issues associated with indigenous business growth across the globe is marketing. Very significant among them is the lack of understanding of a better way to sustain the marketing of skilled labor. Viewing this issue from the professional point of view, it’s very easy to peg this issue to lack of professionalism and if so, is everyone meant to go through the formal education to be licensed for skill? Well no…a typical trade person would rather opt-in for a six years apprenticeship and get settled after learning and serving his ‘Oga’ (boss) than go through school where he is not even so sure of being financially equipped for the real trade business after school.

One research gift: I ‘did like you to enhance your understanding on indigenous business growth via these research topics in business administration

But that’s not much of the problem though; the issue here is that most of the skilled labors like plumbing, roofing, sewing, and making of thatched roofs (for hotels, cool huts in residential houses), skilled writing and many more are almost not marketed strategically such that a legacy is sustained to benefit generations to come. We rather promote and celebrate short term sales and income rather than brand building and sustainability of skilled labor.

To deal with this issue, a system of educating young people and skilled laborers on how to build a career around their skills with a touch of professionalism is enough to say good bye to extinction.

Skilled laborers, many that I know, do not make so much out of their skill because they are not trained to approach those who can really pay for the tasks they can do; they only work for you if you approach them. Writing of proposals may never have crossed the minds of many skilled laborers because they didn’t learn the business side of the skill.

That’s one of the missing links I mentioned earlier and to deal with them, the following should be considered;

• Established skilled laborers can professionally institute training grounds for up-coming skilled laborers.

• The institutes can be a starting base for the trainees both financially and professionally

• Every trainee should be issued license for professional operation and should be subject for upgrade. This is so that as new skills emerge, the trainees are compelled to adopt the contemporary trends.

• The training may be substitute for formal education as long as it is bent on aligning skilled laborers to the top and matching them with professionalism and sustainability

As it should, your final year project as an undergraduate should mirror your area of specialization and your level of skill and knowledge in that field aswell. However, this guideline should be followed having in mind the need to follow trends and allow the principles of relevance to take its course. For computer science students therefore, it is almost compulsory to maintain this rule.

Talking about computer science, it is one of those universal course that is vast and almost inexhaustible. In the IT industry, we have several trends now ranging from the artificial intelligence which has found its way into almost every of our daily discussions, virtual reality and augmented reality, big data and the likes. Having the knowledge of these areas of IT at your disposal, you can craft a research topic that has the nature of any of these computer science project topics.

One may ask; what research issue scan I relate to the above mentioned IT areas ?

Now let’s take them one after another;

Artificial Intelligence: You can write, design and implement final year projects about biometric verification, voice recognition, facial recognition, local analytics using data etc. in any area could be anchored in the education sector, in politics, in business, in churches, in accessories and the likes.

Virtual and augmented reality This area of IT has become very visible in gaming, graphics and I believe so much that it can play significant role in the education sector especially when it has to do with history learning and virtual expedition which creates a sense being-there in the imagination of the learners. Put that to thought.

Big data This is one the major areas that stimulates and influences innovations in the IT industry, a lot of data are carefully and strategically matched to make innovations come to bare. As a computer science student, you can implement a project based on data, no matter how small all you need is get the right algorithms and get your design set.

The future has a lot that we can’t exactly imagine for now; all we have to do is to prepare. Yeah but how? Lately, we have seen the academic curriculum graduate from response reading of A, B, C to Z and counting numbers to learning computing skills. Outside the academic sphere, every other skill acquisition is technology inclined; the smart ones are aiming to meet-up with the fleeting digital transformation while the dull ones are left out.

School teachers suspected that students may find it difficult to cope with the world outside after school and so they included computer learning into the academic syllabus. As if that wasn’t enough, undergraduates used it to facilitate research procedures to by-pass unnecessary stress. Via online platforms, they access project topics ideas and research materials for references. Everything has been working smoothly until virtual and augmented reality came through.

At first, we all thought that the future ended with the acquisition of computer skill like Microsoft application until the internet came. From there, computer programming and code writing became the order of the day; now code writing is already saturated in the midst of many programming languages and so what’s next?

The contemporary job opportunities require good digital skills and technological expertise knowing that robots and machine are slowly replacing human labor. Ohw, I haven’t mentioned the introduction of blockchain technology which has drastically modified the global financial market. In the midst of these fast transformation, the question of the best way to prepare for the future sets in.

How do we prepare for the future?

The best way to prepare for the future is to be flexible, willing to learn new things and the ability to adapt to new changes and skills. You can bear with me that the old time businesses that refused to adapt to the digital transformation later ran out of clients even before they realized it. Try not to make the same mistake again.

Just listen, pay attention to new information, learn and adapt to prepare for the future.

Approaching the end of their academic tenure in tertiary institutions, students are expected to undertake rigorous academic exercises, basically research based; most of which are meant to be presented before an audience of lecturers and students and probably invited guests. There are cases where project topics have to be chosen over and over again, research materials will so much be in demand and one is prompted to ask a question like- how many research papers will I have to write in my final year?

Generally, undergraduates do one academic research in their final year which is often referred to as final year project; it could be an academic research paper, implementation of a research design or even discovery; now that’s one. On the other hand however, some institutions or academic faculties demand that students present or propose some other mini-research before they graduate.

In that case, we could have students choosing a seminar research topic aswell as a project topic. In other words, undergraduates could do two academic research papers in their final year. So what’s the difference?

Research project is a full research which is done following a rigorous procedure but a seminar is a mini-project that could only require just a case study of an issue and not some extensive or elaborate research. In some cases, undergraduates are expected to do their seminar before their final year, probably in their third year while in some other cases, students present their seminar in their final year prior to their project.

Writing a seminar paper prepares undergraduates for their research project; it brings them into having a practical understanding of what it means to do a research. Students choose seminar topics the same way they choose project topics, have them approved by their supervisors or instructors and proceed to writing it under the guidance of their instructors.

In the world of business, competition is inevitable. Too many businesses offer the same products or services and still want to stand out. Old businesses would have to remind their clients of their existence from time to time and if a new product has just been introduced into an industry, serious work needs to be done; the business world is already saturated yet more are still coming. Businesses have subscribed to promotional programmes; started many years ago and it has been working out plans so far in the businesses world.

Business promotional tools (advertising and public relations) have the primary aim of inspiring brand loyalty among clients or prospective clients; but they go about reaching this aim via different routes. Advertising is a radical means of promoting a product or service on billboards, radio, TV commercials, social media and all, with the promise of a unique offering which other similar products or services may not have. Public relations on the other hand is very subtle; it aims at establishing a relationship between clients and businesses through impactful community development strategies.

See project topics and research materials in PR and Advertising for more

Answering the question…

When a bank, say GTbank erects a building for a university and calls it ‘GtB building’, that is public relations. But if Gtbank comes to your community with their campaign, announcing their new offering and share flyers, that’s advertising. But amongst the two, which is more lasting and impactful? I guess you would say PR.

Many would prefer PR as a cool marketing tool for their businesses but it takes time to build; it’s about building trust and brand loyalty. Initially, it seemed like PR was so expensive to afford for a long run but not anymore, not when businesses can leverage their online platforms to reach out to their clients.

Here are simple ways to build trust and brand loyalty using PR

If your business can’t afford to build schools, houses, lecture halls, bore holes, electricity for a community, am sure you will find these other options less expensive;

• Offer free advice on effective product use

• Organize a meetup under your business’ umbrella and let your clients showcase their businesses too

• Do a free biz from time to time

• Sponsor events that you can afford

• Share branded materials, books, umbrella, t-shirts etc to people with your business name.

Advertising on the other hand has become controversial, especially radical ones. Critics say they tend to incite the ‘Oliver twist syndrome’ in consumers, leading to unprecedented spending. Yet it is a quick tool to make clients aware of products’ existence and ofcourse make sales.

Advertising uses the following strategies to call your attention and interest;

• Story telling

• Pictures, images, animation

• Music and sounds to create a mental picture in the mind of their clients.

The fact is this;

If you want to build your brand, insist on public relations and if you want to sell, go for advertising. If you want to make sells and build your brand, I guess you know the answer already.

To be guided properly while tracing a map, the map reader must trust the map keys, for an organization or business report, there should be an executive summary but for most research papers - a thesis, a review, final year project, there should be an abstract. The abstract of undergraduate project topics, often positioned at the entry point of a research material is usually written at the end of the entire research process. A reader or the audience of your research can decide to or not to continue reading your presentation after taking a look at your project abstract.

This is the more reason you need to understand the role an abstract plays in your research structure, the two forms of an abstract and the acceptable structure for final year project abstract.

There are two forms of abstract

Informative abstract

Descriptive abstract

Informative abstract: This form of abstract in research simply tells the reader what is contained in the research material without actually detailing how the researcher went about gathering the information.

Descriptive abstract: This form of abstract does not just inform you about the information contained in the book, it points out very quickly, every step taken to realize the research outcome. This form of abstract is often recommended for undergraduate research.

Here is a format for the structure of an abstract in descending order

It is not compulsory to structure your abstract following this order but it very necessary that these information below are available in your project abstract.

• The research purpose ( the project topic or the statement of problem)

• The research method used (observation, experiment, survey, content analysis, case study, etc.)

• Research findings

• Conclusion or recommendation
Role of an abstract in undergraduates’ final year projects

• It gives first hand, a detailed and quick analysis of the entire research so that even when you do not wish to continue reading through, you have the major picture captured.

• An abstract is an entry point after contact with the project topic.

Most of computer science project topics are planned to have a design they ought to implement at the end of the research exercise; this simply means that only a handful of them are completed without a design. While this may not sound familiar to every computer science undergraduate due to ‘exposure factor’, I wish to make you understand how necessary it is to build a framework for your computer science research work.

To implement undergraduates’ computer science projects, students rely on software called computer source code. Source codes give a programmed, open-source framework and set of instructions that pictures what your research outcome will look like if actually implemented.

See computer science project source code samples

How is computer science project source codes used?

Source codes are written in human readable languages, like English by programmers. This is done so that even someone who doesn’t have an idea about programming or computer languages will understand. Source codes contain a set of instructions that will guide the execution of a project. Just like a designer who drafts plan for a building; he includes set of instructions for the measurements, positioning and placements so even when he is not there, anyone can follow the plan layout and do the right thing.

Computer source codes are universally used and applied almost the same way. They serve as frameworks on which ideas are built. For computer science undergraduates and their final year projects, a source code gives a clear picture of the project and idea a student is proposing to work on. This is the reason most of the project topics in computer science use such terms like ‘design and implementation of ….’

Computer source codes are defenseless, once you have access to one, you can use it and build on it. This makes it a very useful tool for not just computer science students alone but to programmers alike.

Choosing a research method for final year project topics rely greatly on the nature and variables in a research topic. This means therefore that every research topic has one or two research methods soothing to realize a good research outcome. There are several research methods and so does the instrument required to gather data for each case.

I ‘did like to put you through the types of research methods, the various cases it could be applied and instrument for data gathering.

Content analysis
This research method is used to study documentations, written communication messages (news, feature, editorials, memos, text etc.) and graphical communication messages (like photos, videos, audio, animations etc.) and organizational behavior in the social sciences. It is also applied to study communication patterns in organization settings.

Instrument for data gathering using content analysis
Basically the instrument for data gathering in content analysis is a coding sheet. It’s a tabular sheet, presented in rows and columns with the content categories, unit of analysis, year(s) of study, months, days and time, as the case may be.

Survey
Survey is used to gather and understand the opinion of a research population, their perception on an issue, influence of certain services, products and programmes on users and clients (i.e. research population) . Survey is one of the most widely used research methods since it has gained popular acceptance in various fields of human endeavor.

Instrument for data gathering using survey
Questionnaire is one of the most widely used instruments for gathering data in survey. Lately however, researchers have leveraged web- based survey to gather data especially if the research population is scattered and distant plus the fact that it guarantees convenience in data gathering.

Case study
This research method is used when you want to study an individual case over time, draw inferences from the outcome and give a generalized conclusion of the outcome. This individual case can be a group, a community, specie, a place, a person, a team and the likes.

Instrument for data gathering in case study
Doing a case study, you can adopt observation, interview, and experiment. The research population is studied over time to be able to draw a considerable inference from it.

Experiment
This research method is mostly applicable in the sciences, medicals, pharmaceuticals etc.; It is mostly done in the laboratory.

The instrument for gathering data in experiment
Specimen is usually the case.

Gathering research data is a critical aspect of undergraduate final year projects but when it comes to getting it from friends it becomes a little difficult; not so difficult per say but few perks to make fun of. Funny friends have a way of making you feel silly when you ask something like “ do you like dating dark guys?” The answers, if you are not careful may get you upset or even discourage you from asking further questions.

But here are fun and easy ways to collect meaningful data from your friend while doing a research.

Inter-personal survey
You can seize any opportunity in class, at the canteen, in the hostel, hangout or even a chatty moment to bring your research questions to bear. Hear this; let them understand how important their response it to your research. So that no matter how funny they may find it, they will still yield positive responses. To make the most of it, you can record their responses or offer to write the responses yourself rather than stressing them.

Seek opinions from your social communities
Social communities that you have joined online and without understand how critical such information is to your research. Tell them to give their suggestions or view point on a question you will ask them. From their individual analysis and reasons, you will certainly know how to apply it to your research.

Mobile web survey
With the use of Google tools, you can make an online survey which you can share to your friends on Whatsapp, Facebook, Instagrame, twitter etc. via a link. A click on the link takes them straight to the survey. This is one of the easiest ways since they will only have to click on buttons till they exhaust the queries.

If you ask me, I will say that we’ve had enough of businesses of all sorts, hospitals, schools, religious institutions, ministries, industries, agencies, banks and the likes. But there is still one thing we get wrong almost all the time and that is management. Lately, the thirst for entrepreneurship has multiplied drastically but little attention is given to the management aspect of that career path. The fact that today’s career curves have selectively avoided is that good management will positively shape the future of today’s society. Let me tell you how;

Management makes room for continuity
Over 40% (if not more) of businesses and institutions die and are forgotten as soon as the owner breaths his last; why because the owner is the entrepreneur and the manager at the same time. Even when the management factor is considered, the office is poor and sometimes exercises minimal managerial authority that it should. For this reason, no one knows exactly what to do after the owner is no more; so everyone gets their own piece of the pie and dismiss.

But if the business owner or institution, as the case may be, had separated himself from the business, clearly defining the management and the ownership, the business will stand and grow even when he is no more. Atleast, the business will be in good hands, continuing in its services and programmes.

Management is key to sustainability
Sustainability entails meeting the need of the present without compromising its availability in the future; good management will ensure that, bad management cannot. Deploying the intervention of professional management into any establishment ensure that the interest of the business and that of their publics plus the society at large is protected now and for the future. Not everyone can handle this balance act; only good managers can.

Check out these research topics in business management for management skills you ‘did like to acquire.

Wrapping up, management is a very important career path that has a great influence to the society both today and in the future; it must be threaded with caution for maximum result.

For some years now, I’ve found myself giving advice to undergraduates concerning their final year projects; I have no regrets at all doing this. Rather, so many lessons have come through and like am going to share right here, I wish you learn these life lessons just like I did.

Mistakes are bound to be repeated
I understand so well that a lot of people are in the business of offering free guidelines to undergraduates as well yet these mistakes are repeated year after year. Is it that they haven’t heard of them or something? Well that I can’t answer exactly; this question brings me to that second lesson;

There is always that one thing you didn’t know
Even the most knowledgeable amogst us has that missing link; knowledge is about what you can grasp from what you have seen, heard, touched and where you have gone to; how about the ones you haven’t even noticed or maybe haven’t known at all.

Final year students for instance wouldn’t still have a full grasp of the entire process even though it is taught countless times. If not your topic arrangement, it could be your project abstract that you might have written wrongly or it could be your objective, methodology or even your analysis. Somehow, one of these atleast will bring you back to your supervisor’s office for correction.

People can be incorrigible
I happens sometimes that people would not take caution no matter how little it will take. This could be an intuitive attitude but could be attributed sometimes to sheer negligence and pride.

Students are given handouts to guide the presentation of final year projects in most cases plus the assistance they enjoy from their project supervisor yet they go back, correct that same mistake wrongly.

The fast growing business trends have inspired consistent changes every now and then around its cycles; rapid changes have taken place within a short time, much of which has deeply affected how businesses are managed. From financial security to marketing communications, business management is no longer what it was, ‘cause new trends are overtaking the market on short intervals. Right here, I wish to update you on the current trends in business management, some of which includes;

Data driven innovations
The new key of doing better business and competing favorably in 2019 is data. Business managers have already trusted so much on customers demographics and psychographics; grasping strongly on their very sensitive and personal information to be able to predict customer’s needs even when they have not realized it; that’s their very competitive edge in 2019.

See also: New trends in business management project topics

Networking/connection
Business management as we have it currently in 2019 is not really about what you have, it now about who you know. You just have to network with the right links and watch business grow smoothly. Building connections isn’t limited to your business partners, it’s very necessary to network with other organizations whose actions and decisions may influence your business.

Blockchain technology
The quest for financial privacy and security is certainly compelling businesses to adopt blockchain technology as one of the fast growing and reliable form of business transaction especially on a large scale. Aside financial security, blockchain promises equality in financial deals across the international borders.

Video marketing
Scrolling down your phone everyday, you would have noticed that businesses are now adopting videos as a better means of marketing their businesses to the general public. This is most evident in social media like Facebook, Instagram, linkedIn and on their websites. Products are introduced via this medium, live interview and discussions are held to promote customer trust and increase the credibility of businesses.

Expect more of these trends in the next post.

The fundamental reason for book club is to enhance study habits among students of the same age bracket, same intellectual discipline and probably have similar project topics or research project to work on. This kind of social group motivates members to study and discuss books together and share their understanding about a subject matter. But I’m quite skeptical about the survival this social group these days; like how much value do people place on book clubs especially since technology has taken over.

Reading , as some would think, is fundamentally a private experience and as such any other form of study experience should be a mere complement and nothing more; the uncertainty about getting what is assumed ‘best’ from reading has also powered the doubt about the potency of book clubs. With these assumptions, book clubs are slowly withdrawing its presence among us nowadays.

Personally, I’ve figured out few reasons study book clubs or stud groups don’t last. One is that some group members come back to the meeting without reading the book and getting a grasp. Secondly, not everyone has the same level of intelligence quotient; while some have the ability to grasp quickly enough, some may still need a little more explanation to get full grasp. This could make the study a little draggy for the smart ones. Thirdly, people join book clubs for different reasons and when such motive is not met, the number begins to drop slowly.

That was on a lighter not. There are also cool things one would enjoy as a member of book club; you’ve got a whole lot company to enjoy with boys and girls around. Moreover, you are challenged to study ahead atleast to have something to say during the group discussion. The social habit that book clubs incite is very credible; as much as it has the potency to expose members to some social vices, it can aswell promote team spirit and propagate corporative and collaborative learning.

Someone asked me a question a day ago via an online platform; he said, “what can I do as a computer science student to better my life?”. I woke up to see it and will not hesitate to give my answer accordingly. I also thought you too can benefit from my answer. Now talking about what a computer science student can pursue for livelihood, there are many of them; it all depends on the opportunity available to you, if you can’t create one.

Computer science students right from their undergraduate school days are supposed to be industrious. From the way things should be, I think they should be job creators and opportunity makers. If you check their final year projects, how it is structured, designed and the proposed implementation, you will realize that these guys will perform better if resources are made available. That notwithstanding, here are other opportunities you can create for yourself for livelihood as a computer science student.

Organize seminars and training sessions
Allow me to shock you; not a lot of persons know about computer science, programming, web designing… as much as you think. The interesting part of it is that people who never had experience in this knowledge field are looking for opportunities to learn and build a career from it. You can be the architect of your own fortune and theirs too if you organize seminars and training sessions for such category of persons.

Seasoned programming
Do not wait until you are hired for a full time job. Like I said earlier, computer science students are supposed to be industrious; you can become a freelancer, not necessarily hired for full time tasks. Simply work on contract but first register and start from a freelance service.

Entrepreneur
This time around you do not need money directly to start, am sure as a computer science students you have a PC. Why don’t you start building computer science project codes for students? While doing that, meet your target market and tell them about it; trust me you will sell out.

Augmented reality as we know it does not offer the same experience with virtual reality, it offers a better and more realistic but this time, modified and advanced experience. It imposes high tech mechanism into natural images and environments with the intension of modifying users experience without changing the original image or environment; and as matter of fact, I think it can be adopted to teach history in tertiary institutions.

From my experience through university education, I understand that some history project topics and research materials contain maps of distant locations, old names, ancient images and all, some of which the student’s themselves don’t seem to understand, they only follow convention for good grades.

The integration of augmented reality will make a whole lot of difference in the teaching patterns and learning experiences alike. Solutions like image recognition, SLAM (simultaneous localization and mapping), image alignment, superimposition, tracking etc. are available with augmented reality which shares almost the same destination with history studies. With these effects afore mentioned, history lecturers and students alike can actually modify ancient images and locations for a better learning experience, or don’t you think so? Now look at this…

We’ve all had that ‘wow!!!’ expression when we watch epic movies, telling stories of ancient events and locations; the truth is, these places actually existed but are probably no more. But somehow, they are brought back to bare using such technologies at augmented reality, virtual reality and the likes. This effect is made to this extent to create a sense-being-there mechanism; it won’t be a bad idea if such impressions are made in classrooms so that the entire teaching and learning process doesn’t seem like a ‘fairy tale from neverland’.

As a matter of opinion, augmented reality can be useful for teaching history in tertiary institutions in such areas as; navigation, direction, location, sightseeing, data on destination, images etc.

Augmented reality solutions do not work on their own except they are embedded into objects or gadgets for use. Some of them like smart phones, tablets, watches, sunglasses, compass etc. are already in use but are not used in the education cycle; they are mostly acquired as luxury accessories on regular bases.

No matter how poorly you may look at it, it’s never a bad idea to seek help when you need it. When it comes to academic pursuit, two heads will always be better than one; this explains why computer science students seek final year project topics from external sources and ofcourse every other student in other academic disciplines.

I came in contact with a question raised online as to why computer science students prefer to request for project topics from external sources than depending on their own knowledge. This isn’t a counter article as a matter of fact, ‘just think it’s necessary to take us back to the drawing board for better understanding so you don’t get it twisted.

Why do computer science students request for project topics?

Something to boost their idea
The project topics which these external sources provide for computer science students are inspiration boosters. Sometimes they could find themselves empty of ideas and they can’t continue that way, these external sources feed their mind with project topic ideas that previous students have worked on; from there they can draft a work piece for their final year project and proceed with their research.

Two heads are better than one
Some computer science students, just like other disciplines may not trust their judgment enough on choosing a project topic, so they rely on the opinion or suggestions of external sources for complement.

Computer science projects are technical and demanding
Computer science projects aren’t like every other project you see around arts, social sciences and the likes; it’s really technical. Sometimes one may need computer source codes or some alduno boards to be able to implement and successfully present a project in computer science.

They rely on those sources for resource materials
Most times, computer science students do not exactly adopt project topic suggestions the way they are, it could be that their project topic is closely related so they rely on the ideas of the external sources for resource material as they progress in research.

While there are things you must do while studying for exams, there are things you should also avoid while studying for exams. You must understand that you must keep to a certain level if personal discipline to hit a high target during the exams; this includes moving away from things that are distracting, avoiding them if possible or resisting them if need be. In case some of these vices we are going to discuss are already on your way, you may have to find your way around it if you must do well in your exams.

Students’ test of knowledge are evident in several ways; some are tested through terminal examinations, some are tested through their final year projects in which case theories, principles, formulas, ideas etc. are brought to bear with expectation that students showcase their level of understanding and the practical application of these topical issues. Otherwise, students’ knowledge are tested via project based test, impromptu written test, seminar papers, term papers, research reports, undergraduate project and the likes.
Meanwhile, here are five things you should avoid while studying for exams

Avoid your bed
Your bed seems like the best place you could read but sincerely it doesn’t wish you well. You could easily dose off while you study on bed and forget about your exams because it’s just too comfortable for your brain and you.
While studying for exams, you need to set you entire body and mind at alert. Lying down tells your body system to relax automatically and that’s what’s going to happen especially if the environment is really cool and quiet.

Avoid eating late at night
Eating late at night may not really have serious effect on your studies but you stand the chance of adding bad weight which is a plus to unhealthy life. Students are prompted to snack through the night because they will have to sacrifice their sleep moments for a few pages. While they do this in good fate, it turns out bad most times because they are ignorantly increasing the potential of their hunger hormones (ghrelin); giving calories a chance to replace the muscles mass of their body system.

Avoid your phone
Phone is one of the challenging two edged sword among millennials. For some it’s is business, to some it’s an opportunity, to some, it’s a tool and to some, it’s a distraction. Whatever need your phone is serving, if it’s not useful when you are reading, it’s simply a distraction and nothing more.

Avoid so many chats if you can discipline your mind, else, turn it off and read. After exams, you have all the time to be with your phone if it makes you so delighted.

Avoid cramming
Do not cram so you don’t forget by chance. It’s so funny when students sound like “please oo, don’t make me talk too much so I don’t forget what I read.” Cramming is often accompanied with fear and anxiety- fear to forget and be empty. However, I would advise you study to understand than to cram and forget.

Beside those who cram for exams often perform poorly because their knowledge is always limited to what they have crammed and nothing more. Any attempt to stretch their memory over related topics becomes a big challenge.

Avoid reading more than your head can absorb.
While studying for exams, avoid reading more than you can assimilate. If it means reading two pages in two hours, take your time and do so. Never try to emulate someone with a higher IQ. Study and absorb as much as your pace can carry you.

If you are not satisfied with your study habit and have always attributed it to poor reading skills, then it’s time you make a move for better results. What you must understand is that there are study patterns you shouldn’t emulate from some other person but there are certain skills you must learn and groom yourself with. These reading skills have the capability to engage your posture, your mind and concentration. Let’s go ahead and see what they sound like.

Cease your attention with interesting books
The human mind is very sensitive and quick to pay attention to things that interest us. It is to your advantage if you first cease your interest with the most interesting thing you’d like to read about. I found out that some students are quick to buy books they love but very reluctant to read them. When they finally decide to read ‘school books’, they’d like to start with the one they love first and then the other ‘school book’.

Visit codemint.net to view project topics that proffers strategies for proper reading skills

When this happens, your mind is curtailed to listen to what your eyes can see and what your memory can retain. If you really want to retain what you have read for long then…

Do not cram
If you cram what you are reading, there is possibility you may forget or even skip a line or two and when that happens, everything can wipe off your memory. I suggest you read to assimilate i.e. give whatever you have read a basic interpretation such that will create an imagery in your mind. You can peg it on a story, a name, an event, a picture or even an acronym. So that when you remember any of these pegs, you are sure of recalling everything you have read so far.

Imbibe a proper reading position
As long as you are still working on your reading skills, I will advise you do not lie down while reading. The proper seating position while reading is this; place your book(s) on a table, seat on a straight chair, bow your head a bit and support your head with both palms. With this, you will be able to keep your eyes and mind from whatever is happening around you and concentrate on the book.

Engage your mind
If you are in the habit of thinking about something else when a book is right before you, it’s time you let go. It’s not so easy anyways but this can help you a great deal; engage your mind by being analytical while reading. When you come across a point of view, ponder on it until you come across another point of view. In the end, you will realize that you have analyzed the entire view point and message the book is meant to pass on to you.

Don’t bother about the number of pages you read
It is not necessary to bother about the number of pages you have read since you are still improving on your reading skills. What I think should be of priority is how much you are able to understand. I tell you; if you are able to do just a page every day and understand it so well, you will do better as time progresses.

A popular stigma about school dropouts is that they are ‘never do wells’ and infact totaled as failures except they become impactful much later in future, only then will the world reconcile with and celebrate their successes. Being a school dropout from whatever level doesn’t make you any less; it only gives another opportunity to embrace a new career path.

During my secondary school days, many of my classmates already knew which university they’d love to go, infact they bragged about it with emphasis on their course of choice. For me, it was just a prayer; I wasn’t so sure I’d make it up to that level because I was considering where the money was going to come from; no one ever told me the tuition in universities wasn’t so expensive. So I kept to myself and prayed. Few years later, I realized that I’m actually done with my university education but what has happened to these brags of classmates?

Actually, they couldn’t make it to the university but they were doing so well. Two of them are currently serving in the military, the other has learned a line of trade and already, he is doing so well. I still remember Oliver; he bakes and is soon to get married. Now, we all started the race somewhere together in high school, we didn’t all finish up the race in the same part but we are all headed to the part of success.
If you’ve become a dropout for whatsoever reason, I want to introduce you to some lucrative career curves that will really payoff if you are poised to give your best. They are not just lucrative, they are very much en vogue many years ahead.

Programming
Our contemporary society has accepted technology and its accomplice with both hands and so far, everything- education, business, religion, health, economy etc. seems to revolve around it. If you decide to be a programmer (web developer or web designer or whatever in this category), you stand the chance to be one of the worlds needed talents in which ever area you want to specialize. Building computer science project codes is an area that is still fresh and has attracted little attention. Infact, among many project websites across Africa, only few can build computer source codes conveniently. You can build on that; you have a lot to gain.

Currently, we have a good number of programmers but very few are really good at it. If you get into this career curve, you must be good at it to make good fortune out of it. Good programmers prefer to be contracted except the salary is really promising. Otherwise, you can always build a business out of your programming career.

Affiliate marketing
Affiliate marketing is when you earn some commission by promoting other people’s business. People do that physically but the more rewarding aspect of affiliate marketing is online. In this case, you can market for two, three and more websites and get paid for each customer you bring into the business. Sometimes it could be in form of digital advertisement, referrals or more. Recently, associating the word ‘referral’ with online businesses sounds fishy because it has been abused. Nevertheless, there are very genuine ones out there that can benefit you meaningfully.

Fashionpreneurship
Obviously, there are many people in this line of business but very full have made good fortune out of it because they build business ideas around it. Do you know you may not really know how to sew but it’s possible you run a fashion establishment and maintain it; and if you learn how to sew and design, that makes it even better.

You do not really need to open a store and then wait for people to bring you clothes to sew; you have to make them come to you with positive impression, how? Make and design good clothes, do a fashion showcase at occasions within your reach (if you have the money). If not, sew and wear your designs so that when people ask you “who made these clothes for you, I love them” , you let them know you actually did. You sell your brand.

Do you know you can also collaborate with someone who is already popular in fashion within your immediate environment? If you take time and learn how to sew and design clothes, you can collaborate with someone who sews for the opposite gender; i.e. if you specialized in sewing for ladies, you can attach yourself with a popular fashion designer who sews for men.

Freelancing
Freelancing offers you the opportunity to pursue your career without committing yourself to an employer for long. A lot of business opportunities are available online for freelancers, especially since the introduction freelance websites into the global online market. It basically has to do with your skills; you perform minute jobs for people to get paid for each task.
Visit oyerr.com, the Nigeria freelance service and online marketplace to register your skills.

Wrap up
I hope you are not intimidated by the big names above, they may sound big but what makes it really big is the ideas that you back it up with. When you hear of Mark Zuckerberg, he didn’t start big, he started as a dropout and because he had a vision, he made it come true; you too can make it even bigger.

All things being equal, examination period should give students another opportunity to revise what they should have read since the beginning of the academic session; but sometimes, things turn out the way not really expected and students find themselves fighting so hard to meet up with the study outline and all. This has become conventional I must say; so much that while some scale through, others are caught in the web of struggling to meet up with their target.

You may also like: effect of study habits on academic performance of secondary school students in government

Studying for exams for some is quite easy to some but some students find it challenging to settle down and study. Now am not giving you tips on how to pass examination, am only going to help you with significant principles that will guide you while studying for examination. So here are some exams study tips that will help.

Study ahead
If you have the opportunity, the best way to study for examination is to study ahead of time. This means that you wouldn’t need to study with pressure. You know as soon as exam date is announced, every study table suddenly becomes a hot seat for the unprepared mind. Studying ahead means that you will have the opportunity to consult as many books as you can, and take time to do revisions till the exams date and time table is published.

Do not cram
One of the popular but risky practices students indulge in is cramming; they forget that once you forget a line or a phrase, you are at good chances to forget everything. Instead of cramming while studying for exams, study to understand. When you assimilate the concept or the entire idea, try to give it an interpretation from your understanding.

Back-off when your brain is saturated
Ever heard of information overload? That happens when your brain cannot take any more information than it has already taken. It happens so when you study too; that’s why some people tend to sleep when they are tired of studying for a long time. I will also advise that when you cannot understand anymore, no matter how much or little you have read just back-off and get back moments later.

Take advantage of any environment that best suits you
Some people study well when the environment is noisy while some need a calm environment to really study. Some others can easily dose off if the study environment is too conducive, so they adapt better when the environment is a bit stuffy. Don’t be surprised, those are individual differences.

So once you understand what best suits your study culture, please take advantage of it when you see it and get along with it until exams are over.

Study at your own pace
Never try to imitate another’s study pace; if you can only study per hour, dedicate that one hour meaningfully. If less, engage it meaningfully and be consistent about it. If you can sustain for about two to three hours and more, bravo. You may break down if you do not take it as your brain would appreciate it; what matters more is how much you understand and remember what you have studied. Besides, you are studying for exams, so keep it coming and never relent.

Out of the many project websites out there in Nigeria, there are five I would gladly recommend for final year undergraduates. They may have similar features with every other project websites but few and unique features set them apart from the rest.

iproject.com.ng
iproject is ranking tops among the project websites in Nigeria. Just like other project sites, it features over 10,000+ project topics and research materials for university undergraduates. They feature ‘campus rep’ services entails having a representative from institutions who would communicate recent developments concerning students’ final year project and research. This helps them narrow their services better to their target clients who are mostly students.

Although iproject has a blog, it doesn’t really address student’s research needs as much as expected.

Projecttopics.org
This is another project website that’s rubbing shoulders with iproject when it comes to google ranking. It offers final year project topics and research materials for students in tertiary institutions.

Projecttopics features such word tools as PDF converter- it helps you convert a pdf file to a word document. It also helps you convert documents in many other formats to a pdf file. Secondly, it features a paraphrasing tool; this tool helps you rewrite large word document without any effort from you. Moreso, it also features a referencing tool; this tool lets you type in the book name, author, page, year of publication and then takes it up fom them arranging it referencing using APA style of citation.

Codemint.net
Codemint has over 13,000 final year project topics and 4500 downloadable research materials. It features project and research materials for various disciplines. Among them are computer science project topics which also avails computer sources codes for the implementation of the project topics in computer science.

Codemint features instant download of project materials; there wouldn’t be any need contacting codemint support, just a click and two you have the research material at your disposal. Except the research materials is not automatically downloadable. It also features quick and real time support services via whatsapp, emails, direct contact, facebook and more.

Codemint has a blog through which give step-by-step guide to writing, structuring and presentation of project proposals and research materials plus other interesting topics within the academic sphere. From all indications, it seems codemint has optimized its website both for mobile and desktop users.

Uniprojectmaterials.com
Amidst ranking tops and offering project topics and research materials, uniprojectmaterials features ‘hire a writer’ and ‘hire a data analyst’ services. This implies that they can offer customized services on request to analyze student’s research data or write complete project for them.
Uniprojectmaterials also has a blog where they seize the opportunity to educate students on final year research principles.

Projectclue.com
Projectclues also made it to the top ranking project websites in Nigeria. It has thousands of project topics and research materials in various academic fields. It features a quick help desk and turns in research materials to students within 24 to 48 hours.