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for more information go to page 18 Of daily trust newspaper on friday,January 6, 2017.

Interest applicants are to apply free of online at WWW.air force.mil.ng

A major tragedy was averted on Christmas Day, Sunday, December 25 when two people suspected to be Boko Haram members blew themselves up. News Agency of Nigeria (NAN) reports that the attack occurred at around 8am when two young men believed to be Boko Haram members detonated bombs attached to themselves at the entrance of a market in Mora, a small town near the border of Cameroon and Nigeria. READ ALSO: Brave soldiers take down Shekau’s flag in Camp Zero NAN quotes a security source in Cameroon as telling Chinese news agency Xinhua that no other person was killed or injured in the attack. It reports that the Lake Chad Basin Commission formed multinational forces stationed at Mora with particular objective of eradicating terrorist threat in the region. Meanwhile, in spite of the curfew imposed on three local government areas of Jema’a, Kaura and Zango Kataf in southern Kaduna, the state witnessed a bloody Christmas eve as Goska village in Kaninkon Chiefdom of Jema’a was attacked late on Saturday, December 24. Not fewer than 10 people have reportedly been killed and several houses burned down. A major tragedy was averted on Christmas Day, Sunday, December 25 when two people suspected to be Boko Haram members blew themselves up. News Agency of Nigeria (NAN) reports that the attack occurred at around 8am when two young men believed to be Boko Haram members detonated bombs attached to themselves at the entrance of a market in Mora, a small town near the border of Cameroon and Nigeria. READ ALSO: Brave soldiers take down Shekau’s flag in Camp Zero NAN quotes a security source in Cameroon as telling Chinese news agency Xinhua that no other person was killed or injured in the attack. It reports that the Lake Chad Basin Commission formed multinational forces stationed at Mora with particular objective of eradicating terrorist threat in the region. Meanwhile, in spite of the curfew imposed on three local government areas of Jema’a, Kaura and Zango Kataf in southern Kaduna, the state witnessed a bloody Christmas eve as Goska village in Kaninkon Chiefdom of Jema’a was attacked late on Saturday, December 24. Not fewer than 10 people have reportedly been killed and several houses burned down. naij.com

DW news

The British pop star and former singer of Wham!, George Michael, has died at the age of 53, according to his publicist. The global superstar reportedly "passed away peacefully at home" in England. In a statement released late on Christmas Day, George Michael's publicist said: "It is with great sadness that we can confirm our beloved son, brother and friend George passed away peacefully at home over the Christmas period." Emergency services reportedly attended a property in Goring, west of London, at 13:42 local time (1442 UTC) on Sunday. According to authorities, there were no suspicious circumstances surrounding his death.Thames Valley police said a "post-mortem will be undertaken in due course." The 53-year-old shot to fame in the 1980s as a member of pop duo Wham!, which he formed with school friend Andrew Ridgeley. The group - which became the first western pop act to play a concert in China - was best known for the songs "Wake Me Up Before You Go-Go," "Club Tropicana" and the Christmas hit "Last Christmas." Global success Michael - born Georgios Kyriacos Panayiotou - went on to enjoy a hugely successful solo career, spanning almost four decades and selling more than 100 million albums worldwide. His 1987 debut solo album "Faith" alone sold more than 20 million copies across the globe. The singer-songwriter won numerous music accolades, including four IvorNovello Awards, three American Music Awards, three BritAwards, four MTV Video Music Awards, and two Grammy Awards from eight nominations. Following years of speculation over his sexuality, Michael disclosed in 1998 that he was gay after being arrested for "engaging in a lewd act" in a public toilet in California. Negative headlines As his music career waned, Michael continued to hit the headlines, but often for the wrong reasons. In October 2006, Michael was banned from driving after pleading guilty to driving under the influence of drugs. Two years later, the singer was cautioned for possessing class A drugs, including crack cocaine. Within a year, Michael crashed his car into a shop in north London. He was later handed an eight- week prison sentence. In 2014, Michael released his sixth and final album "Symphonica." The record was his only live album and marked his first album of new recordings since "Patience" in 2004. George Michael with fellow Wham! member Andrew Ridgeley in 1984 Michael had remained out of the public limelight in recent years. In 2011, he postponed a number of concerts after being hospitalized with pneumonia where he remained unconscious for some time. After recovering from the respiratory infection, Michael said it had been "touch and go" whether he would live. Fellow musicians pay tribute Prior to his death on Sunday, Michael's 1990 album "Listen Without Prejudice Vol. 1" had been due to be reissued. A new film featuring Stevie Wonder, Elton John and the supermodels who starred in the video to his hit single "Freedom! '90" was set to accompany the album's re- release. In the early hours of Monday morning, fellow musicians and entertainers paid tribute to the late singer, including his former Wham! bandmate. "Heartbroken at the loss of my beloved friend Yog," Ridgeley tweeted. "Me, his loved ones, his friends, the world of music, the world at large. 4ever loved. A xx" 1980s pop band Duran Duran also tweeted their sympathy to Michael's family, referring to the so- called "curse of 2016," which has seen the deaths of a host of stars, including David Bowie and Prince. Musician Elton John reacted to the news on Instagram, posting a photo of himself and Michael. "I am in deep shock," the singer-songwriter wrote. "I have lost a beloved friend - the kindest, most generous soul and a brilliant artist. My heart goes out to his family and all of his fans." In 1991, John and Michael re-recorded the former's 1974 hit "Don't let the sun go down on me" - reaching number one in both the US and UK charts. Michael was also a patron of the Elton John AIDS Foundation. In 1984, the singer starred alongside a host of contemporaries to form Band Aid. The supergroup's Christmas charity single "Do they know it's Christmas?" raised £8 million ($9.8 million / 9.4 million euros) for the famine in Ethiopia within twelve months of release.

INTRODUCTION The exert nature of electricity is not known but investigation indicate that it consist of small negative charge called Electron, when this electron are standing still we have static electricity” and when they are forced to travelled a movement of electron they are called “Dynamic electricity. Power generation and distribution has been an indispensable factor in the progress of an economy, ranging from manufacturing, banking, media, health care, avaiation, etc.( Ulaby, 1999). It has however been proved that power skyrocket the productivity of a country. Since power has been defined by (Knight, 2004) as the rate of doing work; this simply means that the productivity of a country will largely depend on the availability of power from different source. Thus, ( Hassen 1989) cited in ( Ulaby, 1999) states that majority of the problems of Nigeria is traceable to the erratic power supply nature of the country, where many activities has been paralyzed due to the power outage. Analysis has clearly showed that Nigeria looses up to about N220 Billion annually, due to the unstable nature of the country power supply which has poses a threat, hence reducing the capacity of industries to increase productivity and Environmental pollution which leads to degradation or depletion of ozone layer is one of the major problems caused by the use of generator with fossil fuels (Ajav, 2012). Other problem includes land and water pollution, noise pollution, increase in price of fossil fuel year in year out, among others. The famous Faraday energy generator can be modified for perpetual electrical current maintenance (Adiyat et.al, 1993). The basic components the fuel less engines consisted of are a set of fast spinning discs (DC motor and alternative) placed between two electromagnets. But this scheme could never maintain current indefinitely, because the disc electrical charge is weak to withstand the opposing resistance of the conductor. Practically, the effective working fuel-less generator have to be built by each material that have one thousand times the electrical conductivity of copper could generate and maintain self-sustained current. It is suggested that increasing disc rotation to incomprehensible velocity or huge component geometrical enlargements would have the same effect too (Taufik, 2005). It is necessary to spin discs with the super-rapidity required to generate self-sustaining electrical current. The fuel-less engine usually runs very smooth and quiet and the best part of the design is that it is free from air pollution, since there is no emission of dangerous gas like Carbon monoxide (CO), carbon-dioxide (CO2), etc. The speed are adjustable or can be built to run at one speed with engine which does not run on any type of gasoline, oil or other combustible fuel. The free electrical energy produced by the fuel-less generators is replaced back into the motor and reused by the motor (Maini, 1998). Heavy electrical machinery that starts automatically or remotely generally makes use of contactors which rely on an electromagnetic force to close them to start the machinery. This force is created by an electric coil placed in the centre of a laminated steel core. These coils are typically designed to operate at fairly low voltages, ranging from 110 volts to as low as 12 volts. As these machines themselves typically run on far higher voltages, this creates the need for a separate control voltage feed. Instead of having to run separate cables or install extra sets of bus bars, it is far simpler to use the main circuit voltage and step it down with a control transformer to the appropriate control voltage (Wisegeek, 2013). Greenhouse Effect With the increase in world population and the rise of living standards, the demand for energy in the world is steadily increasing. Global environmental issues and exhaustion of fossil resources also pose serious problems for energy consumption (Houghton, 1989). Environmental friendly energy technology and a shift to non fossil energy resources such as natural energy and biomass are expected. Generally, from the past efforts of so many researchers it can be deduced that search for Renewable energy is important in terms of sustainable energy throughout the world. Hence operating principle of electromagnetic generator such as fuel-less power generating set Design, construction and evaluation is of most important. The objective of the study is to design, construct and evaluate the performance of 1.5KVA Power fuel less generating set. INTRODUCTION The exert nature of electricity is not known but investigation indicate that it consist of small negative charge called Electron, when this electron are standing still we have static electricity” and when they are forced to travelled a movement of electron they are called “Dynamic electricity. Power generation and distribution has been an indispensable factor in the progress of an economy, ranging from manufacturing, banking, media, health care, avaiation, etc.( Ulaby, 1999). It has however been proved that power skyrocket the productivity of a country. Since power has been defined by (Knight, 2004) as the rate of doing work; this simply means that the productivity of a country will largely depend on the availability of power from different source. Thus, ( Hassen 1989) cited in ( Ulaby, 1999) states that majority of the problems of Nigeria is traceable to the erratic power supply nature of the country, where many activities has been paralyzed due to the power outage. Analysis has clearly showed that Nigeria looses up to about N220 Billion annually, due to the unstable nature of the country power supply which has poses a threat, hence reducing the capacity of industries to increase productivity and Environmental pollution which leads to degradation or depletion of ozone layer is one of the major problems caused by the use of generator with fossil fuels (Ajav, 2012). Other problem includes land and water pollution, noise pollution, increase in price of fossil fuel year in year out, among others. The famous Faraday energy generator can be modified for perpetual electrical current maintenance (Adiyat et.al, 1993). The basic components the fuel less engines consisted of are a set of fast spinning discs (DC motor and alternative) placed between two electromagnets. But this scheme could never maintain current indefinitely, because the disc electrical charge is weak to withstand the opposing resistance of the conductor. Practically, the effective working fuel-less generator have to be built by each material that have one thousand times the electrical conductivity of copper could generate and maintain self-sustained current. It is suggested that increasing disc rotation to incomprehensible velocity or huge component geometrical enlargements would have the same effect too (Taufik, 2005). It is necessary to spin discs with the super-rapidity required to generate self-sustaining electrical current. The fuel-less engine usually runs very smooth and quiet and the best part of the design is that it is free from air pollution, since there is no emission of dangerous gas like Carbon monoxide (CO), carbon-dioxide (CO2), etc. The speed are adjustable or can be built to run at one speed with engine which does not run on any type of gasoline, oil or other combustible fuel. The free electrical energy produced by the fuel-less generators is replaced back into the motor and reused by the motor (Maini, 1998). Heavy electrical machinery that starts automatically or remotely generally makes use of contactors which rely on an electromagnetic force to close them to start the machinery. This force is created by an electric coil placed in the centre of a laminated steel core. These coils are typically designed to operate at fairly low voltages, ranging from 110 volts to as low as 12 volts. As these machines themselves typically run on far higher voltages, this creates the need for a separate control voltage feed. Instead of having to run separate cables or install extra sets of bus bars, it is far simpler to use the main circuit voltage and step it down with a control transformer to the appropriate control voltage (Wisegeek, 2013). Greenhouse Effect With the increase in world population and the rise of living standards, the demand for energy in the world is steadily increasing. Global environmental issues and exhaustion of fossil resources also pose serious problems for energy consumption (Houghton, 1989). Environmental friendly energy technology and a shift to non fossil energy resources such as natural energy and biomass are expected. Generally, from the past efforts of so many researchers it can be deduced that search for Renewable energy is important in terms of sustainable energy throughout the world. Hence operating principle of electromagnetic generator such as fuel-less power generating set Design, construction and evaluation is of most important. The objective of the study is to design, construct and evaluate the performance of 1.5KVA Power fuel less generating set.

I am so happy today,special thank to the management of nairaland. When i seen My news story in the main forum,i was fulfill.I wish everybody happy christmas.

The Inspector General of Police, Ibrahim Idris, has approved Saturday December 31, 2016 as the commencement date for the training of various cadres of applicants who were adjudged successful at the recently concluded 2016 recruitment exercise into the Nigeria Police Force at designated Training Schools nationwide.

Recall that the recruitment exercise was jointly conducted by the Police Service Commission (PSC), the Federal Character Commission (FCC) and the Nigeria Police Force in compliance with presidential directives.

According to a statement by DCP Don Awunah, Force Public Relations Officer, “Sixteen (16) Police Training Institutions across the country have been set aside for the training exercise.

“Cadet Assistant Superintendents of Police are to report at the Police Staff College Jos, while Cadet Inspectors will train at the Police College, Ikeja.

“The Recruit Constables are to report at various Police Colleges and Training Schools in various sub-zones, designated for various states.

“These include police training facilities in Lagos, Ibadan, Iperu, Orji River and Maiduguri among others. Police training institutions in Bauchi, Kaduna, Sokoto, Ilorin and Minna will also be used for the training exercise. Makurdi, Nonwa-Tai, Benin and Calabar make up the list of centres to be deployed for the training.

“Applicants for the 2016 recruitment exercise are to check the national dailies, beginning from Saturday 24, December, 2016 for the publication of the comprehensive list of successful candidates.

“Successful candidates are enjoined to report to their designated training centres along with the original copies of their certificates and credentials, as well as training kits as specified.

“State governments, local governments, religious leaders, traditional rulers, community leaders, NGOs, CSOs and members of the public who have genuine and reliable objection or information to the character, conduct or personality traits of those selected should submit such objections or information in writing to the Inspector General of Police through the Commissioner of Police of the state Command of the selected candidate within three weeks of this publication.”

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for more information call 07063635576

INTRODUCTION
The exert nature of electricity is not known but investigation indicate that it consist of small negative charge called Electron, when this electron are standing still we have static electricity” and when they are forced to travelled a movement of electron they are called “Dynamic electricity. Power generation and distribution has been an indispensable factor in the progress of an economy, ranging from manufacturing, banking, media, health care, avaiation, etc.( Ulaby, 1999). It has however been proved that power skyrocket the productivity of a country. Since power has been defined by (Knight, 2004) as the rate of doing work; this simply means that the productivity of a country will largely depend on the availability of power from different source. Thus, ( Hassen 1989) cited in ( Ulaby, 1999) states that majority of the problems of Nigeria is traceable to the erratic power supply nature of the country, where many activities has been paralyzed due to the power outage. Analysis has clearly showed that Nigeria looses up to about N220 Billion annually, due to the unstable nature of the country power supply which has poses a threat, hence reducing the capacity of industries to increase productivity and Environmental pollution which leads to degradation or depletion of ozone layer is one of the major problems caused by the use of generator with fossil fuels (Ajav, 2012). Other problem includes land and water pollution, noise pollution, increase in price of fossil fuel year in year out, among others. The famous Faraday energy generator can be modified for perpetual electrical current maintenance (Adiyat et.al, 1993). The basic components the fuel less engines consisted of are a set of fast spinning discs (DC motor and alternative) placed between two electromagnets. But this scheme could never maintain current indefinitely, because the disc electrical charge is weak to withstand the opposing resistance of the conductor. Practically, the effective working fuel-less generator have to be built by each material that have one thousand times the electrical conductivity of copper could generate and maintain self-sustained current. It is suggested that increasing disc rotation to incomprehensible velocity or huge component geometrical enlargements would have the same effect too (Taufik, 2005). It is necessary to spin discs with the super-rapidity required to generate self-sustaining electrical current. The fuel-less engine usually runs very smooth and quiet and the best part of the design is that it is free from air pollution, since there is no emission of dangerous gas like Carbon monoxide (CO), carbon-dioxide (CO2), etc. The speed are adjustable or can be built to run at one speed with engine which does not run on any type of gasoline, oil or other combustible fuel. The free electrical energy produced by the fuel-less generators is replaced back into the motor and reused by the motor (Maini, 1998). Heavy electrical machinery that starts automatically or remotely generally makes use of contactors which rely on an electromagnetic force to close them to start the machinery. This force is created by an electric coil placed in the centre of a laminated steel core. These coils are typically designed to operate at fairly low voltages, ranging from 110 volts to as low as 12 volts. As these machines themselves typically run on far higher voltages, this creates the need for a separate control voltage feed. Instead of having to run separate cables or install extra sets of bus bars, it is far simpler to use the main circuit voltage and step it down with a control transformer to the appropriate control voltage (Wisegeek, 2013).
Greenhouse Effect With the increase in world population and the rise of living standards, the demand for energy in the world is steadily increasing. Global environmental issues and exhaustion of fossil resources also pose serious problems for energy consumption (Houghton, 1989). Environmental friendly energy technology and a shift to non fossil energy resources such as natural energy and biomass are expected.
Generally, from the past efforts of so many researchers it can be deduced that search for Renewable energy is important in terms of sustainable energy throughout the world. Hence operating principle of electromagnetic generator such as fuel-less power generating set Design, construction and evaluation is of most important. The objective of the study is to design, construct and evaluate the performance of 1.5KVA Power fuel less generating set.
1.1 Purpose of the project
The aim of the project is to design and construct a fuel less generator, capable of producing 1.5KVA of electrical energy/ power. The objectives are;
To design and construction of 1.5KVA fuel less generator.
To evaluate the fuel less generators performance.
To carry out test on the fuel less generator to establish some physical characteristics
To generate electricity for small scale business and residential use.
To ease the economic stress on citizens in the purchase of fossil fuels.
To avoid noise pollution caused by fuel generators
1.2 Scope of the Project
This project cover the design and construction of the fuel less generator for residential use and by small businesses such as phone charging spots, and shop, the need to switch from the fossil fuel due to the effect of global warming caused by the use combustible fuels among other reasons as necessitated exploration of other mains of energy generation. Although several attempt have been made to come up with a means of energy generation like this, fuel less generator are easy to build and operate and are likely to be the most one of the appropriate one for developing countries as a source of decentralized power supply to the rural community. (Fao 1986)
1.3 Challenges
The rate of discharge is more than the charging input; reason being that the Horse Power (hp) of the DC motor is not high enough to propel the alternator effectively.
To re-solve this issue; a DC motor of a higher horse power e.g (5 hp) will be needed to propel the 2.0 hp alternator effectively However the construction of a transformer less charger to run the fuel less generator.
1.4 Limitation
The limitation of this project is that the design and construction of the generator is limited to a maximum output 1.5KVA of electric power. This means that the generator can only be put to use in area that do not demand more than 1.5KVA of power.




CHAPTER TWO
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 REVIEW OF THE PROJECT WORK DONE
In the 1880’s Nikolas Tesla invented the alternating current system we use today. By the 1890 he was working on a new type of electrical generator that would not consume any fuel. Ten (10) years after patenting a successful method for producing the alternating current, Nikolas Tesla claim the invention of electrical generator that would not consume any fuel. Such a generator would be it prime mover. Two of Tesla device representing different stage in the development of such a generator are identified. While in college, Nikolas Tesla claimed that it should be possible to operate an electrical motor without sparking brushes. He was told by the professor that such a motor would require perpetual motion and was therefore impossible in the 1880 patented the alternating current generator, motor, and transformer. During the 1890 he intensively investigated other power generation including a charge particle collector patented in 1901. When the new York time in 1902 carried the story about an inventor who claimed an electrical generator not requiring a prime mover in a form of an external fuel supply, Tesla wrote a friend that he has already invented such a device. Tesla included a clipping from the previous days New York about a climate figural, a woods and forest engineers in a las Palmas, the capital of the canary islands who has invented a device for generating electricity without burning fuel. What became of figueras and his fuel-less generator is not known, but this announcement in the paper prompted Tesla, in his letter to Johnson, to claim he had already dev eloped such a device and had revealed the underlying physical laws. The device that, at first, seems to best fit this description is found in Tesla’s patent for an “Apparatus for the utilization of radiant energy,” number 685,957, that was filled for on March 21, 1901 and granted on November 5, 1901. (Oliver Nicholson, 2010) the concept behind the older technical language is a simple one. An insulated metal plate is put as high as possible into the air. Another metal plate is put into the ground. A wire is run from the metal plate to one side of a capacitor and a second wire goes from the ground plate to the other side of the capacitor. The sun, as well as other sources of radiant energy, throw off minute particles of matter positively electrified, which impinging upon (the upper) plate communicate continuously an electrical charge to the same. The opposite terminal of the condenser being connected to ground, which may be considered as a vast reservoir of negative electricity, a feeble current flows continuously into the condenser and in as much as the particles are charged to a very high potential, this charging of rupturing the dielectric. This seems like a very straight forward design and would seem to fulfil his claim for having developed a fuel-less generator powered by cosmic rays, but in 1900 Tesla wrote what he considered his most important article in which he described a self activating machine that would draw power from the ambient medium, a fuel-less generator, that is different from his radiant energy device. The exact title of the chapter where he discusses this device is worth giving in its entirety (Oliver Nicholson, 2010): a departure from known methods – possibility of a “self acting” engine or machine, inanimate, yet capable, like an living being, of deriving energy from the medium- the ideal way of obtaining motive power. Tesla first started thinking about the idea when he read a statement by Lord Kelvin who said it was impossible to build a mechanism capable of abstracting heat from the surrounding medium and to operate by heat. Tesla goes on in the article to describe how he worked on the development of such an energy device. He wrote that he first started thinking about deriving energy directly from the environment when he was in Paris during 1883 but that he was unable to do much with the idea for several years due to the commercial introduction of his alternating current generators and motors. (Professor Oliver Nicholson; http://howbuilddateslagenerator.com)
2.1 COMPONENT REVIEW:
This is a review of all the major components that make up the Electro-mechanical generator; the different components are: switch, a 12volts battery (car battery), a capacitor, a DC motor, an alternator,
2.1.1 Switch: In electronic, a switch is an electrical component that can break an electrical circuit, interrupting the current or diverting it from one conductor to another. The most familiar form of switch is a manually operated electromechanical device with one or more sets of electrical contacts. Each set of contacts can be in one of two states: either ‘closed’ meaning the contacts are touching and electricity can flow between them, or ‘open’, meaning the contacts are separated and the switch is non-conducting.
2.1.2 The Power Supply Unit (DC BATTERY)
12 volts battery was used as source of power supply unit to the D.C motor in order to induce Electromotive force (e.m.f). Lead acid battery is highly recommended for DC generating system. This serves as storage device for the direct current which is to be induced.
2.1.3 Alternator
A permanent magnet alternator is a power generating device that produces a sinusoidal output when a mechanical input to its hub or shaft is applied. This device is constructed very much like a brushless motor with the appropriate selection of insulation materials and winding to match the environment and application. Alternator used for this research work has the following nominal parameters as specifications; Voltage = 12V, Current = 8.02 A, Speed = 1500 rpm, Minimum speed for accumulator charging initiation = 1300 rpm
2.1.4 D.C Motor
Electric motors are electric generators reversed in function. They convert electrical energy into mechanical energy- the continual stresses between two electromagnetic field relatively moveable, just as generator convert into electromagnetic stresses, the mechanical energy applied to them (Aremu, 2009). Power from the electric motor is transmitted into the Alternator via rotating shaft driven system. Electric motor used for this research work has








CHARPTER THREE
3.0 METHODOLOGY
3.1 Block diagram of fuel less generator


Figure 3.2 circult diagram of a fuel less generator

3.3 Component and units used and their functions
The fuel less power generating set consists of five major units, which includes the following;
1. The power supply Unit
2. Conversion Unit
3. Control Unit
4. Output Unit
5. Charging Unit
3.3.1 The Power Supply Unit (DC BATTERY)
12 volts battery was used as source of power supply unit to the D.C motor in order to induce Electromotive force (e.m.f). Lead acid battery is highly recommended for DC generating system. This serves as storage device for the direct current which is to be induced.

Figure 3.3: 12V/100Ah Battery

3.3.2 Conversion Unit
This unit is the unit that distinguished the DC generator from the popular fuelled generating set. The unit make use of DC motor, which will be responsible for all voltage, current and power conversion.

Figure 3.4 DC Motor



3. 3.3 Control Unit
This unit performs the following work; converts direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC), removal of ripples, and rectification. The size of the alternator been used, will determine the capacity of the generating set.
Mathematically; P = IV cos Ф
Where,
P = Power output (watts) = ?
V = Voltage (Volts) = 220V
I = Current (ampere) = 8.02A
Cos Ф = 0.85
Therefore, the capacity of the generating set, P = 8.02 x 220 x 0.85 = 1,500W
The alternator which is a small domestic generator has three output lead cables which supplies the load, capacitor and the diode.


Figure 3.5 Control unit
3.3.4 Crank Shaft: The crankshaft acts as a link between the DC motor and the alternator which transfer the mechanical energy from the DC motor into the alternator to produce electric current.


Figure 3.6 crank shaft

The use of the control circuit unit will make it possible to provide output voltage within the range of 100V – 240V which is the standard voltage requirement for all appliances. The red wire on the alternator was used to supply the household and offices as the mains.
3.4 Constructional Features: The constructional features are as discussed below:
The Frame: This part provides support to all components of the fuel-less generator. It serves as an housing for all component parts of the machine. A piece of angle iron 40mm x 40mm x 5mm was measured, cut to sizes and welded together to make a stand of length 61mm, width
40mm and height 19mm; brazed at different points for regularity with angle bar of 1.5mm x 1.5mm as shown in appendix


Figure 3.7 the frame
3.3.5 Alternator
A permanent magnet alternator is a power generating device that produces a sinusoidal output when a mechanical input to its hub or shaft is applied. This device is constructed very much like a brushless motor with the appropriate selection of insulation materials and winding to match the environment and application. Alternator used for this research work has the following nominal parameters as specifications; Voltage = 12V, Current = 8.02 A, Speed = 1,500 rpm, Minimum speed for accumulator charging initiation = 1300 rpm.
Figure 3.8 AC Alternator


3.3.6 D.C Motor
Electric motors are electric generators reversed in function. They convert electrical energy into mechanical energy- the continual stresses between two electromagnetic field relatively moveable, just as generator convert into electromagnetic stresses, the mechanical energy applied to them (Aremu, 2009). Power from the electric motor is transmitted into the Alternator via rotating shaft driven system. Electric motor used for this research work has
the following configuration;1,500rpm (Speed), 12V.
Figure 3.9 DC Motor
3.5 Design Procedure
In the design of the fuel-less generating set, the following procedural steps are used to achieve the aims and objectives of the research work.
Step 1: Fabricating a crankshaft and boring a reasonable hole that will conveniently fit in to the DC motor with thread hole for bolting the motor to the crankshaft.
Step 2: Fitting the fabricated crankshaft in to the DC motor
Step 3: Inserting the DC motor with crankshaft into the crank casing of the alternator.
Step 4: Fitting the armature of the alternator into the casing.
Step 5: Dropping the stator core of the alternator into the armature
Step 6: Inserting a long bolt through the bearing end of the stator and tighten firmly to connect the motor and the alternator together.
Step 7: Replacing the cover of the alternator and fasten both the cover and the crankcase together.
Step 8: Constructing a frame for the generator to provide support and rigidity
Step 9: Connecting the diode to green cables and capacitor to the yellow ones.
Step 10: Connecting the terminals of the DC motor to equivalent terminals of the battery
Step 11: connecting the red cables to the mains as output.
Step 12 the assembling of the component, battery to dc motor and to ac (alternator) through cable.





Figure 3.10 design procedure
Figure 3.6 PICTORIAL DIAGRAMS OF A BATTERY, DC MOTOR AND ALTERNATOR.
Step 13 coupling of the component to the frame






Figure 3.11 design

Iranian President Hassan Rouhani has ordered his officials to develop nuclear-powered ships, accusing the United States of violating last year's international nuclear deal. World powers had agreed to lift sanctions in exchange for curbs to Iran's nuclear programme. But Congress recently voted to extend its laws regarding sanctions on Iran. President Barack Obama is expected to sign the laws, but says they will not affect the international agreement. He insists the White House will continue to suspend all the sanctions linked to Iran's nuclear programme. In a statement, Mr Rouhani criticised the Congress move as a breach of the accord and said he had asked his officials to start work on "planning the design and production of nuclear fuel and reactors for maritime transport." Five effects of lifting Iran sanctions CIA head warns Trump over Iran deal He also says Iran will make a legal complaint to the committee overseeing the agreement. In his presidential campaign, Donald Trump, now president-elect, threatened to scrap the Iran deal altogether, but it is unclear what his policy will be. Iran has raised the possibility of building nuclear- powered ships before, at the height of tensions with the international community over its nuclear programme. But analysts say it will be an extremely costly effort without strategic gain.

south African case is like this, what the way forward

The Gambia's security forces have taken over the headquarters of the electoral commission, its chairman says, as the country's president refuses to accept his loss in recent elections. Alieu Momar Njai told the BBC that staff were barred from entering. President Yahya Jammeh initially conceded defeat to Adama Barrow in a recent poll, before changing his mind. West African leaders have arrived in the country to try to persuade Mr Jammeh to step down peacefully. Africa Live: More on this and other stories How Gambians have lost their fear The man in charge for 22 years Adama Barrow: From security guard to president-elect The head of regional bloc Ecowas, Marcel de Souza, would not rule out sending in troops. "We have done it in the past," he told Radio France Internationale . "We currently have troops in Guinea-Bissau with the Ecomib mission. We have had troops in Mali. And therefore it is a possible solution." Mr Jammeh, who has ruled the country for 22 years, has questioned the validity of the count after the electoral commission changed some results, even though it insists the outcome was not affected. The commission said Mr Barrow obtained 222,708 votes (43.3%) compared with Mr Jammeh's 208,487 (39.6%). A third candidate, Mama Kandeh, won 89,768 votes (17.1%). Mr Njai on Sunday defended the results and warned Mr Jammeh against a legal challenge. "The election results were correct, nothing will change that," he said. "If it goes to court, we can prove every vote cast. The results are there for everyone to see."

Turkish police have detained 118 Kurdish People's Democratic Party (HDP) officials over alleged links to Kurdish militants, state media report. They were rounded up on suspicion of belonging to the outlawed Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK), reports said The arrests come two days after twin bomb attacks near a football stadium in Istanbul which killed 44 people. Meanwhile, Austria says that talks with Turkey over membership of the European Union should be suspended. 'Scourge of terrorism' Speaking in parliament, Turkish Health Minister Recep Akdag said most of the 44 people killed on Saturday were policemen. "It is very painful that we lost 36 of our police officers and eight civilians in a bloody attack," he said, according to Dogan news agency. The Kurdish militant group TAK, an offshoot of the PKK, said in a statement it had carried out the attack. President Erdogan told reporters on Sunday that Turkey would fight "the scourge of terrorism to the end", and promised that the attackers would pay a "heavy price". Tears and destruction amid PKK crackdown Turkey in midst of hideous vortex Who are Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) rebels? It is not clear whether the arrests made in dawn raids on Monday were linked to Saturday's attacks. At least 37 people were arrested in Istanbul and Ankara, and further arrests were made in some of Turkey's southern and western provinces. Last month, 10 HDP lawmakers - including co- leaders Selahattin Demirtas and Figen Yuksekdag - were arrested, causing international alarm. Speaking ahead of a meeting with his EU counterparts in Brussels, Austrian Foreign Minister Sebastian Kurz said that Europe could no longer ignore President Erdogan's crackdown on the opposition. "In the last few years, Turkey has drifted more and more away from Europe and in the past few months this trend has picked up speed. More than 100,000 have been arrested," he said. "Those who are dissenting are being intimidated and the death penalty is to be brought back. Europe has to react. The European parliament in my view did this courageously: they demanded the accession talks to be suspended. I share this assessment."

How to Start Learning Computer Programming Programming is lots of fun and extraordinarily useful. It allows you be creative and also opens up a wide range of new careers for you. If you want to learn how to program, read the tutorial below for an explanation of where to go and what to study. Part One of Three: Choosing a Language Choose a programming language. Computer programming is done as essentially a set of written instructions that the computer follows (also known as binary coding). These instructions can be written in a number of different "languages", or which are simply different ways of organizing the instructions and text. Different languages tend to be used to create different types of programs, however, so choose a language that you feel is relevant to what you want to do. If you decide that a language does not suit your needs, you can always move on to a new language. Consider C, C++, C# and related languages. These languages are mainly used for creating standalone computer applications such as games. C and C++ are difficult languages to learn for a beginner, but not impossible. Learning them will give you an in depth understanding of not only programming (most programming languages inherit some concept or the other from C and C++), but also of how a computer works. They are popular and widely used, though C#, a language very similar to Java, is starting to become much more common. Consider Java or JavaScript. These are good languages to learn if you want to work on making web plugins (JavaScript) or mobile apps (Java). These languages are very much in demand right now, so they are handy to know. Keep in mind that Java and JavaScript are completely different languages, despite the similarity in names. Try Python . Python is a very versatile language used widely across several platforms. Despite being extremely powerful, it is an easy language for a beginner to pick up, so give it a try! Consider PHP. PHP stands for PHP: Hypertext Processor. It is a web programming language and relatively easy to learn due to its weak typing and popularity (popularity means there will be several useful tutorials on the language). It is a great language for server side programming. Don't limit yourself to these languages! There are tons of programming languages, all with varying uses. If you want to work as programmer, you will definitely need to know more than one, so learn as many as you can. Your best bet will be to look at ads for the sort of jobs you want to get and look for the common languages that they ask for. Advertisement Part Two of Three: Learning the Language Think about going to school. While most companies hiring a programmer will care more about your skills than the college you went to or your grades, it greatly helps to have a college degree to point to. You will learn more efficiently than if you teach yourself, all while getting expert guidance from your teachers (and maybe your friends). There are often scholarships and grants available to those doing degrees in this field. Don't feel intimidated by the price tag of a degree: it is possible! Learn from online universities. Whether you do an online degree with fees and an actual degree at the end or you're attending a free program like MIT's wonderful Coursera, you can learn a lot about programming from these structured courses. Try using online tools. Use free services like Google’s University Consortium or Mozilla’s Developer Network to learn more about programming. These companies want more developers to help their platforms flourish and their resources can be some of the best on the web. Learn using online tutorials. There are loads of programmers with websites where they will teach you the individual basics, as well as a few tricks. Look up tutorials on the language you want to learn to find these. Many free online classes are available to learn coding from. The Khan Academy teaches computer coding, with easy tutorials and videos. Code Academy is another free site to learn from, with step-by-step tutorials. Start young if you can. There are several programs designed to teach kids to program. Programs like MIT's Scratch are very helpful and the younger you are, the easier it will be to pick up (like any language). Avoid kits, as these rarely teach anything useful. Advertisement Part Three of Three: Teaching Yourself Start with a good book or tutorial on programming. Get a good, current book on the programming language you want to learn. Reviews on Amazon or similar sites will usually help you identify helpful books from unhelpful ones. Get an interpreter for that language. An interpreter is just another computer program but it will convert ideas you've written in a programming language into "machine code" so you can see things work. Lots of programs are available and you will need to choose one that is appropriate for you. Read the book! Take examples of the programming language from the book and put them into your interpreter. Try changing the examples and making the program do different things. Try putting together your own ideas to form a working program. Start with simple things, like a program to convert currencies, and work your way up to more complex things as you continue reading and learning about your programming language. Learn another language. Once you start actively programming in your first language, you may want to learn a second one. You'll get the most out of learning a second programming language if you pick one that uses a radically different paradigm than the one you started with. For instance, if you started in Scheme, you might try learning C or Java next. If you started in Java, you could learn Perl or Python. Continue programming and trying new things! To be a good programmer you, at the very least, have to keep up with changing technology. It's a constant learning process, and you should always be learning new languages, new paradigms, and most importantly: programming new things!

Ankara has declared a day of mourning after a terror strike outside a soccer stadium on Saturday night in Istanbul killed 38 people and wounded 155. The target was police officers, according to the Interior Ministry. Turkish Prime Minister Binali Yildirim ordered flags to be flown at half- mast on Sunday as Turkey came to terms with its latest large-scale attack, this one targeting police officers, killing 30 of them together with seven civilians and one unidentified person. On Sunday, Turkish Interior Minister Suleyman Soylu told reporters that 13 people had been arrested in connection with the "terrorist attack." Funeral services were held at midday at Istanbul's police headquarters for some of the officers killed. Yildirim, President Recep Tayyip Erdogan and other top officials were in attendance as police officers carried the coffins, covered by the Turkish flag. Erdogan canceled a scheduled trip to Kazakhstan, according to his office and convened a security meeting of cabinet ministers on Sunday. He said the aim of the attack, which happened after a football match, was to cause the maximum number of casualties. Adding that his government would do its best to overcome terror. "Nobody should doubt that with God's will, we as a country and a nation will overcome terror, terrorist organizations ... and the forces behind them," Erdogan said in a statement. The first blast, a car bomb, occurred on Saturday night outside the Vodafone Arena, home to Istanbul's Besiktas football team. A minute afterwards, a second explosion struck an adjacent park. According to Soylu, the first explosion took place at an assembly area for riot police two hours after a match between Besiktas and Bursaspor. The second attack came when police surrounded the suspected bomber in nearby Macka Park. Soylu raised the initial reported death toll of 29 to 38. He said 136 people remained hospitalized Sunday after the attack, including 14 in intensive care. Government blames PKK No one has claimed responsibility for the explosions, although the government has blamed Kurdish militants who have committed some past attacks. Deputy Prime Minister Numan Kurtulmus told the private news channel CNN Turk that "arrows point to the PKK," the outlawed Kurdistan Workers' Party, which has waged a decades- long insurgency. That preliminary assessment was echoed by the interior minister. Ankara is engaged in rooting out Kurdish insurgency in its southeast. The "Islamic State" (IS) group has also been blamed for previous strikes, including one in June, when militants killed 45 people in a gun attack on Istanbul's airport. Last week, the group threatened to target Ankara's "security, military, economic and media establishment." Turkey is a member of NATO and the US-led coalition to wipe out IS, which has seized large areas of Iraq and Syria, declaring them part of its "caliphate."

A car bomb has exploded outside the port of the Somali capital Mogadishu, killing several people and injuring many others. Officials say the death toll is likely to increase. A bomb exploded at the entrance of Mogadishu port on Sunday, killing at least 12 civilians and injuring dozens of others. "The death toll may rise. There were porters and public vehicles queuing outside the gate when the blast occurred," police officer Abdikadi Ahmed told journalists. An ambulance service official speaking to the Agence France-Presse news agency reported a higher death toll and said nearly 50 people had been injured. The blast took place when a man drove a van packed with explosives into a police station and a security checkpoint at the entrance. The explosion severely damaged the building and thick plumes of black smoke could be seen throughout the city. The Islamic extremist group al-Shabab took responsibility for the attack through an official statement on its radio channel, Radio Andalus. The al-Shabab insurgency aims to drive out African Union peacekeepers, topple the Somalian government and create a state based on orthodox Islam.

More than 30 people are dead in Kenya following a highway explosion. Reports say a truck ferrying chemical gas lost control and rammed into other vehicles, before exploding into flames. A truck carrying chemicals exploded on a Kenyan highway, killing more than 30 people late Saturday, local authorities said. The tanker lost control on a downhill stretch of the road from Nairobi to Naivasha and smashed into other vehicles, Mwachi Pius Mwachi, the deputy director of the National Disaster Management Unit said. It burst into flames starting a blaze involving more that 11 vehicles, he said. A Red Cross official said the group found multiple bodies at the crash. The crash involved more than 11 vehicles "We have so far collected 25 bodies from the scene of the accident after a lorry heading to Uganda lost control and rammed into several vehicles," Felister Kioko said at the scene. "It's a terrible incident, people are burnt, some in their cars and others as they tried to escape," said a police officer on the scene. George Rono was driving when he saw the tanker crash into other vehicles. "We survived by luck because we saw it happen," Rono said. "We heard vehicles hooting simultaneously then a loud burst that was followed by fire, that's when I swerved my car and jumped out, when fire started spreading, but luckily it didn't get to where we were." "It is like a horror movie," said Jane Muthoni, a shopkeeper who works close to the scene of the accident and rushed there soon after it happened to try to help people escape their cars. "It will haunt me for a long time, imagining that huge fire where people were burning, and now I have seen some seated in their vehicles dead," she said. People posted images of the scene on social media. Doctors and nurses were still on a five-day strike in Kenya on Sunday, crippling many key hospitals. Local newspaper Daily Nation reported a death toll of 40, including the 14 passengers of a minibus. More than 1,500 people died in road accidents in the first half of 2016, according to the National Transport and Safety Authority. In 2009 more than 100 people died in Kenya after a petrol tanker caught fire.

At least 29 people have been killed after two bombs exploded near a sports stadium in Istanbul. One of the blasts is suspected to have been a suicide bomb. Twin blasts outside a football stadium in Istanbul killed at least 29 people and injured 166, Turkey's interior minister Suleyman Soylu said. The two explosions, believed to be a car bomb and a suicide bomb, exploded at about 10.30pm on Saturday outside the newly-constructed Vodafone Arena Stadium, also known as Besiktas Stadium, in the European side of the city. Minister Soylu said arrests had been made, but more details were not given. President Recep Tayyip Erdogan released a statement saying the deadly attack targeted police and civilians, and aimed to maximize casualties. He did not confirm the death toll. "A terrorist attack has been carried out against our security forces and our citizens," he wrote. "As a result of these attacks unfortunately we have martyrs and wounded." A video uploaded to YouTube purported to show the blast from the eastern bank of the Bosphorus. Turkish journalist Ezgi Basaran tweeted a picture of debris from the scene. "It is thought to be a car bomb at a point where our special forces police were located, right after the match at the exit where Bursaspor fans exited, after the fans had left," Turkey's state-run Anadolu Agency quoted Soylu as saying. He later told reporters in Istanbul the first, larger explosion happened on a hill overlooking the stadium and the second struck Macka Park. "It was like hell. The flames went all the way up to the sky. I was drinking tea at the cafe next to the mosque," Omer Yilmaz, who works at the neighboring Dolmabahce mosque, told Reuters. "People ducked under the tables, women began crying. Football fans drinking tea at the cafe sought shelter, it was horrible." Pictures showed body bags at the scene of the attacks Turkey's privately-owned NTV channel said first bomb targeted a bus for riot police. It reported 38 people were wounded. Witnesses said they heard gunfire after the explosions. Local TV stations showed more than a dozen ambulances at the stadium and a police helicopter flying overhead with its searchlights on. The sound of gunfire could be heard after the explosions The Besiktas sports club, who were playing visiting team Bursaspor at the stadium earlier on Saturday, "strongly condemned" terrorism and the attack in a statement. Bursaspor said none of its fans were wounded and wished "a speedy recovery to our wounded citizens." Turkish media authorities had partially banned outlets from covering the attacks, citing national security concerns. It said "to avoid broadcasts that can result in public fear, panic or chaos, or that will serve the aims of terrorist organizations." Media blackouts are common after such attacks in Turkey. No groups claimed responsibility for the blasts. Turkey had a year of militant attacks in its two biggest cities that left dozens dead and put the country on high alert. Kurdish militants twice struck in Ankara, and suspected Islamic State group suicide bombers hit Istanbul on three occasions. Erdogan's ruling AKP party today lodged a constitutional reform bill that would expand his powers and that critics said would weaken democratic checks and balances.

Ghanaian opposition candidate Nana Akufo-Addo has said he was "quietly confident" he won his country's election. The electoral commission has yet to release most results from Wednesday's vote. The candidate for the New Patriotic Party (NPP), Nana Akufo-Addo, spoke of an impending victory on Thursday in the tense Ghanaian presidential election. "We the NPP are quietly confident that we have won a famous and historic victory," Akufo-Addo told a cheering crowd of supporters. He urged them to be patient while the votes are counted after the election on Wednesday. The electoral agency said they received preliminary results from 90 out of 275 constituencies, but have only formally published the results from 25 constituencies. "Please be patient," said electoral commission head Charlotte Osei. "Accuracy is more important than speed." Local media organizations looked at publicly posted constituency results and reported Akufo-Addo was in the lead. PeaceFM reported Akufo-Addo was in the lead with 53.96 percent of the vote from just over half of the 275 constituencies. CitiFM gives Akufo-Addo the lead with 52.70 percent of the vote tallied from 104 constituencies. There were seven presidential candidates on the ballot in Ghana Tight, tense election Akufo-Addo ran against incumbent John Mahama of the National Democratic Congress (NDC) in a tense election in what is considered one of Africa's most secure democracies. The two candidates faced off in the 2012 election, with Mahama winning 50.7 percent of the vote which was unsuccessfully contested in Ghana's Supreme Court by Akufo- Addo. Five other candidates are vying for the presidency, including former first lady Nana Konadu Agyeman-Rawlings. If there is no majority victor, a run-off vote will be held later in December. Internal counts by both the NPP and NDC claim a victory for their side. Akufo-Addo said the NPP also gained 49 seats and would control the legislature. A senior official in the NDC said it may have lost its majority in parliament. Mahama ran for his second and final term in office. He urged voters to "stay the course," promising more infrastructure projects. The Ghanaian economy has slowedsince Mahama took office in 2013, in part due to a slump in global prices for gold, cocoa and oil exports.

Ghanaians turned out in large numbers on Wednesday as President John Mahama faced off opposition frontrunner Nana Akufo-Addo in general elections. DW correspondents said voting was slow but peaceful. Three hours in the queue of an Accra polling station have turned Azazariah Norteyi into an angry man. "The process is very bad. The queue is not moving at all. People are just squeezing themselves in here and there," he told a DW correspondent in front of a polling station in Ghana's capital. Interest in the elections was high across the country with a large chunk of the 15 million registered voters turning out. Many began lining up at the 29,000 polling stations at dawn, sometimes waiting for hours before they could cast their ballots. "There are two major candidates and they have two different agenda for the country so, I believe is very critical for us to decide which way is good for the country," a voter who only identified himself as Seth told a DW correspondent in Accra. Tight neck to neck race The polls are expected to be a neck to neck race between incumbent president John Dramani Mahama, who's seeking a second four-year term, and his closest rival Nana Akufo-Addo. Akufo- Addo, 72, a former foreign minister, is making his third and likely final run for the country's top job. Both have pledged to rebuilt Ghana's battered economy, fight corruption and create jobs for the country's unemployed. They also promise to solve the country's persistent energy crisis that has led to a 10- percent-drop in economic growth between 2011 and 2015. Both candidates commended Ghanaians for the conduct of the polls. President Mahama is running for a second term of office "I think Ghana's democracy has matured. This election is going to consolidate that democracy further," President Mahama told journalists after casting his vote in his northern home region of Bole. 'I find the atmosphere quite calm' - ex- president Former president Jerry Rawlings echoed similar sentiments after casting his ballot at a polling station in Accra. "I find the atmosphere quite calm and I hope it continues this way," Rawlings, who left office in the year 2001, told reporters. Election observers from Britain, the African Union and the West African economic bloc ECOWAS are monitoring the polls, together with more than 8,000 local observers. "It is okay. These are some of the teething things, people trying to find out 'I voted here, but now there is a longer queue', that's the most that we have seen. We don't really think that there is a problem,' local election observer Fred Deegbe told DW. More than 70 volunteers at the Social Media Tracking Centre were digging through Ghana's social networks across the day to detect hate speech, spreading of rumors or any election-related incidents. Final results expected by Friday "If there are some issues, we can raise the red flag and pass it onto the appropriate authorities," the centre's director Kwame Ahiagbenu told DW. Seven candidates are vying for the presidency Many Ghanaian voters were hoping for a peaceful voting process after a supporter of the main opposition party NPP was beaten to death and six others critically wounded in a rare outburst of pre-election violence on Monday. Last week, all seven presidential candidates had made a pledge to follow election rules and oppose violence. A heavy police and military presence at polling stations and major roads contributed to the peaceful conduct of the polls. "We should use this particular day as a festival, as an occasion to enjoy ourselves. Even if we are going to retain our president or if we are going to elect new president, we are all one. One people, one country, one destiny," voter Ken Addo told a DW correspondent in the capital Accra. First results will be released on Thursday, with the final outcome expected on Friday.

Ghanaian President John Mahama is seeking to fend off a challenge from rival Nana Akufo-Addo. Once a regional economic growth model, Ghana has been forced to turn to the IMF. Campaigning in the Ghanaian elections came to an end on Monday, Ghanaians will be casting their ballots on Wednesday. On the campaign trail, John Mahama, the incumbent president, danced with his fans, spoke to women in the market, and opened new schools. He speaks Haussa and the local languages Akan, Ga and Gonja. Mahama wants to be seen as man of the people. "He is like a pal," Burkhardt Hellemann, head of Germany Konrad Adenauer Foundation in Ghana's capital Accra said. "He speaks a language that the people understand, that's how he scores." 57-year-old Mahama was born in the country's Northern Region, where still enjoys strong support. His National Democratic Congress (NDC) was returned to power under John Atta Mills in 2008 after a period in opposition. Mahama became president on Mills' death in July 2012 and was subsequently elected for a full term in office in December 2012. Mahama is now running for a second term. "On the seventh of December, the destiny of this country is in our own hands. Whether we want to turn back the clock of progress or we want to continue moving forward and making progress, it is in your hands, I have done my best, the rest is left to you. But I know you will make the right decision. It is simple it is logical" he said. Promises of industrialization Nana Akufo-Addo may benefit from Ghanaians' desire for change Nana Akufo-Addo, the opposition leader, doesn't use that sort of rhetoric. He has campaigned twice for the post of president, in 2008 and 2012. On both occasions, he was regarded by some as a rather remote figure. "He came across as arrogant intellectual. The contact to the citizens was very difficult for him," Hellemann said. But Akufo-Addo makes big promises. "We are going to build a new harbor and the landing site and storage facilities that we need to get the fishing community on all the coast working. We are going to do it. We have a program on national re- development and expansion involving the industrialization of our country. Every district is going to have one factory," he said. In addition, every village in Ghana's Northern Region should get a reservoir so it can cope better during the dry season, Akufo-Addo promised. Mahama and Akufo-Addo faced each other in the previous elections in 2012 when Mahama won by a slim majority. The outcome this Wednesday could be rather different, Clement Adje, an election observer, told DW that people the people he has been speaking to say they want change. "Many are suffering from the economic situation," he said. Distant but popular Besides promising progress in Ghana's industrialization, Akufo-Addo pledged to fight corruption, another reason why Ghanaians could cast their ballots in his favor, Adjei said many people believe that government officials are corrupt. They think the reason why they are suffering is because public money is not being spent on their well-being. "When Akufo-Addo says he is going to solve that problem, they believe him." Akufo-Addo, a 72-year-old lawyer, was minister of justice from 2001 until 2003 when he became foreign minister. Both Akufo-Addo and Mahama are veteran politicians. Both stem from rich and influential families and studied or worked abroad, before climbing the political ladder. John Mahama says his government is an example of fiscal discipline. He promises that tackling corruption will be a priority if he is elected Democratic role model In 1957 Ghana became the first African country to gain independence from colonial rule and is seen as role model for democracy on the continent. More recently it was also regarded as an economic role model. In 2011, Ghana's economic growth was a healthy 14 percent. Yet over the last three years growth rates have declined and youth unemployment in particular has became a problem which President Mahama seemed unable to solve. Despite Ghana's reputation as a stable democracy, glitches were reported in early voting ahead of polling day. Names were missing on the list of voters. But the head of the EU Election Observer Mission Tamas Meszerics believes all will go well. "Elections are always a learning process in every country. This is not unique to Ghana so in that respect I have every trust that on December 7 this will be a smooth operation."

Pope Francis has celebrated Mass in a sparsely attended Tbilisi stadium in predominately Orthodox Georgia. The Pope was deserted by the leadership of the Georgian Orthodox Church, in a surprising snub to the Vatican. Barely 3,000 people braved brilliant sunshine Saturday on a beautiful autumn day to attend a Mass held in the former Soviet republic's 27,000-capacity sports arena in a snub that highlights ongoing divisions between the Catholic and Georgian Orthodox churches. The snub was unexpected. Pope Francis had received a surprisingly warm welcome from the Orthodox leader upon his arrival Fridayfor the three-day visit that also includes a stop in Muslim- majority Azerbaijan. Patriarch Ilia welcomed Francis as my "dear brother" and toasted him saying: "May the Lord bless the Catholic Church of Rome." However, the Orthodox leader and other senior figures were nowhere to be seen on Saturday. Meanwhile, some hardline Orthodox protesters gathered in the city to criticize the Papal visit. Signs read: "The Vatican is a spiritual aggressor," and "Death of papism." The Orthodox patriarchate, though, had criticized the protests, indicating something of an institutional shift that compared to the frosty reception by then-Pope John Paul II's 1999 visit, which the Orthodox Church explicitly encouraged Georgians to boycott. The Georgian Orthodox church is ultraconservative and nationalistic and tied to the Moscow Patriarchate, which has strained, though improving, relations with the Holy See . Hardline Orthodox Christian protesters didn't exactly roll out a red carpet for Pope Francis in Tbilisi, Georgia. September 30, 2016. Georgia has a miniscule 2.5- percent Catholic minority in the overwhelmingly Orthodox Christian country. It was to those Catholics that Pope Francis seemed to tailor his address. "Little and beloved flock of Georgia, who are so committed to works of charity and education, receive the encouragement of the Good Shepherd, trust in the One who takes you on his shoulders and consoles you," Francis said in a homily. But some Orthodox Christians did turn up to hear the Pope's message. "I'm Orthodox, this is a Catholic Mass, but we are all Christians," Nata Koridze, a 40-year-old woman, told the DPA news agency. Francis' Saturday itinerary includes a meeting with Georgia's Catholic clergy, a visit a hospital for the poor run by Catholic missionaries and a cathedral in Mtsketa, 22 kilometers (14 miles) northwest of the capital city and considered the spiritual center of the Georgian Orthodox Church. His three-day visit will next move on to Muslim- majority Azerbaijan. That country is locked in a bitter and bloody conflict with Armenia over the breakaway province of Nagorno-Karabakh, which Francis visited in June. jar/rc (AP, dpa)

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