₦airaland Forum

phantom:
Oga you are the one swimming in ignorance and making a fool of yourself. Yes, most vaccines take up to 10years for full development but in the case of covid, it was accelerated via the millions of dollars(in excess of 500million dollars) pumped in over a short period BECAUSE of the danger it posed.
Read the article below
SOURCE: https://wellcome.org/news/quick-safe-covid-vaccine-development

How have Covid-19 vaccines been made quickly and safely?
Explainer
How have Covid-19 vaccines been made quickly and safely?
Unprecedented international cooperation and focus have led to multiple effective and safe Covid-19 vaccines in less than a year, and created a blueprint for future vaccine development. Here's how.

The first vaccines for Covid-19 were developed in under twelve months. How was this possible and what can we learn from this?
The Covid-19 pandemic threatens every one of us, wherever we are, which has demanded a new global approach to vaccine development. There has been unprecedented international attention, cooperation and use of resources, enabling us to act at speed to stop people dying and protect livelihoods.

For most diseases, developing a vaccine can take more than 10 years. The development process is expensive, so to keep costs down development takes place slowly, each stage only beginning when the previous stage is successfully completed.

This has meant a fundamental redesign of the staggered approach of conventional vaccine development, so that Covid-19 vaccine development can safely be done much faster.

So far, it has been an extraordinary success – a brilliant example of what we can achieve when we work together.

It’s a bit like driving across a busy city in rush hour. Normally you spend lots of time waiting at traffic lights, but when you have a police escort, you can take the same journey and get to the same place, just as safely, but faster.


**Vaccines developed by Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna and Oxford-AstraZeneca are the first Covid-19 vaccines to get emergency authorisation**

The usual vaccine development process
All licensed vaccines currently available have been made using a traditional vaccine development model. Because of the high costs and failure rate, this usually follows a linear sequence of steps.

There are five stages to the process:

Discovery research – normally takes between 2 and 5 years and involves lab-based research looking to find ways to induce an immune response at a molecular level.

The pre-clinical stage – takes up to 2 years and involves testing in animals to assess the safety and suitability of potential vaccines for humans.

Clinical development involves testing potential vaccines in humans and has three phases:
phase I: testing for safety – takes 2 years and requires 10-50 (usually healthy) people to take part in trials.
phase II: understanding the immune response, safety and dosage – takes 2 to 3 years and requires hundreds of people to take part in randomised trials, including a placebo control group and people with the target disease.
phase III: assessing if the vaccine safely protects against the disease – including prevention of infection and related immune responses – takes 5 to 10 years and requires thousands of people to take part in trials, including a placebo control group.

Regulatory approval – can take 2 years and involves submitting data and information on the vaccine’s safety and efficacy to regulatory authorities for review, to gain approval. Pharmaceutical companies continue to monitor effectiveness and safety after the vaccine has been licensed.
Manufacturing and delivery – require specialist facilities that are highly regulated and expensive to set up.

Using this approach, a vaccine would usually take more than 10 years to be developed and cost between $200 and $500 million.

Each of these stages happens in sequence, one after the other. At each stage, and between stages, there would be a lot of waiting.

With Covid-19, we couldn’t afford to wait. Because of how deadly and disruptive Covid-19 is, we simply had to find ways to speed up the usual vaccine development approach.

What changed to develop a Covid-19 vaccine at speed?
Developing Covid-19 vaccines in one year instead of 10 has been a monumental task. To succeed, new collaborative approaches to science and global manufacturing and distribution have been created.

The result has been faster vaccine development than we’ve ever seen, but without cutting back on testing and safety measures.

This has been possible thanks to public, private and philanthropic collaboration and investment on a never-before-seen level.

The investment needed for Covid-19 vaccine development is significant. $2 billion has been spent by COVAX alone, and they require a further $6.8 billion in 2021 to achieve their goal of delivering 2 billion vaccine doses globally.

While this sounds costly – at least four times the cost of usual vaccine development – it’s a good investment, given that we’re losing $375 billion from the global economy every month due to the pandemic.


To work together at speed, researchers, developers and funders have had to seek three things:

1. Unprecedented collaboration
To work at speed has meant carrying out different stages of development and production at the same time, to get to a vaccine faster.

Vaccine trials have been carried out in parallel around the world, not just in high-income countries, to give us the best chance of finding vaccines that are safe and effective for everyone.

2. Funding for multiple vaccines
We didn’t and still don’t know where the best Covid-19 vaccines will come from, so teams are trying as many different innovations and technologies as possible. This gives us the best chance of finding ones that work, and a diversity of vaccines with different requirements to make sure they work in a variety of contexts and populations.

3. Creation of additional manufacturing capability
To meet the demand for the billions of doses of Covid-19 vaccines (in addition to all the other routine vaccines that still need to be manufactured, such as MMR and polio) requires various steps to be taken:

manufacturing was started before the Covid-19 vaccines were proven to be safe and effective. This was done to avoid delay when a vaccine was approved, but at a risk to the vaccine manufacturers. If a vaccine wasn’t approved, they would have to bin what they had made, a bit like making a lot of food for an event that doesn’t go ahead.
some new manufacturing sites have had to be built, and more might be needed. This is because many existing sites are still needed to produce routine immunisations which must be kept up where possible to limit the burden of additional outbreaks. Also, new sites were needed to manufacture some of the novel vaccine technologies that are being tried for Covid-19, which have not been produced at scale before.
production sites have to be spread around the world, to help make sure vaccines are equitably distributed to communities everywhere.
a diverse pool of vaccines is needed to get control of this pandemic, so we must continue to develop additional safe and effective vaccines, particularly ones that are easier or cheaper to manufacture and deliver. This could include vaccines that only require one dose. We will stockpile new vaccines, ready for trials and emergency authorisation for future outbreaks, beyond this pandemic.

The dumb boy has cancelled your comments.Ammishaddai is a shameless boy who cannot take corrections I am embarrassed on his behalf the trash he is spitting intelligent people will refute offline so let him be here talking like the village tout that he is

Ammishaddai:
[s] Shut the fvck up . Science is evolving means it should jump safety steps abi? Idiot. No wonder why they keep using nitwits like you for experiments and drug tests .

The same polio vaccines that killed millions of african and Indian kids in 70s was approved by the same world governing bodies approving this same bullshit you're taking right now . Yet common sense has not told you to see through the fluff[/s]

Like I said shut up you have nothing upstairs or important to say apart from insults.

Champions of Europe

OChimex:
You are correct my guy. Lots of ignoramus here. Very lazy. Africans don't read. The guy asking village people this kind question suppose Google deeply to get more correct answers than asking village guys here such question.

They think say vaccines dey dey body for years? Them no know say that what the vaccines do is to get your antibodies activated to face such virus. Which was why once you don suffer chicken pox, your body go develope antibodies on their own wey go make you no suffer the disease for life again.

Nor mind them

Ammishaddai come and learn.

Ammishaddai:
[s]You're a young fool who is swimming in ignorance.
The Coronaviruses are a unique specie of viruses that have existed since you were born . Examples of Corona viruses are SARS(Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome), MERS (MiddleEast Respiratory Syndrome) and Ebola viruses. What you're dealing with now is a new species of the Coronavirus and it's called Covid-19. Secondly, the minimum period for vaccine development is 5 years . If you doubt , check reputable bodies like the CDC and WHO and see the standard period for vaccine development. And while you're it , ask yourself why such a long time is needed . Mumu[/s]

I didn't ask for all these balderdash that is common knowledge what makes the covid19 different according to you,since you know that they must be up to 5 years why did they approve it young fool.Was it not the same reputable bodies that approved the use of these vaccines so why are you doubting them when did you begin to know better than them ehn mumu Who said anything about Coronavirus not existing for a long time is that the bone of contention why are you deflecting?
Like I said shut up and stop spilling trash.Now tell me the clinical trials used for these vaccines meant to fight covid19 why then were they approved or didn't they also go through the normal process?
You are the mumu since you don't know that science is evolving and fast tracking vaccines creation is also a part of that olodo rabata and 5 years is not a static benchmark for anything because of the evolving and innovative process of science a time will come when vaccines will take less time for development by then continue embarrassing yourself that it must still be 5 years mumu.You are the educated idiot.

Ammishaddai:
[s]Stop embarrassing yourself with ignorance. Kindly Google search it . Because if I do that you'll come up with a lousy excuse that I copied it or the site is not credible[/s]

I have actually and there is no where that is stated development though often,not always neither is it a must takes up to 10-15 years and it is not in always the case.

You didn't Google search yours but you came here rambling like the illiterate that you are don't go and learn.You obviously don't know that there has been Coronavirus before and there was vaccine development for it over the years and this particular one is a novel member of the Coronavirus family.

Get lost jaare olodo you are not a scientist but your mouth loud waah .You didn't follow the clinical trials of the vaccines but you are here making noise

Ammishaddai:
I'm enlightening your apparent stupidity.

You are the one who is apparently stupid who told you that a clinical trial must last for 5 years where did you get that benchmark.You don't know that science continues to evolve and innovative ways are always there to speed up trial

Go and enlighten yourself and stop being a clown,I have modified my earlier comments so you can learn more.

Ammishaddai:
[s]Don't be any more stupid than necessary. What you simpletons call education in this country is a pathetic excuse to amass educational status without applying practical knowledge into everyday instances. For your information, all vaccines require 5-year trial period for testing before it can be called safe. But your the gullibility and ignorance mixed with panic and fear didn't allow you see this small detail .

Let's even assume this vaccine was presumed to be safe , can you tell us the long term effects in five years from now ? Or how about if it turns out to be unsafe ...can you sue Moderna and AstraZeneca for damages? Next time think critically before typing rubbish[/s].

Shut up all these irrelevant questions you are asking a simple Google search will help you instead of rambling here like a village tout. You are the gullible clown trying to be smart by half.All vaccines do not require 5 years clinical trials and there has been coronavirus before so vaccines like this has been in the developing stage for years.

Common go and learn

Thoughty2:
Righteousness, I appreciate your zeal for God but you need to take a balanced approach to life. Taking the vaccine does not in any way mean that you are selling your soul to the devil neither are you receiving any mark of the beast.

Moreover, if taking any vaccine at all means that you are receiving the mark of the beast then it means you already have the mark because you have taken a couple of vaccines while growing up.

Please let's stop being naive or ignorant. Do your research and get more information. It is relatively free.

The earlier you realize that righteousness2 is a clown the better for you

Lol.

A woman in Texas who is anti-vaccine lost her 4 year old daughter to covid19 this week.A lot of them are like that another anti-vaccine couple died and left 4 kids behind there are many other reports of this.

A lot of unvaccinated people are the ones mostly getting affected and dying of the virus.The Delta variant is terrible.
I am done telling people to get vaccinated the unvaccinated ones are the ones mostly dying so use your head and do the maths.

Wisdom is profitable to direct na una know.God bless our health care workers and scientist.

Ammishaddai:
Don't mind those educated idiots advocating for the OP to take the vaccine . Even they themselves aren't sure of its efficacy. Those taking the vaccine are doing so because overhyped scares and mounting pressures being dished out by specific work places

You are the educated .....

Are you a scientist do you know how vaccines work and what they do?shut your trap and stop spilling nonsense

johnnobles:
Angel don use her hand spoil her game. No fighting spirit at all. Thumbs up for Nini. She use her blood win vecto.

Angel did not spoil her game we are voting massively for her.

HIGHESTPOPORI:
Na mumu go vote for Angel. My 2 Favs Whitemoney and Queen are in a safe place.Giving my votes for Cross, two times veto power victim.

Vote your vote and stop insulting those of us voting for Angel.

Mind your business no need for the insults.

Eeghe:
I will pray so hard for my two favs
Both up
Chim

It is annoying they should all be up abeg

How can these people except Saskay leave the house before Nini and Saga

In the next 20 days this boring season will be over.


There are still over 10 housemates in that house.When the organisers should have evicted Saga and Nini they refused I hope these two don't pull a Neo and Vee 2.0.

Why not just put them all up for eviction this season is the worst let it come to an end.

Goodvibes007:
*Texas is suing Texas schools.* The Texas AG is basically suing his clients. Lol.

TalibanTexas aka Pro-death Party. They try to force you to have the child but would sue you when you try to protect the child.

These people are clowns what is Texas turning into?

Thank goodness Newsome will be safe,no one wants California to look like this

"How America's former presidents will commemorate the 9/11 anniversary.

President Bush-Keynote speaker at Flight 93 memorial


President Obama-Memorial services at all 3 memorial
sites

President Trump-Ringside commentary at boxing
match"

copied


It turns out the former guy is now into boxing mania and couldn't give a rat ass about today it truly says a lot but then I am not surprised.

Manshot1:
Department of Justice to sue Texas for its repressive abortion law

Good news

https://apnews.com/article/texas-abortion-justice-department-lawsuit-851b4ef55da816bda704be491bfc032c

leeikem:
After 5years.. I pray for those who would take the vaccines not to develop any health issues.
Vaccines lives in your body, becareful of the western people, they see Africans as experiment. As brainwashed Africans sees them as gods.

Is it only Africans that are taking the Johnson and Johnson vaccine

sanpipita:
Approval ratings matter or should we ignore?

I don't know why I feel that next year's midterm elections will have one of the highest turnout in midterm elections history just like last year's election.

These republiQans are overdoing it and many women will show up at the polls,with the disastrous management of covid from Abbott and DeSantis these men could be beatable that is if Congress acts to stop these voter suppression laws in GQP states

PrideofLincoln1:
Texas Taliban indeed and some idiots are proud of these fundamentalist Christians that hates people that doesn't look White.

Fundamentalist Christians are no different from other fundamentalist in other religions.That is why they are rightly called Talibangelicals on twitter

Texas Taliban

edi287:
Texas Republicans will have to make provisions for rape and incest or it'll be an issue. It wouldn't surprise me if Trump leans that way too.

Texas republiQans should focus on how to get the state to the power grid or at least give Texans better electricity,legislate on better gun control laws,improve healthcare and education and also fight covid19 there are much better things for them to do than monitor women's bodies.

It is my body my choice when it comes to mask and vaccines but it isn't my body my choice when it comes to women's reproductive health and right to choose.

All in an effort to control women,shame on them they will hear from women at the polls.The house will vote on the women's health protection act this month and over 48 democratic senators have signed unto this bill, maybe Collins and Murkowski will come through here.

If you don't want to have an abortion don't, but if you think banning abortions stops abortions it doesn't it only makes it risky and unsafe and leads to back alley abortions,it takes two to make a baby so I don't get why one party should be given an undue burden.

PrideofLincoln1:
Some House Democrats led by Ro Khanna of California is proposing 18 year term limits for Supreme Court Justices. Time to seriously look at this proposal because i do not believe in life term appointments for any justices be it Supreme Court or the other Federal Judges. I don't know about the constitutional implication but i believe it's something to be looked at.

In Nigeria we have age limits,70 years for supreme court justices and others while High court judges retire at age 65. Although there is a bill for consideration to extend this to 5 more years but then the important thing here is that it isn't a life time appointment.

I think this should be seriously considered in the supreme court reform and expansion as well,In Nigeria we have up to 21 justices of the supreme court as provided for by the constitution and unlike the USA where there are 9 and the justices get to have their own interpretation of the law as conservative and liberal justices in Nigeria all justices and judges are recommended by the NJC,no need for federalist society justices as is the case in the USA.Nigerian law is quite different it was influenced by the imperial laws though

Aketi2:
These are all over Youtube. Its not just US, its the entire west. Watch Sky News and see the reality, stop watching CNN which is filled with propaganda.

The sky News you claim to watch doesn't have propaganda abi?

Like I said stick to what you know and stop posting falsehoods.CNN is not your problem

Goodvibes007:
Fact #3 : Tokyo Metropolitan Government Does NOT Recommend Ivermectin

Even the Tokyo Metropolitan Government itself does NOT recommend the use of ivermectin.

In their latest 28 June 2021 FAQ on COVID-19, the Tokyo Metropolitan Government states :

There are currently no antiviral drugs that are known to be effective against the coronavirus disease, so treatment aims to relieve symptoms.

In other words, the same Metropolitan government that Dr. Haruo Ozaki advises did NOT accept his suggestion to allow the off-label use of ivermectin.

You are really doing a good job on this thread.

Kudos to you

Kokobilo87:
Say tha truth we know ya aba girls ah into bleaching and ah olosho.

Ya must be talking about ya familiiii ya knaaw

Kokobilo87:
Evangelynn how many abortion have ya?

Ifa weer to ha one it will be to abort ya,ya knaaw

saajus:
Who was the President when they invaded Iraq and Afghanistan. The vote in the house was bipartisan. You don't know what you are talking about. Let them keep deceiving you that Republicans are Godly.

Don't mind the ignorant boy

Ammishaddai:
[s]I can see you're squirming in your redundancy by repeating Republicans over and over forgetting that Joe Biden is a Democrat who didn't approve of Trump's ways of running things in the middle east. Now the question: why hasnt he change policy since he assumed office ... ? Or did Republicans force Democrats to choose policies formulated by the previous administration? Nonsense[/s]

You just keep proving that you don't know jack.

Ammishaddai:
There is a proverb that says " if your neighbor's house is on fire, help him quench it quickly before it gets to yours . " If America leaves Afghanistan in the hands of the Taliban , then get ready to see bolder and more formidable terror groups spring up from all over Asia and the middle east

What was America's job in Afghanistan before,do you know why they went there 20 years ago?If they have achieved their aim why should they still be there?was it not the republicans who went there and your beloved Trump started the withdrawal?

Was it the democrats that started it or the republicans?was it not the Afghan military they gave those equipments to?Let those countries fight their terror,you don't fight an ideology like that,their own communities should do the needful America and other nations have a lot on their plate to deal with and interventionism is not really fancy in 2021.

You lots will just be saying nonsense trying to castigate people on something you are clearly not familiar with?If the democrats won't miss hell you won't miss it too.

Balderdash.

Ammishaddai:
[s][/s] Your talk doesn't have an ounce of sense in it

You are the one typing balderdash and deflecting the question that man asked you. He actually made more sense than you so try to comprehend.