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Boss, my phone got stolen around mid November and I'm using my pops phone to browse since I'm home for the holidays.
I'll be grateful if you can give it to me or sell at a cheap price.

What is farm management

Farm management is the science of organizing and combining people, natural and material resources for the purpose of crop and livestock production in order to maximize profit while optimizing input use such as land, labour, management skill, special knowledgeable, capital etc.

Some management practices are;

★ Daily management practices
★ Occasional management practices

DESCRIPTION OF FARM MANAGEMENT FUNCTION ON OAU TEACHING AND RESEARCH FARM

COLLATED BY

Bleep

AEC/Bleep/Bleep

AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS

SUBMITTED TO

PROF XX

DEPARTMENT OF

AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS

XX UNIVERSITY

Bleep , NIGERIA

DECEMBER 8TH, 2021

Feed mill unit
The feed mill unit is located at the farm center and the unit is involved in processing and production of feeds.

Daily maintenance
Cleaning of machines and implements after use.
Record keeping.
Cleaning the environment early before the day operation starts

Occasional management practices
Servicing of machines used in the unit eg. the mixer, Pelletizer, maize shelled and milking machine.

Ensure Proper wiring to avoid damages and accident in the unit.

Workshop unit.
The workshop unit is located at the farm center and they are involved with different activities on the farm such as carpentry , repair of machines, pre planting operations, electrical works on the farm, plumbing works on the farm etc.
Daily management
Cleaning of machines immediately after use.
Thorough check of wires to prevent damages due to short circuiting
Prevention of oils from getting to the floor of the unit in order to prevent accidents.


Occasional
Oiling the machinery
Servicing the machinery

Soil science unit
The soil science unit is located at the farm center beside the crop science unit. They are involved with the production of compost and manure for crop propagation
Daily management practices are;
★ Turning of compost and checking temperature of the compost
Keeping records of the inflow and outflow of Fertilizers.
Occasional management practices are;

The production of organic manure serve as alternative for fertilizer (which is not healthy) that can be incorporated into the soil before planting. It can also be sold out to farmers which in turn generate income

Crop Science
It is located at the farm center of the farm. The primary role of the unit is for research and the major crops researched in this unit is Cassava.
Daily management practices;
★ Checking for pest and diseases invasion
Occasional management practices are;
★ Application of herbicides to control diseases and fertilizer to aid growth
★ Harvesting of matured cassava
★ Selling/ marketing of harvested cassava tuber
Functions
It helps in production of new varieties in large amounts which are been sold to generate income to the farm.

Grain and Tuber unit.
This unit is located at the back of the poultry unit. The function of the unit is educating and planting of Grain and tuber crops and the major crop specialized with in this unit is Cassava.Crop Science
It is located at the farm center of the farm. The primary role of the unit is for research and the major crops researched in this unit is Cassava.
Daily management practices;
★ Checking for pest and diseases invasion
Occasional management practices are;
★ Application of herbicides to control diseases and fertilizer to aid growth
★ Harvesting of matured cassava
★ Selling/ marketing of harvested cassava tuber
Functions
It helps in production of new varieties in large amounts which are been sold to generate income to the farm.

Rabbitry unit
This unit is located at the back of the poultry unit. And the major role of the unit is rearing, researching of rabbits.

Daily management practices includes;
Feeding
Handling : Rabbit is a restless animal. It should be handled gently and carefully so that it is not frightened. Rabbit is generally lifted by grasping the loose skin of the neck region by one hand and placing the other hand below the hindquarter to support the weight. Rabbit should not be lifted by holding the ears. The ears may be grasped along with loose skin of the shoulder region if required.
Record keeping

Occasional practices.
Removal of manure
Identification
Removal of carcasses

Extension unit


This is located directly opposite the poultry units.
The function of this unit is for testing or examine new varieties of crop/plant gotten from researchers before been distributed to Farmers to plant. The plant that is majorly propagated at the unit is cassava.
Daily Management practices
★ Checking for diseases in plant
★ Keeping record of growth rates
Occasional management practices are;
★ Clearing or weeding of the cassava plot
★ Spraying of herbicides and fertilizer application
★ Harvesting of matured tuber
★ Sorting, packing and distribution of tuber stems among farmers
★ Visitation to farmers to educate about new varieties
Functions
All this practices aids in dissemination of information or innovation among farmers which helps in growth or development of Agriculture practices and help introduction of new technology to the farmers

Poultry unit.
The poultry is located after the swine unit and the housing system practiced is the intensive system.there are 5-6 pens which are used for different activities. Some are used in egg production,research purposes and broiler production and the pen at the end of the unit is used for brooding activities.
Daily management practices are;
★ Cleaning of pen and surroundings
★ Feeding of birds with concentrate feed
★ Checking the birds welfares
Eggs collection from the pen
★ Checking heat production in brooding pen
Water management
Litter management
★ Checking for dead or sick birds in brooding pen and removal of dead chicks
★ Keeping record of daily activities
Occasional management practices are;
★ Vaccination and medications on occasional bases
★ Flushing of litters in layers pen which can be done twice or once in a month
★ Changing of wood shavings in brooding pen
★ Evaluation of laying birds
★ Culling of unproductive birds

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Despite successful development of single traits such as enhanced provitamin A, multigenic strategies are required to simultaneously address the nutritional, agronomic and postharvest storage limitations of cassava in a single variety. Combining multiple trait genes by conventional breeding in cassava is difficult because of high level of heterozygosity. In addition, desired traits, such as elevated iron and zinc accumulation in the storage roots, are not present within cassava germplasm. As such, a biotechnological approach for combining or ‘stacking’ beneficial trait genes was explored as a component of the BioCassava Plus program (Sayre et al., 2011). A cornerstone of BioCassava Plus was the development of provitamin A‐rich cassava, not only to meet the nutritional needs of populations that depend upon this crop as a primary food source, but also to improve agronomic performance and shelf life of harvested storage roots.

Paging

VAD can be addressed in part by increasing the content of particular forms of carotenoids in the edible portion of crops that are consumed in areas affected by this nutritional problem. Carotenoids including α‐, β‐ and γ‐carotenes and β‐cryptoxanthin possessing β‐ionone rings can be converted by the body into vitamin A retinol, and thus often termed provitamin A (Grune et al., 2010; Yeum and Russell, 2002). Retinol is a component of rhodopsin, an essential protein for light perception by the eye (Zhong et al., 2012). Of the different carotenoids, the all‐trans‐form of β‐carotene is converted to retinol in the highest proportions and, thus, is the most nutritionally efficacious provitamin A form and the preferred target of biofortification efforts (Britton et al., 1998; Mayne, 1996). Cassava germplasm with elevated β‐carotene content has been identified and is currently being developed using conventional breeding strategies to address VAD in SSA (Njoku et al., 2014).

Page 4


Maize is the third most important cereal food in the world, and is a staple food for more than one billion people in Sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America. It is high in carbohydrates but lacks essential micronutrients such as vitamin A. Maize exhibits tremendous genetic diversity, and there are many types with high levels of beta-carotene, a naturally occurring plant pigment that is converted by the body into vitamin A when the maize is eaten. This genetic diversity has been used to conventionally breed new varieties of maize that are high-yielding and also rich in vitamin A. H

Page 3


ProVA maize breeding is an excellent example of the effective use of both adapted and exotic genetic resources in crop improvement. Breeders found a wide range of levels of proVA carotenoids in temperate, tropical and subtropical germplasm during the initial screening studies (Ortiz-Monasterio et al. 2007; Menkir et al. 2008).
Most yellow maize grown and consumed throughout the world has on average only 2 µg/g proVA carotenoids. Tropical maize contains less beta-carotene than temperate maize, so the initial breeding sources of high proVA carotenoids were selected from temperate regions (Pixley et al. 2013; Menkir et al. 2017).

Page 2



Maize provides approximately 30% of the total calories of more than 4.5 billion people in developing countries, and is the most widely eaten food staple in Africa. Poor quality diets, dominated by food staples, are often deficient in minerals and vitamins, but maize can provide sufficient quantities of Provitamin A (proVA), which the body converts to Vitamin A.
Maize can grow in diverse environments and has a high potential to be bred to provide productive cultivars that are attractive to farmers and consumers, including for their nutritional properties.

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