₦airaland Forum

oh. it was no longer in recession in Jonathan adminstration as earlier claimed? amechi claimed former finance minister begged him to hide it.

while the current finance minister said recession is just a word.

the social media that brought you and buhari to power will also flush you guys out.

this idio.t should be the first to charge to court. karma can never forget history. remember this guy was named the social media President of propaganda? afojan was following him at that time.

ollah1:
Being a racist, bigot or tribalist is a pretty bad thing. In your mind and others like you, Muslims is the problem of the world. Have you ever addressed the problems caused by Christian nations? In an attempt to out Gaddafi and Hussein, they ruined Libya, Iraq,Afghanistan. In an attempt to oust Assad, they have also ruined Syria.

Why are so blind to this? Isreal won't be ceased to exist if not for Palestinians. They offered Isreal a small portion of land while the rest of the world turned a blind eye. The same Isreal has been expanding that land while killing off thier host.


Quit been sentimental and put ur brain to work





1

its because your fucking Muslim leaders refuse to step outside.

the son of an afojan

jamislaw:
stop masturbating Trump don't have time for you beafraud because you guys are grug dealers and Trump hate that.

Trump is going to make new Allies.

a whole jammeh was sent on exile? to the evil forest and never to be seen again.

on behalf of kingofcasting let me do justice to jammeh kindly choose one.


1, jammeh backhanded and brutalized by the ever powerful ECOWAS with joy. smashed by the hammer of failure and thrown into the pit of doom. never to be seen again.

or

2, jammeh sliced and mutilated by the scissors of terror. swept away and thrown into the waste land of failure. never to be seen again.

or

3, jammeh burnt and roasted by the flames of horror and finally blown away by the wind of shame. never to be seen again.

or

4, jammeh struck by lightening and washed away into the ocean of misery. swallowed by the great whale and never to be seen again.

or

5, jammeh kicked out by ECOWAS forces, massacred and tossed into the forest of abomination, and devoured by the scavengers of lamentation. never to be seen again.

or

6, jammeh hours and energy used in forecasting the outcome wasted!! jammeh stamped upon by elephant and trampled by the buffalo of misery, flicked into the air and swatted into the wilderness of slavery never to be seen again.

or

7, jammeh pummeled and obliterated by the rock of sorrows. tossed in the air and booted into the valley of misery. never to be seen again.

SS WILL FORM ALLIANCE WITH SE.

its better we break together and then apart our ways SS & SE cant stay as one.

I think we Are tired of this country called Nigeria. it's just not working for us.

Trump is trying to isolate America and planning allies with Russia and isreal. countries like Britain, Germany, France, China, southern Americas & Muslim nation are already shivering. this is the new world order. do as I saw. eliminating all extremist Muslims to bring peace to mother earth. Muslims would have done the same if they are the world power. example in Nigeria. e.g the Fulani Muslims killing Christians in Nigeria since buhari became president and the President is not doing anything...


just imagine if buhari is in charge of the over 35 thousands nuclear warhead code box in America which trump is now in possession of. the fulani would have given praise to Allah and roasted all the Biafra, afonja, Niger Delta Christan and claim all their land and kidnap the women to sex slaves.. the Isis would also attacked the world and bombed isreal all nations.


to scare you further trump want to dissolved UN so he can freely dictate the affairs of America without foreign interference and the world at large, he will not concede defect if he lost and with Russia as standby allies and Israel by his side the Europe and Muslim countries are in trouble. he will freely bombed any Islamic nation that dea him. or any country that challenge him. another Hitler is here a new era and Muslim nation is already afraid.

ISIS and boko haram, herdsmen will be a thing of the past. and I see more countries building more nuclear in this new era. no more climates change funding as trump don't care and America is first.


God bless America and God bless Christians and Jews. a transition to a new peaceful world. an era for common sense.

If this is play. please stop it. I can't fit laugh.

Trump is trying to isolate America and planning allies with Russia and isreal. countries like Britain, Germany, France, China, southern Americas & Muslim nation are already shivering. this is the new world order. do as I saw. eliminating all extremist Muslims to bring peace to mother earth. Muslims would have done the same if they are the world power. example in Nigeria. e.g the Fulani Muslims killing Christians in Nigeria since buhari became president and the President is not doing anything...


just imagine if buhari is in charge of the over 35 thousands nuclear warhead code box in America which trump is now in possession of. the fulani would have given praise to Allah and roasted all the Biafra, afonja, Niger Delta Christan and claim all their land and kidnap the women to sex slaves.. the Isis would also attacked the world and bombed isreal all nations.


to scare you further trump want to dissolved UN so he can freely dictate the affairs of America without foreign interference and the world at large, he will not concede defect if he lost and with Russia as standby allies and Israel by his side the Europe and Muslim countries are in trouble. he will freely bombed any Islamic nation that dea him. or any country that challenge him. another Hitler is here a new era and Muslim nation is already afraid.

ISIS and boko haram, herdsmen will be a thing of the past. and I see more countries building more nuclear in this new era. no more climates change funding as trump don't care and America is first.


God bless America and God bless Christians and Jews. a transition to a new peaceful world. an era common sense.

Trump is trying to isolate America and planning allies with Russia and isreal. countries like Britain, Germany, France, China, southern Americas & Muslim nation are already shivering. this is the new world order. do as I saw. eliminating all extremist Muslims to bring peace to mother earth. Muslims would have done the same if they are the world power. example in Nigeria. e.g the Fulani Muslims killing Christians in Nigeria since buhari became president and the President is not doing anything...


just imagine if buhari is in charge of the over 35 thousands nuclear warhead code box in America which trump is now in possession of. the fulani would have given praise to Allah and roasted all the Biafra, afonja, Niger Delta Christan and claim all their land and kidnap the women to sex slaves.. the Isis would also attacked the world and bombed isreal all nations.


to scare you further trump want to dissolved UN so he can freely dictate the affairs of America without foreign interference and the world at large, he will not concede defect if he lost and with Russia as standby allies and Israel by his side the Europe and Muslim countries are in trouble. he will freely bombed any Islamic nation that dea him. or any country that challenge him. another Hitler is here a new era and Muslim nation is already afraid.

ISIS and boko haram, herdsmen will be a thing of the past. and I see more countries building more nuclear in this new era. no more climates change funding as trump don't care and America is first.


God bless America and God bless Christians and Jews. a transition to a new peaceful world. an era common sense.

so Obama former followers would be removed?

on my to bet shop.
3DLCCL5
you might wat to give it a try.

lalasticlala, seun. fp

I stand to be corrected. and generally speaking the fact we look the same. having the same human body features don't really make us the same in terms of sound mind and intellectually.

its the same thing that apply to dogs. there are so many breeds of dogs that is very dumb while some are very highly intelligent. that's the same logic with humans breeds. the back human breed is the lowest and less intelligent of all human breeds with ugly skin and funny facial features with a dumb brain.

it has been proven everywhere in the world, any nation you find black people there you have it, poverty and deceases even with the black nations or community in america, they are good in blaming others for their woes and failures.


as the saying goes. no nation is poor but we only have low intelligent and poor minds. natural resource don't make a country rich or superior. what make world powers who they are today is intelligence and their mindset.

the blacks are good at killing and destroying

“Putin’s wish list”


There is only country that benefits from all
of these moves: Vladimir Putin’s Russia.
Putin’s fundamental foreign policy goal is
to restore Russia’s place as one of the
world’s most powerful and influential
nations. To do so, he wants to restore
global politics to the way it was in the 19th
century — when European countries saw
each other as rivals rather than partners.


This kind of “balance of power” world order
would allow Russia to divide European
powers by forming selective partnerships
with some against the others — thus
restoring Russian greatness.


Putin’s Russia is too weak, in political and
military terms, to accomplish this on its
own. The logical endpoint of Trump’s
stated policies, regardless of whether that’s
what he intends, is a fractured Europe that
would be far less capable of standing up to
Putin.


“Every [foreign policy] position Trump
takes, starting from total ignorance around
[a] year ago, is on Putin's wish list,” Garry
Kasparov , the Russian chess master and
dissident, tweets. “Brexit, Ukraine, NATO,
EU, Merkel.”


Trump’s stated policy ideas, if
implemented, would have the effect of
accomplishing much of what Putin has
dreamed of but that the Russian leader
may have never have thought possible.
Now, with Trump taking office in a few
days, it all seems very frighteningly real.


Trump is proposing isolating America from
its allies, and isolating these allies from
each other. The only power that benefits is
Russia, perhaps America’s most significant
strategic rival. There is a country that
Trump may soon make great again. The
problem is that it’s not the US.


www.vox.com/world/2017/1/16/14285232/trump-eu-nato-interview

Trump would be perfectly happy if the EU crumbled


That’s the military component, the first leg of the world order’s tripod. Trump’s comments on the European Union — one of the cornerstone international institutions of the postwar order — are even more startling. Trump actively predicted that the EU would fall apart, and suggested that the US wouldn’t really care if it did. “The EU was formed, partially, to beat the United States on trade, OK?” he asked rhetorically. “I don’t really care whether it’s separate or together.”

Here you see Trump’s basic mindset at work — the world is a series of zero-sum trade-offs. If the EU serves European countries well, economically, then it must be bad for the United States. Hence he won’t try, as President Obama has, to use US influence to prevent more countries from leaving the European Union. Trump’s view is wrong on the economics. But perhaps more scarily, it’s ignorant of the politics.

See, the European Union was designed as much more than a free trading bloc. Its architects designed it, very explicitly, as a way of unifying Europe politically. The closer Europeans are economically, and the more a sense of a shared European identity there is, the less likely that France and Germany, say, are to see each other as military threats.

This, in fact, has worked. Europe is what scholars Barry Buzan and Ole Waever call a "security community," a place where countries "stop treating each other as security problems and start behaving as friends." That is directly tied to European integration, which established a set of postwar institutions that make international disputes more like normal politics. The Europeans take their problems to each other and their shared institutions, such as the European Commission and Parliament.

Because they spent the immediate postwar years forcing themselves to take to those institutions, Europeans proved that they can work, and thus made them far more appealing options than conflict. Europeans' fundamental beliefs about how European states should treat each other has transformed with the EU's institutions.

After the Euro and refugee crises, the rise of anti-EU far-right parties, and Brexit, this pacifying institution is facing unprecedented threats. Now Trump is signaling that he won’t wield the US’s peerless influence to try to ward off said threats. That’s strike two against the world order.

Strike three is Trump’s plan to attack the German auto industry. In the interview, Trump proposes to slap a 35 percent tax on BMW imports to the United States as a form of retaliation for building a plant in Mexico.

“I would tell BMW if they think they’re gonna build a plant in Mexico and sell cars into the US without a 35 per cent tax, it’s not gonna happen,” he says. “What I’m saying is they have to build their plant in the US.”

Here you see Trump replaying a domestic policy move of his — bullying specific companies into putting more manufacturing plants in the United States by threatening economic problems if they don’t comply.

But BMW isn’t an American company; it’s a German one. If the United States slaps this kind of tariff on a German company, Germany will likely retaliate against the United States. This is the early stages of what economists call a “trade war” — where countries make trading with each other harder to punish one side’s protectionism.

This, too, is an assault on the postwar order. Trade, like the EU, has both an economic and a political function. Its political function is to bind Western countries together, to align their interests and prevent trade wars that would slow down growth globally. By attacking a key company in one of America’s most important allies, Trump risks not only damaging the US economy but also alienating a critical partner in managing the global economy and keeping trade open.

Military, political, economic — this interview is a blueprint for war on the international order.

The allied West — and how Trump is already weakening it

After World War II, the United States and its allies attempted to create a new world — one defined by rules and order, in which such a devastating war could never happen again.

A Western alliance, NATO, was designed to deter Soviet aggression. International institutions, like the United Nations, were set up to allow countries to resolve differences peacefully. Global financial institutions, like the General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs (which would become the World Trade Organization), were designed to prevent countries from reimposing the self-defeating trade barriers that made the Great Depression far worse than it had to be.

For the past 70 years, these institutions have worked astonishingly well. In his joint interview with the Times of London and German’s Bild newspaper, Trump basically takes aim at all three pillars of those systems: military, political, and economic.

Start with NATO. In the interview, Trump reiterated his claim, first made during the campaign, that NATO was obsolete because it didn’t pay enough attention to terrorism and because other members didn’t pay enough to fund it. He claimed that he’d been proven right.

“I took such heat, when I said NATO was obsolete,” Trump says. “And then they started saying Trump is right.”

That’s not when European leaders have been saying in the immediate aftermath of Trump’s speech. Speaking to reporters in Brussels before a meeting of top EU diplomats, German Foreign Minister Frank- Walter Steinmeier said the comments had caused "astonishment and agitation" within the military alliance.

That’s because NATO works through commitment: Members pledge that an attack on one will be treated as an attack on all. As Trump calls the value of the alliance into question, other states might question whether he would actually defend a NATO ally if attacked — especially since, during the campaign, he said he might not. If countries don’t believe in that promise, then it stops serving as a deterrent — potentially encouraging Russia to menace a NATO member state.

“The United States president-elect is actively working to increase the risk of military escalation and war in Europe,” Thomas Rid , a professor at King’s College London’s Department of War Studies, tweeted in response to the interview.

Donald Trump just lobbed a grenade into the normally staid world of European- American diplomacy, using a joint interview with two of Europe’s biggest newspapers to call NATO “obsolete,” predict that the European Union would fall apart and announce that the US wouldn’t really care if it did, and threaten to potentially start a trade war with Germany over BMW’s plans to build a manufacturing plant in Mexico. For good measure, Trump also criticized German Chancellor Angela Merkel, one of Washington’s closest allies, while hinting that he’d be willing to lift the sanctions imposed on Russian President Vladimir Putin, who has rattled many in Europe by annexing Ukraine’s Crimean Peninsula and threatening to use force against other of his neighbors.

Merkel, Trump said, had made a "catastrophic" mistake by allowing more than a million refugees into her country, a decision that has seriously dented her popularity at home. The president-elect also said hinted that he’d be willing to remove the sanctions on Russia if Putin agreed to reduce his nuclear stockpile (which is almost literally the opposite of what the Russian leader has been talking about).

"They have sanctions against Russia — let's see if we can strike a few good deals with Russia,” Trump said in the joint interview. “I think there should be less nuclear weapons and they have to be reduced significantly, that's part of it.” The remarks forced Secretary of State John Kerry to spend one of his last days as America’s top diplomat repairing the damage that Trump has done before even taking the oath of office. In an interview with CNN, Kerry said it was "inappropriate" for Trump to "be stepping in to the politics of other countries in a quite direct manner."

Kerry is right to be worried. Bashing NATO and the European Union, and alienating Germany, is a plan for tearing apart US relations with the EU — for weakening the agreements that underpin America’s status as the world’s sole superpower and that maintain peace on the European continent.

It also means that Trump is talking about radically reshaping US foreign policy in a way that would significantly boost Putin’s influence while leaving America’s allies scrambling to figure out where they stand and how much they can trust in the future stability of an international system that has brought unprecedented economic strength and stability to the continent for decades.
“What Trump proposes is [American] geopolitical suicide,” Daniel Nexon, a professor at Georgetown University who studies great power politics, writes at the Lawyers, Guns, and Money blog. “Make no mistake: you should be very worried right now.”

LONDON — If the credo of the new U . S. president is “America first ,” as Donald Trump emphatically declared Friday in his strikingly nationalistic inaugural address , then where does that leave the rest of the world ? That is what people around the globe — from Latin America to the Middle East to Asia — were left to wonder after watching Trump use the opening minutes of his presidency to double down on campaign pledges to end what he sees as misguided efforts to help other countries at the expense of U .S . interests. After more than 70 years of vigorous political, diplomatic , economic and military engagement to promote Pax Americana , Trump’s words suggested to international observers a far more isolationist and protectionist path ahead. “ If he follows through — and people have to come to terms with the fact he may well do what he says he’ s going to do — then it ’ s the end of the post- World War II , post -Cold War order and the beginning of a new phase ,” said Ian Kearns , co - founder of the London- based European Leadership Network . But that phase, Kearns said, may be far rockier for the United States than Trump suggests . “ If you ’re just out to defend your interests, ” he said, “ then others will do the same.” Within minutes of Trump’s speech Friday, others were already having their say. Although world leaders showered Trump with a cascade of politely worded tweets and congratulatory messages, the mood on the streets in many world cities was far more unsettled on the day that Trump became U . S. commander in chief. In London , hundreds of people gathered in the evening chill to chant “ Dump Trump!” outside the U .S . Embassy. In Mexico City, residents took to social networks to debate not whether Trump was good or bad but how grave the new era might be. And in Beirut , observers compared Trump’s speech to those by their region ’s past and present despots. There was also praise . Many Russians rejoiced , as did anti -European Union populists and Israeli officials . The world ’s divided response mirrored the one in the United States — defiance and despair in some quarters, enthusiasm and optimism in others , and profound polarization as far as the eye can see . But perhaps not surprisingly for a president who came to office on a wave of insults hurled across national borders, the world’ s protests were more pronounced than its victory parties. Mexicans awoke Friday to the realization of what many consider a political nightmare — the inauguration of an American president who has taken aim at their economy, their migrants and their shared border. Literary critic Christopher Domínguez Michael published an op -ed in El Universal simply called , “The saddest day. ” Another columnist in El Universal , Carlos Heredia Zubieta, wrote : “ We are immersed in a cultural war. For the first time in decades , the affront unites Mexicans of all social classes. ” Trump’ s address — more scripted than his campaign speeches but no less bombastic — left many around the world in open -mouthed wonder . “ I listened to Trump’s inauguration speech dubbed on an Arabic channel — it could easily have been Saddam , Assad or Sisi, ” tweeted Mohamad Bazzi , a professor of journalism at New York University who is in Beirut , referring to the late ruler of Iraq and the current presidents of Syria and Egypt. Nathalie Klüver, a Twitter user from the northern German city of Lübeck, appeared to echo the thoughts of many Germans when she tweeted , “If a German chancellor said at an # inauguration that he wants to make Germany great again — that ’s unimaginable .” Demonstrations spanned the globe and were generally small but spirited . [ Live updates on the inauguration of Donald Trump ] After dark in London — as Trump finished speaking — hundreds of placard- bearing protesters massed at the U .S . Embassy to vigorously chant their dismay . “ It ’s cold . It ’s dark . I’ d rather be at home in the warm . But I ’m here because I ’m only an ordinary person, and I’ m frightened ,” said 65- year -old retiree Stephanie Clark, mentioning nuclear weapons and climate change as particular areas of concern . “ I’ m frightened of what Donald Trump and his administration can do .” There was an edgier tone to protests in the Philippine capital of Manila, where protesters burned an American flag and called on President Rodrigo Duterte to distance himself from Trump. Marches were also staged in the West Bank city of Nablus, where hundreds of residents paraded Palestinian flags and voiced concern with Trump’ s seeming shift toward Israel, including his promise to move the U . S. Embassy to Jerusalem. “ He ’s not a man of peace ,” said 53 -year - old Moussa al-Bitouni , who watched as the inauguration was broadcast live in a smoky East Jerusalem cafe . “ He doesn ’t want to take the path of peace or talk about peace .” The mood was very different in Israeli settlements , where Trump’ s ascension to the highest U . S . office was greeted with relief and hopeful expectation. A delegation of settler leaders was in Washington to attend the inauguration as VIP guests, their presence representing a striking turnabout : For decades , U . S . presidents — Democrat and Republican — have been highly critical of settlement building. Trump, by contrast, has appointed a vocal advocate and fundraiser for the settlements as his ambassador to Israel. “ Congrats to my friend President Trump,” tweeted Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu . “Look fwd to working closely with you to make the alliance between Israel & USA stronger than ever . ” In another sign of the changed geopolitical landscape, anti- E. U . leaders were also welcomed at the inauguration. Nigel Farage, who helped lead the campaign for Britain’ s E .U . exit, was in Washington as an honored guest and hosted a pre-inauguration party Thursday night . Trump has said he is indifferent to the E . U .’s fate , unlike his recent predecessors, who have been staunch backers of European integration . “ The old order wasn’t working, ” Farage said on a broadcast for the British radio station LBC. “ I think it ’ s going to be great. I think it ’s going to be huge . I wish [ Trump] well. ” Far- right French politician Marine Le Pen — leading some polls in the French presidential race due in the spring — was similarly exuberant , declaring that Trump’ s election had opened “ a new era in the cooperation between nations .” The response among Europe’ s establishment was less sympathetic. “ Hostile inauguration speech,” former Belgian prime minister Guy Verhofstadt wrote on Twitter . “We can’t sit around & hope for US support & cooperation . Europe must take its destiny & security in its own hands .” Many European leaders offered perfunctory notes of congratulations . Some appeared to be trying to will Trump to behave like a conventional U .S . president . “ With great power comes great responsibility ,” Lithuanian President Dalia Grybauskaite wrote in Twitter . “ Confident in global leadership of the USA ! Congratulations @realDonaldTrump !” There was also apprehension in China — though the government was being careful with its response . China ’s foreign ministry has generally maintained an outward appearance of calm in the run- up to Trump’ s inauguration, mostly declining to rise to the bait after some of Trump’s most strident tweets . Behind the scenes , though , diplomats in Beijing say the government is very nervous about the prospect of a Trump administration. [ China warns state media : Be nice to Donald Trump , or else ] The English- language China Daily newspaper said it hoped Trump could display “ more statesmanship ” after his inauguration but warned that he was “ playing with fire” in trying to open the one- China question. “ If Trump is determined to use this gambit on taking office , a period of fierce , damaging interactions will be unavoidable , as Beijing will have no choice but to take off the gloves ,” it wrote in an editorial. China ’s censors recently ordered the nation’ s media not to indulge in unauthorized criticism of Trump , according to China Digital Times, a website that tracks censorship directives . In Moscow , Trump was toasted with champagne at an upscale party stocked with politicians, analysts, activists and journalists . The applause was warm when Trump took the oath . “ It ’s going to be a lot of action , drive, excitement ,” said Dmitry Nosov , a sturdily built former Olympian and former member of the Russian parliament who wore a gray - checked blazer with a bear pin. “ Not dull like it has been .” Karla Adam in London ; Annie Gowen in Jaipur , India; James McAuley in Paris; Liz Sly in Beirut ; Ruth Eglash and Loveday Morris in Jerusalem ; Stephanie Kirchner in Berlin ; Simon Denyer in Beijing; Joshua Partlow in Mexico City; and Andrew Roth in Moscow contributed to this report .

MUTUALLY ASSURED DESTRUCTION CAN’T FULLY EXPLAIN WHY NO ONE IS USING THEIR NUKES


That’s where the nuclear taboo comes in. It
lumps nuclear, chemical, and biological
weapons into a category of weapons of
mass destruction that are unusable
precisely because they’re so powerful and
hard to control, says Tannenwald, author of
The Nuclear Taboo: The United States and the
Non-Use of Nuclear Weapons Since 1945 .


The taboo stems from the wreckage of the
atomic bombs the US dropped on Japan
during World War II. We still don’t know
how many people were killed by the first
blasts, probably between 150,000 and
250,000 in total . The death toll continued
to rise over the next five years to nearly
350,000 people , with many dying of cancers
from the radioactive fallout.


A US sailor took this photo of Hiroshima
after the bomb.


During his recent visit to Japan, President
Obama called Hiroshima “ the start of our
own moral awakening.” That moral
awakening has kept nations like the US
from using nukes even as they stockpiled
them, Tannenwald argues. The taboo casts
nuclear weapons as untouchable,
stigmatized tools that only a barbarian
would use — shaping public opinion as well
as world leaders’ personal conviction. After
the bombing of Nagasaki, President Harry
Truman reportedly called off any more
nuclear attacks, saying, “The thought of
wiping out another 100,000 people was too
horrible.”


“Taboo” is too strong a word to describe
how we feel about using nuclear weapons,
argues T.V. Paul. Taboos prohibit things
like cannibalism, he says. Cannibalism is
so unthinkable that most people would
never even consider it, let alone plan for
how and when they’d do it. But the US
government does have a plan to launch its
nuclear weapons. That makes it more of a
tradition, Paul says, possibly along the
lines of avoiding mass killings of civilians
during war. And traditions are easier to
break, even though doing so would damage
the country’s international reputation.


“AS SOON AS YOU THINK NUCLEAR WEAPON, YOU’RE THINKING ARMAGEDDON.”


Regardless of whether it’s mutually assured
destruction, taboo, or tradition — each of
these deterrents stems from the same
underlying anxiety about using nuclear
weapons, Sauer argues. “In terms of fiction,
we’ve destroyed ourselves with nuclear war
1000 times over,” he says. “We’re sort of
obsessed with this. Try it in your head — as
soon as you think nuclear weapon, you’re
thinking armageddon.” The prospect of
MAD harnesses and amplifies that anxiety.
But the taboo is a way to avoid the anxiety,
Sauer says — like, “I don’t even want to
touch these things.”


Still, cultural norms and individual
psychology are flimsy barriers to using
world-destroying weapons, writes Victor
Gilinsky , a physicist and former head of the
US Nuclear Regulatory Commission. And
they could grow weaker as memories of
nuclear blasts fade. “It was a much more
tangible thing years ago,” says Gilinsky,
who recalls diving under his desk during
bomb drills at school. “When you say you’ll
explode a bomb here, explode a bomb there
— it’s not a game of checkers.”


And anything that depends so much one
person’s judgement is also vulnerable to
that person’s ego. At some level, Gilinsky
argues, anyone who’s worked on or with
nuclear weapons wants to see the effort
pay off. When the atomic bomb exploded
on Hiroshima, the Los Alamos scientists
cheered , Gilinsky recounted in a 2006
speech. Not because of the fatalities, but
because their work was a success. “You’ve
got these people who are constantly
training,” he told The Verge. “They want it
to be important. And for it to be important,
the possibility of nuclear war has to be
important.”


That ego doesn’t just show up as
professional pride, either, Gilinsky writes in
a recent article . A “cult of toughness” at
the top levels of the US government could
also tip the balance towards using nuclear
weapons when it’s necessary in order to
save face.


THIS KIND OF SABER RATTLING COULD DRIVE MORE NATIONS TO ARM THEMSELVES

This doesn’t mean that President Donald
Trump will suddenly launch a nuclear
warhead and unleash nuclear armageddon.
After all, a US president is unlikely to
violate a long-standing taboo that the US
so clearly benefits from, Wellerstein told
The Verge. Densely populated cities, easy-
to-locate military targets, and vulnerable
infrastructure makes the US an especially
exposed nuclear target if nukes suddenly
became acceptable weapons to use.


But the thing about Trump’s tough nuclear
talk is that even if he’s bluffing, this kind
of saber rattling could drive more nations
to arm themselves with nuclear weapons.


Even in Germany, people were unsettled
when Trump talked about withdrawing
military support from NATO countries. The
editor of the conservative German
newspaper Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung
wrote an op-ed speculating that Germany
should build its own nuclear arsenal.


If the president wants to ensure a stable
and secure Europe and Asia, he’ll need to
dial back the off-the-cuff nuclear remarks.
“The traditions, the taboos, the deterrences
... are all about constantly reiterating and
saying we’re not doing that, this is wrong,
this is right,” Sauer says. “If you undercut
all of this, in a couple of not-very-carefully
thought through moves, you’ll do quite a
lot of damage that will take awhile to
repair.”

Despite a few close calls, nuclear warheads haven’t been used in armed conflict for more than 70 years. But there’s controversy over the reason why. Robert McNamara , the US secretary of defense during the Cuban Missile Crisis, put it down to pure luck .

But Nina Tannenwald, director of international relations at Brown University, argues that a taboo gradually emerged from the nuclear devastation of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. This taboo created the shared expectation that using nuclear weapons again would be deeply, morally wrong. International relations professor and author of The Tradition of Non-Use of Nuclear Weapons , T.V. Paul disagrees, arguing that it’s not a taboo but a tradition that’s driven by social and political pressures.

And underlying both of these explanations is humankind’s deep-seated fear of going extinct, Sauer says.

While mutually assured destruction — the notion that any country launching nukes would likely also be destroyed by nukes — gets the most ink in terms of deterrence, these cultural and psychological deterrents play powerful roles.

The plume of smoke from the fires that tore through Hiroshima after the US dropped the atomic bomb.

Let’s be very clear: the president alone controls the nukes. There aren’t more checks and balances because our nuclear chain of command was built to speedily deliver mutually assured destruction . In fact, the only real check on the president’s nuclear authority is the election, writes nuclear history professor Alex Wellerstein in a recent blog post . “[D]on’t elect people you don’t trust with the unilateral authority to use nuclear weapons.”

That’s because if the US is attacked, time is precious: early warning teams only have three minutes to determine whether warnings of a missile attack are real. If it looks legitimate enough to take to the president, the president then has less than 12 minutes to open the nuclear briefcase (or “football”), review his tactical options, and authorize a nuclear strike. Or at least, 12 minutes is how long the White House has if a submarine deployed in the Western Atlantic were to fire on DC; if Russia were to launch a nuke from within its borders, there’s maybe 18 additional minutes to react. If the president hesitates, a nuke could hit the White House before the US has a chance to launch a counterstrike. Still, many experts agree that mutually assured destruction can’t fully explain why no one is using their nukes. After all, the US didn’t use nuclear weapons against Iraq in the 1991 Gulf War, even though Iraq didn’t have any nuclear weapons to retaliate with.
This woman received radiation burns in the same pattern as the darker patches on her kimono.
International law isn’t a great deterrent, either. True, the United Nations Charter does ban military force except in self defense , and using nukes could possibly constitute a war crime. The Nuclear Non- Proliferation Treaty of 1968 implicitly bans the five so-called nuclear weapon states — the US, the UK, Russia, France, and China — from attacking a non-nuclear party to the treaty. But even so, in 1996, the UN’s judicial branch ruled that it’s not illegal to use nukes to ward off an existential threat. It’s just not really legal, either.
Other nations do a better job at checking their leaders’ nuclear strength. China and India both pledged to not use nuclear weapons in a first strike. (India changed their policy in 2003 to let them retaliate with nukes against a chemical or biological weapons attack.) Russia walked back their own no-first-use policy in the 1990s, and the US doesn’t have one.

Now that Donald Trump is officially the president of the United States, he is in complete control of America’s nuclear arsenal. Should he decide to start a nuclear war, there are no legal safeguards to stop him. Instead, a much less tangible web of norms, taboos, and fears has reined in US presidents since World War II. But as North Korea escalates its nuclear weapons tests, Russia promises to strengthen its nuclear forces , and the new President of the United States has openly tweeted that the US must “strengthen and expand its nuclear capability,” experts worry that this fragile web could start to tear.

LET’S BE VERY CLEAR: THE PRESIDENT ALONE CONTROLS THE NUKES


Trump’s position on nukes has been murky, at best. In the last few weeks, he jumped from advocating for an arms race, to implying that the US and Russia might work together to reduce nuclear proliferation.
In fact, during his campaign, he called nuclear proliferation the “biggest problem ” in the world. But then he also said that Japan and South Korea might want to get nukes of their own. He wouldn’t take nuking ISIS, or even Europe, off the table. But he’s also characterized himself as “ highly, highly, highly, highly unlikely” to ever use nuclear weapons. This calculated ambiguity isn’t unusual for America’s presidents. Presidents Bill Clinton and George W. Bush left nuclear first strikes on the table, too.
But for a US president to talk so openly and frequently about using nuclear force is a clear break with history, says Frank Sauer, an international security researcher at the Bundeswehr University Munich and author of the book Atomic Anxiety: Deterrence, Taboo and the Non-Use of U.S. Nuclear Weapons . And it could be potently destabilizing in a world where nations’ nuclear doctrines are shaped more by posture than by policy.

another wasted sperm calling the names of is brothers from the wasted continent that should have been used as storage wastes by civilized and developed countries.

...and its coming from the jet they newly acquired from Russia. at a time we are warning the international community not to sell jets to this government. Russia should be held responsible for this disaster.


I have been saying it. the military have been killing farmers and hunters in the name of killing boko haram.

those airstrike display they normally shows on national TV 70% are innocent victims. this as proven my correctness.

bqlekan:
This is serious. Even palm trees are not exempted. May Allah bring blessings to this country..

we do not need Allah to bring blessings to this country. rather tell your Allah to bring blessings to the poor Muslim IDP camps. sure they need his blessings.


but we from south south don't need it. he can keep it to himself.

a whole jammeh was sent on exile? to the evil forest and never to be seen again.

on behalf of kingofcasting let me do justice to jammeh kindly choose one.


1, jammeh backhanded and brutalized by the ever powerful ECOWAS with joy. smashed by the hammer of failure and thrown into the pit of doom. never to be seen again.

or

2, jammeh sliced and mutilated by the scissors of terror. swept away and thrown into the waste land of failure. never to be seen again.

or

3, jammeh burnt and roasted by the flames of horror and finally blown away by the wind of shame. never to be seen again.

or

4, jammeh struck by lightening and washed away into the ocean of misery. swallowed by the great whale and never to be seen again.

or

5, jammeh kicked out by ECOWAS forces, massacred and tossed into the forest of abomination, and devoured by the scavengers of lamentation. never to be seen again.

or

6, jammeh hours and energy used in forecasting the outcome wasted!! jammeh stamped upon by elephant and trampled by the buffalo of misery, flicked into the air and swatted into the wilderness of slavery never to be seen again.

or

7, jammeh pummeled and obliterated by the rock of sorrows. tossed in the air and booted into the valley of misery. never to be seen again.

so the Americans have nukes over there , I never knew they possesses nuclear weapons.