₦airaland Forum

NOTES ON CONTACT BETWEEN THE IGALA AND THE IBO

Gerogel

Read below

They agree that Igala was the dominant between the two and Igala expanded down south to what is now considered Igbo land and dominated them. Gave them the Ibo language and whatever semblance of culture via Nri Kingdom

I quote facts


https://www.jstor.org/stable/41970820?read-now=1&refreqid=excelsior%3Ae503853b47a4f6c0a0545abf45045357&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

GerogeI:
I thought you were pretending to be a scholar. Your conjectures above shows you do not know the difference between your ethnic induced derogatory inflammation and intellectual facts.
Y-a-r-iba boy

You know by that Fulani name, everything you write here is just pure deceit and fallacy, it is in your blood.

So let me ask you. Are you a progeny of the Igbo Master race (Igala) or yours is a runaway Benin slave?

Osu man

Ndi Igbo = Those Slaves

StaffofOrayan:
Don't distract us from the fulani agenda

Run along. You this MAGA loving troll

Kobicove:
These so called security outfits will eventually metamorphose into ethnic militias!

Who is curbing the ethnic militias ravaging farms and killing people all in the excuse of herding cows?

Ardar:
Why are you guys trying to politely educate that yoloba op? leave the idiot to his in born hatred and stupidity.

That is how they go about spreading false info on igbos starting with their various media outlets and now on nairaland.

The obsession is real.

You don't have any history as a documented slave race

GerogeI:
No Igbo man is Igala by origin!
Igala is a much smaller ethnic group and cannot give rise to a group several times larger than they are.

On the lighter note, yesterday I was reading the Great travels and Travellers by Jules Verne, and actually saw the reference to the king of Yaariba, which obviously is Yoruba.

I had thought the Y-a-r-iba thing was a joke. No wonder you are so disgruntled.

Funny dude

- Northern Igbos (the highest caste) are Igalas by origin
- Obi of Onitsha, Eze Chima is Edo by origin (Royal caste)
- The rest are castaway slaves with no common origin but linked in petty trading (dreams of gala hawking didn't start overnight )
- Southern Igbos are really not fully assimilated. That's why they are still discriminated against till date e.g. Ebonyi
- Aro folks were not even considered Igbo till recently. They are also superior

Shiver99:
In any case, Igbos traditionally did wear less clothes than other muslim dominated tribes, often going topless. This was because the ancient Igbos were a highly intelligent people, and knew they couldn't thrive in their environment wearing 3 piece tuxedos or ballgowns. An understandable observation from a tribe with the oldest known signs of civilisation in Nigeria.

Many whites, knowing that if they wore the same clothing they did in their homelands in parts of Africa they would die of heatstroke (Which several of them did), and had to quickly adapt.

Only a product of the failed nigerian system, would think that wearing more clothes meant you were more civilised. Using that same logic, the vikings that often covered themselves in coarse animal fur were far superior to the ancient egyptians and indians, were men or women wore only slips or beads around their waist.

Tell your women to keep walking around naked then since your native intelligence stipulates nudity

OfoIgbo:
Yet again, your hatred for Igbos has made you blind to facts.

Eri was the father of quite a number of people, including Nri-Menri, Igbariam, Amanuke, Aguleri and Onoja who is the patriach of Igalas.
Up until a few decades ago, every prospective Attah of Igala sent gifts to Eze Nri, who in turn issued the Attah with an Ofo/Ovo (staff of office), without which, the Attah will not be recognized as an authentic Attah by Igalas.
Up till today, Igalas still make use of the 4 Nri market days which is generally used by Igbos and in Benin. These are deities owned by the Nris, and it was only Nri priests that could establish such markets throughout Igboland or in Igala or in Benin.

Nri-Menri was by far, the most popular and the most renowned, with the most effect on Igbo culture, of all of Eri's kids, which is why you hear of Nri people quite often.
Even Olaudah Equiano made several references to cultural practices emanating from Nri. When he was writing about his father being an Embrenche (Mgburu-ichi), he was inadvertently infusing Nri culture into his tale, as Mgburu-ichi is an aspect of Igbo custom that is owned by the Nris.
Mgburu-ichi and ozo title taking are parts and parcel of the Ikenga cult owned by the Nris, so his father subscribed to the Nri culture which was Igbo culture.
As I mentioned before, Nri people are bonafide Igbos, so maybe you can start telling everyone that Igalas and Bini people are Igbo slaves.

Remember that I am a core Nri man so I know deep aspects of Igbo culture and their significance. That's why the Igbo people of yore from every nook and cranny of Igboland came up with the time-tested sentences NRI JI OFO and NRI BU ISI IGBO.
Nri culture is Igbo culture so every achievement of Nri people is an achievement by Igbo people, and any Igboman can claim it. Don't try and play your usual divide and conquer politics in this situation. Nri people are much smarter than that.

Umu Nri kachaaanu!!!
IGBO KWENU!!!!!


IGBO AMAKA

Stick to facts and stop quoting fables with no source

In 1948, Prince Oladele Ajose became the first Nigerian to hold a Professorial Chair in the Country. He later became the first Vice Chancellor of the University of Ife(now Obafemi Awolowo University).

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photo: Oladele Ajose - Prince, Professor, Patriot by Olutayo Charles Adesina

MrColdsweat:
There is no authentic version of the Igbo history.


Going by the Yoruba history, we can claim that the Yorubas are slaves/destined to be slaves.

There are claims that Yorubas are runaway dahomey slaves, some claim they are Benin slaves who prince oduduwa took with him when he left the Benin empire.

Alaafin Aole, before he committed suicide, cursed the Yoruba nation and said they will be slaves wherever they are.


Sango, before the committed suicide, cursed the Yoruba nation, that they would be slaves to other black tribes.

When the Oyo empire was about to collapse, Yoruba states were are war with other. The Yorubas started kidnapping their fellow yorubas from neighboring states. They sold their fellow Yorubas to slavery to obtain money to buy horses for their army.

This happened for more than 15years...

Merchants from the sahel exchanged one horse for ten yoruba slaves.

I can go on and on about the history of the yorubas.

The Yoruba history is a story of cowardice, treachery and slavery.


Cc lzaa immhotep

Funny. Yoruba history is well documented. The most documented black race and we are proud of it

Umu Eze Tsima: Igbo in Every Essential
Tsima the king, however, with his two sons Ekensu and Oreze and their households, retreated right across the river, and settled in the same spot that their successors now occupy. But in leaving Ado-n-Idu behind them, these people then and for ever abandoned their Bini nationality and language.
For even those who have remained on the western bank, and who are therefore within easy touch of Benin, are Ibo in every essential, talking pure Ibo, and not a mixed language, or even a dialect, in which Bini words are to be found.
In succession to Eze Tsima, the following kings have reigned over Onitsha:—Tsinwukwa, ISTafia, Atasia, Tsimezei, Tsimefi, Azoli, Tsimedie, Omozele, Ijelakpe, Udogwu, Akazue, Diali, Anazonwu.
With regard to the election to the kingly office, there are in Onitsha four communal divisions, viz., Ulutu, Gbeneke, Ado, and Eke n'ubene, to whom all matters are referred.
To Ugwu n'obamkpa belongs the absolute right of conferring what is called "Ofo"—the god of truth and justice —upon the chief or individual who is elected king.

The Lower Niger and Its Tribes, by Arthur Glyn Leonard, (Macmillan and Co., limited, London), 1906

The Journal of the Manchester Geographical Society 1898

Notes of a Journey to Bende by Major Arthur Glyn Leonard

The people belong to the Ibo race, as do also the Aros.

There is nothing particularly distinguishing about the men, who are moderately strong and well built, but among the women I noticed some very fine looking specimens.

The Aros, on the contrary, are, intellectually and physically, far superior to the other branches of their own race, over whom they domineer with an iron hand concealed under the silken meshes of deep diplomacy.


With their headquarters at Arun, they are, from what I could learn, divided into fourteen families, or factions, that have outposts scattered all over the country from a long way into the interior down to the Cross River on the one side, and the Niger and Opobo Rivers on the other.

Consequently they are looked upon by the other Ibos, Quas, Ibibios, and other tribes with whom they are in contact, as great travellers, and hence the aggressively arrogant attitude they usually adopt.

With all their bounce they are not, however, in my opinion at least, a fighting race; relying on the wiles of deception, and more especially on the widespread reputation and blind belief that their fetish has earned for them.

The information that the Abam people fight as well as carry for them, I quite believe to be correct.

That the Aros, however, evidently believe in themselves, and that this belief is to a great extent justified, is not only seen in the hold they everywhere have, and in their own over-bearing swagger, but in the bearing of their women, who, I must say, are ever so much handsomer and finer than of any of the tribes in the Niger Delta.

Indeed, they look quite a different and altogether superior race.

In the arrangement of their head-pieces alone they are to be distinguished from any of the other tribes, for the wool is pulled out to its utmost length, coiled and curled by the aid of combs, grease, and pieces of wood, into shapes so stiff and so fantastical — some of them the exact image of the ancient Greek and Roman helmets, others like the three-cornered, and others again into the pattern of the cocked, hat — that one wonders what can induce them to carry about and sleep with a burden that must be not only heavy, but very uncomfortable.

There is, as far as I can see, but one answer to this — vanity.

For even in these western wilds of Africa fashion holds her imperious sway at the expense of ease and comfort.

* photo from The Women's missionary magazine of the United Free Church of Scotland.(1903-1904)




The Arochukwu are amongst the superior Igbos

More proof that it's a settlement of slaves. No common origin or ancestors

@anambraslstson

Ọfọ

The Ibo-speaking peoples number about 3,185,000 people, and are centred mainly in the Onitsha, Owerri, Benin, and Ogoja Provinces of Nigeria.

It is with the North-Western groups inhabiting the political divisions of Onitsha Province, known as Nsukka and Awgu, that this paper is principally concerned.

According to Dr. Talbot the Ibo consist of a number of sub-tribes such as the Awhawzara [" the people of the shrub bush "] and Awhawfia [" the people of the thick bush "]. But these terms are primarily geographical, and the most striking feature of Ibo society as a whole is the absence of any strong tribal or sub-tribal organization.

In the Nsukka and Awgu divisions there is no higher social or political unit than the " village-area ", i.e. the group of villages united by the possession of a common name and territory, the belief in descent from a common ancestor, the sharing of common customs and cults, and sometimes of a common chi or soul. The village-area may thus constitute a clan.

But it is frequently a local rather than a kinship grouping ; for, though the component villages may vaguely claim a common ancestor, it can often be proved that there was no original relationship, and in many cases, indeed, no relationship is claimed. Such unity as they possess is due to economic and political circumstances and to intermarriage.

A village-area is known as an obodo or mba or ala, and includes a number of subdivisions known as nkporo or ogbwe.

The nkporo in turn is subdivided into smaller groups or hamlets known as qnuma or nchi. The hamlet may coincide with the single kinship grouping known as umunna or may embrace several umunna.

An umunna may be composed of a single group of related families each of which consists of such close relatives as a man and his wife, brothers or first cousins and their wives and children ; or it may consist of two or more related groups of such families.

Where the umunna consists of a single group of related families it may, for the purposes of this article, be described as an " extended-family " and where it consists of two or more groups of related families it may be described as a " kindred ".

* photo of Chief Onyeso from Anthropological report on the Ibo-speaking peoples of Nigeria by Thomas, Northcote Whitridge (1913)

Ibo Law by C.K Meek

Essays Presented To C G Seligman by Evans Pritchard E.E. (1934)

GerogeI:
You are some work.
If Olaudah is a fictitious character, whose works have been debated by the British Royal Societies and various academics since the 17th century,
Then am very sure you are just a draft Google machine learning algorithm, trying to be human.

You are not the only one that can pick and choose history selectively is my point.

OfoIgbo:
I am an Nri man from Enugwu-Agidi and one thing I know is that IBO does not mean slave. However ODIBO means servant. Slave and servant are two different things. ORU is slave, so this is the case of the white man making inaccurate assumptions. ODIBO is different from IGBO or IBO.

Secondly Nri people did not conquer IGBOS as Nri people are bonafide IGBOS and much of Igbo people are descended from us or from any of the UMU ERI patriarchs.

NRI Ji OFO. and NRI BU ISI IGBO. But Nri did not conquer Igbo as Nri culture frowns on violence. Nri was totally about peaceful neighbourliness.

Dude, if you are not Igala by origin, then you are one of their Ibo slaves

Igalas are the Nris

GerogeI:
Yet Olauda Equiano, a foremost 17th century authority on Eboe never referred to himself as a former slave based on the name? At least he would have mentioned he was on a second slavery experience.

Your writer not only could not pronounce Igbo words, even name of towns, but had a literal and peripheral understanding of the culture. He thinks a funeral ceremony is a second burial, that's so pathetic.
He refers to sacrificial animals (chickens and goats) as victims, a hugely controversial level of personification that would set up a conflict even in the western world, in every KFC and McDonald outlet.
Whole heartedly, he was psychologically and intellectually not fit for a study of an African culture. His outputs are most unbecoming.

Before his work of 1917, scholars have spent a lot of effort debating what it meant to be Eboe, following the works of Olaudah Equiano. As his loose reference to nationhood was quite perplexing to people like you who could not understand a society with a very flattened pyramid structure, and multiple focal points.

I have one link for you :
https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/3491728&ved=2ahUKEwjT8q2om67nAhXhURUIHascBEo4ChAWMAR6BAgEEAE&usg=AOvVaw3Y4QJXM88vkvyP6pm7eC3

The same reason Olaudah Equiano, called every clan he passed through a nation, is the same reason why Eboe or Igbo has no particular meaning. It is simply a name. The region held a multitude of republican political groupings seldom seen anyway in the world.

In the early centuries of colonization, every Igbo town identified itself uniquely, and refered to every other stranger of similar language as Eboe. This was not perculiar to Nri, as you can read in the write up I gave you. This is why Olaudah, remembered that his elders refered to Stout Mahogany coloured traders as Onye Igbo or Oye Eboe, yet started his book calling himself an Eboe.

As an example of this stepwise identity: Among the Awka area, towns such as Mbaukwu, Nibo, Umuawulu, and even Ugwu-Oba in Enugu state. Refer to themselves a Ebeteteh, yet each retains their unique identity. Ebeteteh identity becomes relevant in the face of larger political groupings.

Olaudah is a fictitious character. The creation of the white colonial. If you don't believe the white dude that wrote about your history then why should anyone believe a fake "Eboe" that can't even spell his tribe right?

GerogeI:
Odibo in Igbo means servant, not slave. "Igba Odibo" is something we do today in trading without shame, and in that context translates to "apprenticeship".

Igbo folklores will readily talk of Odibo and Nnia Ukwu.
"Odibo" does not mean slavery in any context, talkless of Igbo.

Servant (indentured) and Slave

Potato and Potato

Ibo = Slave

rigarmortis:
Igbo mean "people" . That is the closest meaning, you can substitute the word with "oha" in a sentence and even name.

igbokwe-ohakwe, onwuzuruigbo-owunzuruoha...etc.

also "igbo" prefix or suffix is all over igbo speaking towns from igboetche and rumuigbo in rivers to igbouzo in delta and a lot in the southeast.

it never meant slave, though in the past igbos referred to themselves by their group or village, an owerri man will call himself ony owerri and his neighbors igbo....

the same way yourubas of today never identified as yoruba, but ekiti, ijesa, ibadan, oyo etc. they go to war as each gruop vs the other and not as yoruba.

the kiriji war was ekiti parapo vs ibadan, shortly after the fall off the oyo empire and ibadan people acquired power.

yoruba is a word the fulanis derogatorily used to describe oyo people only, but today an even ekiti man is a "proud" yoruba man. things change

lets leave it at that

Ibo means slave people.

DaBullIT:
True but they are still "RUNAWAY SLAVES"


NOT indigenous and in order to remain free in a slave settlement they must learn the language of the host


Known this, said it many times and I'm reconfirming it, they are the slaves and they know it

Yoruba knows they are slaves but we rarely call them so just not to bruise their ego

Why weren't the Osu free men?

Maadoo:
Have also read this?

Posting tidbits isn't changing your history or the facts

Maadoo:
Op are u also aware of this?

You do realize it reaffirms what I posted that the further south you go the caste becomes weak and the whole Igbo or Eboe thing is just a bunch of escaped slaves from different groups with some indigenous folks that were originally Ibibio?

Yujin:
You're a clown. How can verifiable things I wrote here be wishful thinking? I'm a well read Igbo man who have researched about my people for about 20yrs now and visited many Igbo areas. Who the hell are you?
The writer you quoted said the founder of Asaba was Nevise. Can you go to Asaba and ask them about anyone called by that name? I know you didn't bring this write up for learning purpose. I'm here to deflate all your balloon of mockery.

Have you ever questioned Olauda Equiano that was "Eboe"?

U want to latch on oyinbo man's mispronunciation then how about we go all out with it?

His mispronunciation doesn't negate his work. Your own work meanwhile is fiction at best

Funny dude

Yujin:
Lol. No Igbo group is superior to another. Our land is the land of free people. Anambra is a recent creation and is subject to any future political change.
Our expansion is clear and we went even to the heart of Benin Empire until the decline of the Empire forced the return of lots of our people back(Ezechima migration). The Ika and Ndokwa areas are all Igbo frontier territories. The Benins and Esan people migrated into Ika while the Urhobos and Isokos migrated into Ndokwa but the aborigines are Igbos. Today, they are all Igbos.
Igbos from the oldest regions didn't conquer other groups. They simply dispersed and attracted other neighbouring groups by the way they lived. The Nri priests were known to move about majority of Igboland cleansing and settling disputes. They constantly reminded the people of not shedding blood. Violent conquest is not an Igbo thing. The Igalas that tried in the Nsukka, Aguleri and Enuani areas failed though won some battles around a tiny Nsukka area but couldn't conquer them. Same happened for the mighty Benin Empire around Agbor but couldn't conquer. Igbos love their freedom and will do anything to enjoy such living.
Finally, you should be ashamed of yourself for trying to belittle such a great people. You can only envy us yet can stop us.

All you typed is typical wishful thinking. I am quoting an authoritative book while you are just writing your opinion.

Ritchiee:
My Igbo brethren can abuse and downgrade anything not knowing that they are the most debased and downgraded among all the ethnic groups in Nigeria.One wouldn't be surprised that they started to learn how to wear clothes in 1921.

Don't mind them. The funny discovery is they really started becoming an ethic group in the 1920s. It was the Northern folks (Anambra and Enugu) from Igala tribes that were Igbos before assimilating others that still to date are not fully assimilated Igbos.

Shiver99:
Op’s post while somewhat inaccurate and rather speculative, hits home on why Northern igboland, especially Anambra, Enugu should be excavated as a matter of urgency. There is evidence of an ancient civilisation that according to historians that could date back to 3000bc, where the north-south migration would have began.

It speaks to the corruption and lackadaisical attitude of Nigeria, that one of the oldest iron smelting sites in the world was found in south east Nigeria and no intense follow-up archaeology work was done.

Fortunately, In Biafra, more work will be done to uncover Igbo history, but I really wish Igbo development unions take it more seriously.

Why would you want to excavate sites based on a pure speculative write up?

Lolz

And you shall know the truth and it will set you free

The colonial is pretty spot on and dead accurate. Most of his observations are dead ringer to what we discus to date

1. Northern Igbos are superior to southern Igbos. Explains pomposity in Anambra. They conquered the clans and the further you go south the worse the caste
2. Igbo means slave. Self explanatory
3. They didn't expand much westward. Asaba and a few hamlets. So all the claims about Ndoka, Igbos in Edo, Jim Ovia etc are false. They assimilated the language due to trade. History is clear, they aren't Igbo
4. The real Igbos that conquered are of Igala stock
5. Igbo clans are not homogeneous unlike their cousins in the west. Hence, difficulty in urbanization and more dispensation to primitive governance. It still shows today

Journal of The Anthropological Institute Of Great Britain And Ireland Vol.47 1917

Some Ibo Burial Customs by N. W. Thomas

The Ibo-speaking peoples, with a portion of whom this paper deals, occupy a small area on the west bank of the lower Niger, and a much larger area on the east bank, extending as far as the Cross River from the Ibibio boundary northwards, and, at their most easterly point, beyond the northernmost point of the bight of the Cross River.

The Ibo speak a great variety of dialects, and the Eastern branches are almost unintelligible to the Western groups.

Even such close neighbours as Asaba and Onitsha, only three miles apart on the banks of the Niger, differed, until recently, somewhat widely in language.

The main Ibo area is, especially on the south and east, more or less surrounded by a fringe of aberrant dialects, which seem to have resulted from an incomplete assimilation of an alien population by Ibo-speaking conquerors, or, at any rate, a very imperfect acquisition of what might be called standard Ibo ; or we may, on the other hand, regard these dialects (e.g., Okugba, Biko, Ezza as allied to the older wave of immigration that resulted in Efik, Ibibio, Kana and Ebiobolo.

Generally speaking the main Ibo dialects east of the Niger seem to run strip-wise from north to south, and this, no less than the aberrant character of the southern or south-eastern dialects, suggests that the Ibo migration came from the north.

In this connection it is noteworthy that Abua and Akunakuna, two closely related dialects, have clearly been cleft asunder by the Ibo stream and now lie, one north-west of Degema, the other east of the Cross River.

It is worthy of notice that the word Ibo (Ibo) means slave ; this suggests that there was no migration in mass, driving alien populations before it ; but that a conquering people imposed its language on subject populations.

This would afford a sufficient explanation of the character of the language of outlying areas, as well as of the great number of dialects which form a strong contrast to the homogeneity of the Yoruba area.

It is not without interest that the town of Nri, or Aguku, which claims the right of inducting Chiefs and doing other ceremonial work as far as Asaba, at least, on the west, and, probably, over an equally wide area in other directions, also speaks of the people of the surrounding area as Ibo, and themselves claim the name of Nri.

This fits in well with the supposition that they are an island of the original Ibo-speaking conquering race, which is now swallowed up in the mass of the population everywhere else.

As regards the areas with which this paper deals, the districts of Awka and Asaba, the former includes the town of Aguku, just mentioned ; generally speaking, there are few traditions of origin among them.

In Asaba, on the other hand, each town has its tradition of a founder or a record of migration, so that the diversity of custom is easier to understand.

Generally speaking, Asaba, Ibuzo and Okpanam form a closely associated group, as far as general customs go.

Some data for the other towns and for the Awka district will be found elsewhere, together with maps showing the localities, which are enumerated below, for each district.

Asaba was founded by Nevise, according to tradition, who came from Nteje on the east of the Niger perhaps some four hundred years ago.


http://jstor.org/stable/2843415

myobjective:
You are on point, my brother! Islam is a political tool to the Fulani to project power, without the religion they don't have the justification for occupying the seat of power in the north since they were settlers and a tiny minority.

The sultan is just a ceremonial figure in the larger scheme of things, in reality, the emir of Kano is even more powerful than him.

The Sokoto stool is to maintain the symbolism of the 19th century Jihad since the Hausa slaves now feel it liberated them after their brain washing. To a large extent some Ilorin tools are also slave to that feudal system if not for Otoge that allowed Kwara Yorubas to realize the real 21st century power belongs to them. They watch in awe how the SW is projecting power and i hope they learn from it

I am sick to my stomach with the slavish adherence and deference to an ethnic group all in the name of religion

It is really shameful how Nigerian muslims have allowed Fulanis to manipulate the religion as a tool to rule.

Nothing sane or rational about the Sultan of Sokoto being the defacto leader of Nigerian muslims. The Kanuris had Islam before any group in the country. Also, why is the position not rotational and why does it exclude other sects such as Shia etc?

Why are Nigerian muslims blind to the obvious Fulani scheme? It is pure garbage

Who wants to herd cows aimlessly?

12Monkeys:
Not only was this snuck into the 1999 constitution with a govt funded office of the Supreme Council of Islam that makes the Sultan of Sokoto as the Supreme authority on Islamic affairs and all Muslims but the Sultan also doubles as the permanent head of all traditional stools. This makes your Obas, Ooni, Obis, etc subjects under the Sultan.

How this came about is anyone's guess. Was the south sleeping when Abdullsalami dusted Abacha's personally authored constitution and handed it to Obasanjo on May 29, 1999?

To the topic : Why cant Yoruba Muslims appoint their own spiritual leader?

The Sultan of Sokoto is for Fulani Muslims and their slaves. To be subjected under the whips and caprices of his fatwas is to subject yourselves to Fulani Islam and to lower your own Islamic identity.

Yoruba Muslims wake up.

Where is this in the constitution?