₦airaland Forum

one gallant officer fall!

nah everybody go collect, just hold done? go soon reach U!

julietozy:
so because he loves her he should be dispensing money regularly someone he isnt married too?

U didn't understand how loves work?

good jab! if he no do anything nko? who will hold him? folarin 4ma senator, do notinz in Oyo state! and no1 hold him for it

I'm not sure u truly loves her! if u truly loved her? all wot u mentioned here, will not be a burden!

okay!

keeper303:
Thank you. Please how can AEDC prevent the stolen Meter from being used anywhere?

Gat serial number!

imagine? and there is hungry in d land?

okay!

smile? with no images? seem like u gold di

go to AEDC office and make a report? he can't use it any where

imagine? security?

so olosho is multi Millon's deal ?

so. insecurity is happening over there? no place is safe on earth!

seyi he working!

I hope d prick go still work?

happened in ekiti too,! few yrs ago!

Shehu Sani, lawmaker representing Kaduna Central has cautioned the General Superintendent of the Deeper Christian Life Ministry, William Kumuyi, to allow Nigerians express their views about their leaders. Mr Kumuyi had on Sunday told Christians not to criticize their leaders including President Muhammadu Buhari. The cleric gave the advise on Sunday during his sermon at the Deeper Life Bible Church, Headquarters, Gbagada, in Lagos said that real Christians must obey constituted authorities and shun violence. He said Christians are strangers and pilgrims in the world and must be Christ-like in their character, conducts and conversations. “Don’t attack the president of the country whether in words or in the newspapers or through internet,” Kumuyi was quoted by the News Agency of Nigeria (NAN) to have said. “Honour kings; don’t disrespect or dishonour the governors. Don’t disrespect leaders of the community and leaders in the church. “If we are to honour the governors in the states, how much more the pastors, ” he added. But disagreeing with the cleric, the Kaduna lawmaker said criticism is the only shield by which democracy flourish.

okay!.

okay!

some were planing to visit anoda fb frnd now?

Wole Soyinka clowns with a fellow Pyrate, Ikpehare Aig-Imoukhuende, circa 1953
The story is that in 1952, while pursuing a degree in English literature, Greek, and Western history at University College Ibadan, Soyinka helped found The National Association of Seadogs (popularly known as the Pyrates Confraternity) with six others
They called themselves “The Magnificent Seven”
Pyrates was formed as an anti-corruption, human rights and justice-seeking student organization. They operated via peaceful protests against the government and they held annual colloquia (i.e academic conference or seminar)
Their mission statement was "to uphold human dignity and maintaining a just and progressive society shorn of discriminatory and unmeritorious considerations."
Membership into the confraternity was open to students who were bright academically regardless of their tribe or religion.

Actual Formation: Historical Perspective
In the session of 1952-1953, Wole Soyinka, Ralph Okpara, and Nathaniel Oyelola joined hands with others of like minds to form a student-based organization in the newly founded University College Ibadan, Nigeria and called it the Pyrates Confraternity. Others were Olumuyiwa Awe, Aig-Imoukhuede and Slyvanus Egbuche.
These 7 young men were students from the geographical north of Nigeria, west and the mid-west and eastern parts of Nigeria, respectively.
They were mostly residents in Tedder Hall and self-styled themselves as enemies of convention. They used the crossbones and skull insignia as their motif and took on different theatrical-sounding names. They held a gathering called sally to celebrate their camaraderie in noisy revelries, accompanied by music and dance, reminiscent of ancient Greek festivals in the worship of the gods, Dionysius and Apollo which eventually gave rise to attic drama.
Culled from “The Theatrical Aesthetics of Wole Soyinka and the Pyrates Confraternity “

THERE WAS NO OYO EMPIRE

By Ndagi Abdullahi Amana Nupe

It was British historians like Professor Robin Law, swayed by Reverend Samuel Johnson’s pretentious History of the Yorubas, who invented the claim that by the 1690s Oyo had become the greatest Empire in pre-Colonial Nigeria.¹ But all the earliest writers on Yoruba, including the Danmasanin Katsina² and Sultan Bello in the 1830s,³ never mention any Oyo Empire.

The first Europeans to visit Oyo itself, including Captain Hugh Clapperton⁴ and the Lander brothers,⁵ never wrote that Oyo was an empire.

In 1668 Olfert Dapper described the Benin Kingdom in details but never mentioned any nearby great Oyo Kingdom.⁶ In fact, the first documented mention of Oyo was two years later in 1671.⁷

For hundreds of years no pre-Colonial European map mention any Oyo Kingdom, let alone Oyo Empire, even though the same European maps repeatedly depicted the Benin, Zegzeg, Borno, and other kingdoms of those days.

More importantly, there is no any documentary evidence that Oyo ever conquered its neighbours into an Empire.⁸ Dahomey, Akure, Ile Ife, Ilesha, the Owu, Ijesha, the Egba, Ijebu, the Ondos, the Owo, the Ugbo, the Ekiti, etc., were never part of any phantom Oyo Empire.⁹

Instead, in 1793 the Portuguese Resident Archibald Dalzel, wrote as a living witness that the Oyo Kingdom was part of the Nupe Empire and was still paying annual tributes to the Etsu Nupes at the end of the 18th century.¹⁰

How could Oyo had been the greatest Empire in pre-Colonial Nigeria by the 1690s when one hundred years later in the 1790s it was still a small kingdom paying annual tribute to the Etsu Nupes?

References:
1 - Law, Robin (1975). "A West African Cavalry State: The Kingdom of Oyo". The Journal of African History. 16 (1): 1–15. doi:10.1017/S0021853700014079. ISSN 0021-8537. JSTOR 181095.

2 - Sheikh Muhammad ibn Massana’s book ‘Tuhfat i'Anbariyya’ quoted by Sultan Bello in Infaq al-Maysur, by Muhammed Bello, Edited by Abubakar Gummi, Published by Dar wa matabi al-Sha'b, Cairo, 1964.

3 - Infaq al-Maysur, by Muhammed Bello, Edited by Abubakar Gummi, Published by Dar wa matabi al-Sha'b, Cairo, 1964.

4 - Clapperton, H. (1829). Journal of a second expedition into the interior of Africa, from the Bight of Benin to Soccatoo. London: John Murray, 1829, p. 103.

5 - Lander, R. and Lander, J. (1832). Journal of an Expedition to Explore the Course and Termination of the Niger, vol. 1. London, pp. 78-79.

6 - Dapper, O. (1998). Description of Benin. University of Wisconsin Madison Africa, 1998.

7 - "Suite du Journal du Sieur d'El bee," J. de Clodore (ed.), Relation de ce qui s'est passe dans les Selen et Terre-ferme da l'Andrique pendant la demiere guerre avec l'Angleterre (Paris, 1671), III, 557-558.

8 - Peel, J.D.Y. (2003). The Religious Encounter and the Making of the Yoruba. Indiana University Press, p. 30.

9 - CA2/056, James Johnson, 18 Sept 1879; CMS C/A2/O49/36, D. Hinderer to secretaries, September 24, 1858; Burton, R. (1863). Abeokuta and the Camaroons Mountains: An Exploration, vol. I. London: Tinsley Brothers, p. 105.

10 - Dalzel, A. The History of Dahomy: An Inland Kingdom of Africa. Snowhill: Spilsbury and Son, p. 40.

Askew!

500k is too small?? Make it 5m??

Okay!

30k! Make bag of rice become 5k.let all fudstuff come down!

Okay!

Thy lord will scale us tru!

Okay!