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Nigeria was made an honorary member of the Frontline States organisation, even though it did not share any border with South Africa. This was due to its contributions to the southern African liberation movements. |
Alhaji Muhammadu Dikko (MD) Yusuf was the head of the Police Special Branch (E Department). This was the intelligence arm of the police at the time. In this role, he organised military training for southern African liberation movements. He often arranged for liberation activists to be given training in Libya and other places and the Federal Military Government paid for the training. He continued this role when he became inspector general of police in 1975. |
South Africa Many South African freedom fighters sought refuge in Nigeria during the apartheid era. Nigeria's first president, Dr Nnamdi Azikiwe, told famous politician Chief Mbazulike Amaechi to accomodate Dr Nelson Mandela in his home in 1962. Mr Thabo Mbeki also lived in Lagos from 1977 till 1984. He initially lived in a Federal Government house in Ikoyi, then he was moved to the 1004 Estate on Victoria Island. The children of many South African activists were also educated in Nigeria at government expense. A South African woman wrote about her time in Nigeria in the 1960s. They had to flee from South Africa and she and her sister were separated from their parents, so they were sent to Mayflower School, Ikenne and Dr Tai Solarin was like a foster father to her. Nigerian school children donated money to the liberation movements in South Africa and the Nigerian Labour Congress (NLC) donated money to the Congress of South African Trade Unions (COSATU). NLC members and Students of the University of Ife staged protests against Margaret Thatcher when she visited Nigeria in 1988 because they felt that she was sympathetic to the racist government of PW. Botha. The Nigerian Government banned oil companies from selling Nigerian crude oil to South Africa. It imposed economic sanctions on South Africa and it also imposed sanctions on whites only South African cultural groups. Sipho George Nene's office was not far from my house. He was the representative of the ANC in Nigeria. He helped to raise awareness about the conditions of black people in South Africa (he often appeared on the network news), to raise funds for the ANC and to put pressure on the Nigerian Government to continue to exert diplomatic pressure for change in South Africa. Nelson Mandela made him the first South African ambassador to Nigeria when he became president. President Frederick de Klerk eventually visited Nigeria c1992, when it became clear that he was serious about dismantling apartheid. |
In Namibia South-West Africa was colonised by Germany. However, it was handed over to South Africa by the League of Nations after Germany lost World War 1. South Africa's mandate expired many years later, but they held on to South-West Africa anyway. There were several United Nations resolutions that demanded that South Africa grant independence to South-West Africa, but they failed to do so. Worse still, South Africa began implementing the apartheid system in South-West Africa. Black activists and freedom fighters set up the South-West African People's Organisation (SWAPO) to fight the South Africans and their apartheid system. Sipho George Nene's office was not too far from my house. He was the representative of the ANC and SWAPO in Nigeria. He was often on the NTA News to talk about events in South Africa and Namibia. Children of Namibian activists were educated in Nigeria at the Federal Government's expense. I had a classmate that was from Namibia. The Federal Government also encouraged school children to donate money towards the liberation movement in Namibia. The Germans, South Africans and the United Nations referred to the place as South-West Africa, but the people referred to their country as Namibia. Frederick de Klerk became president of South Africa and he began dismantling apartheid and he granted independence to Namibia in 1990. |
In Zimbabwe the Federal Government of Nigeria donated a lot of money to the various ZANU factions and other liberation movements in Rhodesia/Zimbabwe. When it seemed like the United Kingdom was supporting the minority white government of Ian Smith, Nigeria nationalised British Petroleum's assets in Nigeria in order to put pressure on the British (British Petroleum became African Petroleum (AP) and later Forte Oil and now back to AP). The official reason for nationalising BP was that it sold Nigerian crude oil to South Africa, which Nigeria had banned. Margaret Thatcher wrote in her book, The Downing Street Years, that this was one of the reasons why her government brought all the parties together to try and reach an agreement and this agreement led to Zimbabwean independence in 1980. When the liberation leaders Robert Mugabe and Joshua Nkomo could not reach an agreement, General Obasanjo said that he placed his gun on the table and told them to either kill each other or reach an agreement. Africa: I Tried to Get Nkomo and Mugabe to Kill Each Other, Says Obasanjohttps://allafrica.com/stories/201803300066.html He's so young here. I remember that a British diplomat said that he wished that he could go over and slap him. Now think about it, General Adefope was a soldier and an athlete, what do you think would happen to the British diplomat/civil servant if he had tried that? I have written about this many times, so it's good to have a video to go with it. It's also going to be in that thread whenever I finish it. In summary, Nigeria imposed sanctions on some British interests because of Britain's attitude towards Zimbabwe (Rhodesia) and South Africa. Nigeria nationalised British Petroleum (BP) in 1979 because it allegedly sold Nigerian oil to South Africa. BP became African Petroleum (AP) and many decades later it became Forte Oil. Nigeria also took over Barclays Bank's assets in 1979 and it became Union Bank. All these happened on the eve of the 1979 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting in Zambia, so naturally, the Nigerian foreign minister was sought after by all journalists at the conference. The Nigerian foreign minister was Major General (Dr) Henry Adefope, a soldier, medical doctor and athlete. General Adefope was a regular feature at Olympic Games up till the late 2000s, because as a member of the International Olympic Committee, he often presented medals to victorious athletes. Here is a clip from the summit. General Adefope doesn't want to be late for the Queen's dinner, but journalists want to ask him about Nigeria's take over of British Petroleum's assets. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MHeDdmp6N6Q Monday, July 5th 1976.Chissano: "We are receiving these funds on behalf of the fighting people of Zimbabwe and Mozambique is not going to use this money for other things, but only for that purpose. So whether they are satisfied or not maybe this will be proved by the results." https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C40eTgWlPhk |
Nigeria contributed a lot to the southern African liberation movements. In Angola Nigeria donated a lot of money and military equipment (including MiG 17 fighter jets) to the MPLA. The MPLA, which was recognised as the government of Angola by the African Union, was fighting against UNITA, which was supported by the racist government of South Africa and the United States. The MPLA also received support from the Soviet Union and Cuba. Cuban troops fought alongside the MPLA and there were unconfirmed reports that there was a secret unit of Nigerian soldiers also fighting alongside the MPLA. South Africa invaded Angola in support of UNITA. This is why the Angolan Government had an event to mark the 50th anniversary of the assasination of Murtala Muhammed earlier this year. Members of Murtala's family and Nigerian government officials were in Luanda for the ceremony. |
Nigeria had invested a lot in the liberation struggles in southern Africa. In fact, when Nelson Mandela visited Nigeria in 1990, the Federal Military Government made a $10 million contribution to the ANC. Therefore, Nigeria could not allow black on black fighting between Xhosas and Zulus to derail the democratisation process. We had gotten so close to majority black rule and the incredible and terrible violence was threatening to derail it. President Ibrahim Babangida first sent Professor Wole Soyinka to mediate between the ANC and IFP. Soyinka wrote about it in his book You Must Set Forth At Dawn. President Babangida gave him the presidential jet for the trip, but Soyinka said that he didn't make much progress probably because the combatants didn't know him very well. Then Babangida sent Chief MKO Abiola. You know that Abiola was born for this type of thing. He was probably the most charismatic person that I ever saw. I posted Nelson Mandela's version of events, but that is the sanitised (clean) version. Thabo Mbeki has repeated exactly what Abiola told them. Mr Mbeki said that Chief Abiola left them all in stitches and disarmed them by what he said. Abiola was famous for his sayings and proverbs and he used one of those sayings. What Mandela said was the edited version but this is what Mbeki said Abiola told them. Abiola said that the black ant was very dangerous and that it could wreak havoc if it gets into your clothes. Yet, you would not use a sledgehammer to kill the black ant if it gets on your scrotum. Although the black ant is dangerous and could be a problem, you must handle it carefully and delicately so that you don't worsen the problem. Obviously the black ant that Abiola was referring to was Chief Buthelezi. In Mandela's letter he said that they later reconciled with and worked with this enemy and he credited Chief Abiola for that. |
1990 Fighting between Xhosas of the African National Congress (ANC) of Nelson Mandela and Zulus of the Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP) of Chief Mangosuthu Buthelezi (a prince and traditional prime minister of Zululand). The fighting erupted quite often between 1990 and 1994. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AbPIQaiu6Xk?si=qcXUEArLNVkYTseP |
1994 crisis The transition to democracy in South Africa was not smooth. There were all kinds of problems. I have told you that there were serious clashes between the ANC of Nelson Mandela and their Xhosa supporters and the Inkatha Freedom Party of Chief Mangosuthu Buthelezi and their Zulu supporters. Many people died. President Babangida had to send Chief MKO Abiola and later Professor Wole Soyinka to bring both sides together (Nigeria had invested too much in the liberation movements to see it scatter when victory was near). |
This post is from my 2018 thread about Chief MKO Abiola. POST 1D Diplomacy Chief MKO Abiola was involved in many diplomatic engagements, both in aid of Nigeria’s foreign policy and also for his own causes and beliefs. Abiola undertook a diplomatic trip to South Africa to mediate between Chief Mangosuthu Buthelezi’s Inkatha Freedom Party and Dr Nelson Mandela’s African National Congress in the early 1990s. It was part of Nigeria’s efforts to help in ending the black on black violence that was rampant in South Africa in the early 1990s. Chief Mangosuthu Buthelezi is the president of the Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP) and a major chief of the Zulu Nation. Nelson Mandela was (at that time) the vice president of the ANC (he later became the president) and a member of the Xhosa Nation. There was serious violence between supporters of the IFP and supporters of the ANC and between Zulus and Xhosas in the early 1990s (c1990-1993) after the collapse of Apartheid. Lots of people died in the clashes. Nigeria, which had invested a lot into the anti-Apartheid struggle, was very concerned about these black on black clashes and President Babangida sent Professor Wole Soyinka and later Chief M.K.O Abiola to make peace between both parties. Chief Buthelezi’s IFP later joined the ANC in a Government of National Unity and Chief Buthelezi was made a minister in Mandela’s government. I strongly suspect that this is one of the reasons that Mandela invited Abiola to his inauguration (Abiola’s presence angered Abacha). I strongly suspect that the “sworn enemy” that Mandela was referring to in this piece was Chief Mangosuthu Buthelezi. Former South African President, Dr. Nelson Mandela, on Saturday night in Abuja dedicated his Pan African Broadcast Heritage Award (PABHA) to the memory of the acclaimed winner of the annulled June 12, 1993 Presidential election Chief M.K.O. Abiola, whom he described as a great Nigerian.https://allafrica.com/stories/200010030073.html That was not Chief Abiola’s only international foray. He was involved in many causes around the world and he donated to many institutions around the world, especially in Africa and the Caribbean. |
There was a concert at the Tafawa Balewa Square for people that could not attend the state occasions. There was no government official at the event. One of my neighbours attended the concert and wore a mask. Onyeka Onwenu pointed hin out and brought attention to him, so the NTA cameras focused on him. That person is now a senior government official. |
After Mandela’s release from jail in 1990, he visited Nigeria, and received a $10 million campaign contribution for the ANC. There were great expectations that these developments would mark the birth of a strong alliance between Africa’s two powerhouses.http://m.iol.co.za/article/view/e/1.1514369 |
Photo 1) Alhaji Rilwanu Lukman, Professor Aliyu Babatunde Fafunwa and Alabo Tonye Graham Douglas. Photo 2) Colonel Anthony Ukpo, Captain Olabode George and Captain Mohammed Lawal. Photo 3) Alhaja Lateefat Okunnu
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Dr Mandela was presented with the national honour of Grand Commander of the Federal Republic (GCFR) at this event. He also spoke at the University of Lagos and visited the Centre for Black and African Art and Culture (CBAAC) to pick up several international awards that he had earned while he was in prison. Photo 1) Dr. Nelson Mandela and President Ibrahim Babangida at State House, Marina. Dr. Mandela is wearing his GCFR medal. Photo 2) General Sani Abacha, Rear Admiral Murtala Nyako and Air Vice Marshal Nuraini Yusuf Photo 3) Rear Admiral Murtala Nyako, Air Vice Marshal Nuraini Yusuf and Mr Aliyu Attah. Photo 4) Prince Tony Momoh and Alhaji Abubakar Alhaji.
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Next we see State House, Marina, the venue of the state reception (if I remember correctly, this is the next day). President Babangida is reading his speech. Seated at the high table are Mrs Maryam Babangida, Dr Nelson Mandela, Mrs Winnie Mandela and Vice Admiral Augustus Aikhomu. In the audience are the service chiefs - Lieutenant General Sani Abacha (Minister of Defence and Chief of Army Staff), Rear Admiral Murtala Nyako (Chief of Naval Staff), Air Vice Marshal Nurraini Yusuf (Chief of Air Staff) and Alhaji Aliyu Atta (Inspector General of Police). There are also ministers in the audience, including Alhaji Abubakar Alhaji (Minister of Finance and Sardauna of Sokoto), Prince Tony Momoh (Minister of Information), Prince Tonye Graham-Douglas (Minister of Aviation), Professor Aliyu Babatunde Fafunwa (Minister of Education) and Prince Adekunle Ojora. State Governors at the event include Colonel Raji Rasaki (Lagos), Navy Captain Olabode George (Ondo), Colonel Anthony Ukpo (Rivers) and Navy Captain Mohammed Lawal. The Lagos State Deputy Governor, Alhaja Latefaat Okunnu, is also present. Photo 1) President Ibrahim Babangida reading his speech at State House, Marina. Photo 2) Dr. Nelson Mandela and Mrs Maryam Babangida. Photo 3) Vice Admiral Augustus Aikhomu. Photo 4) General Sani Abacha
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A South African group performs (reminding Lagosians of the Ipi Tombi performances of the 1970s and '80s). Then various nigerian musicians, including Onyeka Onwenu, Sonny Okosun and Christy Essien Igbokwe, perform (Onyeka, of course, performs her famous song titled "Winnie Mandela). The MCs are the great Ikenna Ndaguba and Bisi Olatillo of Radio Nigeria 3. The national anthem is played and the civic reception comes to an end. Photo 1) Sonny Okosuns. He sang Papa's Land at the event. Photo 2) Christy Essien Igbokwe Photo 3) Onyeka Onwenu. She sang Winnie Mandela at the event.
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The Vice Chancellor of the University of Lagos and chairman of the reception organising committee, Professor Nurudeen Alao reads the welcome address (how many people remember Alao's speedboat? ). Dr Mandela reads his response.Photo 1) Vice Chancellor of the University of Lagos and chairman of the organising committee for the visit, Professor Nurudeen Alao, reads his speech. Photo 2) ANC Vice President, Dr. Nelson Mandela, reads his speech.
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The car stops at the VIP area beneath the State Box, where Admiral Aikhomu and Dr Mandela are received by the Sports Minister. We now see the main bowl of the stadium. The crowd is ecstatic. The stadium is only half full (the stands opposite the state box are empty) because entry into the stadium was restricted for security reasons (there was another free concert at the Tafawa Balewa Square and people were able to attend that event without restrictions. The square was filled to the brim. There were no government officials at that event). Nelson and Winnie Mandela are driven round the stadium in a police Land Rover. They acknowledge the cheers from the crowd. Ministers (including Tonye Graham-Douglas) and other government officials are in the state box. There is a rendition of the ANC anthem and the Nigerian national anthem. The crowd sing as if it is an Eagles match. Photo) Crowd at the National Stadium
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The Angolan Airlines plane carrying Dr. Mandela is seen taxing down to its designated spot. It is closely followed by a Nigerian Army Pinzgauer. Admiral Aikhomu leads the Nigerian delegation to the steps of the plane. We see the crew descend from the plane, then Ambassador Sipho George Nene, long time representative of Namibia's South West African Peoples Organisation (SWAPO) and South Africa's African National Congress (ANC) in Nigeria, leads Dr and Mrs. Mandela down from the plane. Admiral Aikhomu greets the Mandelas and introduces them to members of the Nigerian delegation. There's the usual pushing and shoving between journalists on one hand and soldiers, naval ratings and SSS operatives on the other. Admiral Aikhomu leads the Mandelas to the car park where the cultural troupes are performing. Winnie Mandela points out a guy on stilts and Admiral Aikhomu invites the Mandelas to go and have a closer look. Aikhomu and Nelson Mandela get into the CVU Mercedes (Winnie Mandela is ushered into another CVU Mercedes) and they make their way to the National Stadium for the civic reception. The streets are lined with people who are hoping to get a glimpse of Nelson Mandela. Cars are parked on the other carriageway. We then see the driveway into the National Stadium, which is also lined with people. The motorcade enters the stadium and the crowd cheers when the two CVU cars pass by. Photo 1) People along the route from the airport to the stadium. Photo 2) Vice Admiral Aikhomu and Nelson Mandela arrive the National Stadium.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KlRMmNhsg9Y The video opens with a shot of a banner at the Presidential Wing of the Murtala Muhammed Airport. It reads, "Nigeria Salutes NELSON MANDELA - A Man Of Courage And Pride Of Africa". Then we see the arrival of the Minister of External Affairs, Alhaji Rilwanu Lukman. The next shot shows the arrival of the Lagos State Governor, Colonel Raji Rasaki (the Action Governor). We also see a CVU S-Class Mercedes Benz (W126) that has been parked at the entrance to the Presidential Lounge. There are several Honda Goldwing motorcycles at the gate of the Presidential Lounge. We also see several cultural troupes at the car park. Finally we see the arrival of the Chief Of General Staff (military vice president), Vice Admiral Augustus Aikhomu. He is received at the entrance to the Presidential Lounge by Colonel Rasaki. He acknowledges the performance of the cultural troupes and goes inside the lounge. Photo 2) LASG1. Colonel Raji Rasaki (the Action Governor) arrives the Presidential Wing of the Murtala Muhammed Airport. Photo 3) GHQ2. Admiral Aikhomu arrives the Presidential Wing of the Murtala Muhammed Airport. Photo 4) The Presidential Wing of the Murtala Muhammed Airport
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Nelson Mandela's first visit to Nigeria after being released from prison (May 14th, 1990). This is a recreation of a thread that I created in 2014 to mark the first anniversary of Dr. Nelson Mandela's death. ANC Vice President, Nelson Mandela was released from prison on February 11th, 1990. He went on a thank you tour of countries that had supported the anti-apartheid struggle. This, of course, included Nigeria, which had provided funds, training and sanctuary to the ANC. Mr Mandela had stayed in Nigeria in 1962. He lived in the home of Chief Mbazulike Amaechi (The Boy Is Good) at the request of Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe (the Governor General of Nigeria and Chief Mbazulike's leader in the NCNC). Dr Mandela met with Chief Amaechi and Dr. Azikiwe in 1990, to thank them for their assistance.
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Lithiumite:Read the second post, APC Headquarters postponed it to tomorrow. The announcement was made yesterday night. |
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). Dr Mandela reads his response.