₦airaland Forum

Shortly after hi investigation by the efcc, Apkabio has again challenged the FG to seize any money in his name that is in foriegn account, this some bold challenge http://www.prestnaija.com/sen-akpabio-fg-can-seize-money-connected-to-me-in-foreign-accounts-2/

If truely sunday Oliseh is afraid of his life, instead of covering up the sitution by playing it down just as the NFF is doing, they should look into the situation, no life has a duplicate, every man has to be responsible for his or her life http://www.prestnaija.com/they-want-me-dead-sunday-oliseh-pleads/

Chelsea have completed the signing of Alex Pato and have sold off Remires
http://www.prestnaija.com/transfer-news-ramires-signs-for-chinese-club-while-chelsea-welcome-alex-pato/

Lol people and amebo, i didnt see any thing with that Don jazzy tweet, he was only congratulating his staff thats all http://www.prestnaija.com/donjazzy-tweets-olamide-refers-to-kanye-west-wizkhalifa-beef/

This girl Good is just following here everywhere, few years ago she never would have thought her luck will be this bright, from Liverpool to Arsenal http://www.prestnaija.com/asisat-oshoala-to-join-arsenal-after-a-successful-bid/ Asisat Oshoala the sky is your stepping stone

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babytejiri:
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Distrubition Of Dickite And Kaolinite
The plasticity index values were plotted against the liquid limit values on the Cassagrande plasticity chart.

The values plot below the B-line and above the A-line (see Fig. 13 and Table 6). The Cassagrande A-line cannot be taken as a general relationship between liquid limit and plasticity index, hence the clays are observed to plot above the A-line (Kuriakose et. al., 2014). The clustering of the samples for the EC, NC 2, AHQ 1, AHQ 2, LC and UC locations buttresses the similarity in plasticity of the studied clays. The clays can be classified as clays of low plasticity designated as CL and also fall within the line of moderation, B-line. Hence, the clays can be classified as having low to moderate plasticity.

The shrinkage values are relatively low to moderate (3.6 %) as seen in Table 7. According to Ojo et. al., (2014), the variation in sample percentage shrinkage within narrow range is due to the samples composition (particle size and porosity). The water absorption capacity value is low (3.10 %) as seen in Table 8 and Fig. 14.

This is probably due to the presence of abundant K+. The shrinkage, water absorption capacity and loss on ignition values show that vitrification started at 1, 000-1, 1000 C, but complete changes occur close to 1, 2000 C. The bulk density value of 1, 318 Kg/m3 is influenced by the higher water absorption capacity values.

Letu Clay

The clays have very strong peaks of kaolinite (see Fig. 9),estimated as 70 %, with subordinate illite (18 %) and traces of mixed layer (11 %) as seen in Table 5. The prominent peak is recorded as 2 =25.20. The clays have kaolinite and quartz as the main content which indictaes there is a felsic origin. The studied clays show similarity in mineralogy which indicate that they have same origin. Montmorillonite appears to be low in the clays which is evidenced by the low Na2O content.

http://www.prestarticles.com/distrubition-dickite-nacrite-stacking-sequences-kaolinite/

Nacrite Stacking Sequences In Kaolinite

Afikpo South Headquarters - The diffractograms of the studied clays shows distinct peaks of kaolinite (see Figs. 7 and , estimated averagely as 72 %, with subordinate illite (30 %) and traces of mixed layer (19 %) as seen in Table 5. The prominent peaks are 2 = 26.62 and 25.07. The dominant clay mineral is kaolinite. Kaolinite is formed mainly by the alteration of acidic rocks especially granite (Murray, 2000). The nature of the clay mineral originally formed depends on the environment of weathering. The clays have significant concentration of potassium oxide (K2O) of 8.07 % (see Table 5). Due to the relatively high value of K2O in the clays, it can be deduced that there is presence of illite. However, the low values of Na2O simply indicates minimal amount of the mineral (Obrike et. al., 2012).

The deposition of kaolinite is enhanced by acidic solutions and good drainage and illite by abundant K+. According to Olusola et. al., (2011), K2O and Na2O is relatively higher for clays from AHQ 1 than those from AHQ 2 suggesting more compositional maturity in the clays found in AHQ 2. Based on geo-chemical tests, it can be deduced that the clay bodies have mean silica content of 63.19 % and low alumina content of 17.79 % (see Table .
http://www.prestarticles.com/distrubition-dickite-nacrite-stacking-sequences-kaolinite/

This is reflected in the result of the loss on ignition as seen in Table 5. This moderate level of firing as depicted by the value (6.2 %) is could be due to relatively high silica percentage present in the clays. The implication is that the viability and usefulness of the clays is limited to the formation of materials, which melting points are not more than 1, 2000 C hence enhancing its use as earthenware (Aremu et. al., 2013).

From the Cassagrande plasticity, it can be seen that Ezi-Edda clays plot below the B-line and above the A-line (shown in Fig. 13). The clustering of the samples especially for the Ezi-Edda (EC), Afikpo Headquarters 2 (AHQ 2) and Ebuwana (UC) clays buttresses the similarity in plasticity of studied clays. The clays can be classified as clays of low to moderate plasticity since they fall under the line designated CL and also fall within the line of moderation, B-line. According to Onyeobi et. al., (2013), the medium plasticity of is influenced by the mineral composition (particularly kaolinite and illite).

The Ezi-Edda clays have low to moderate shrinkage value of 10 % (see Table 6). The water absorption capacity (W.A.C) is low (0.28 %) as seen in Table 7. The low porosity value shows that the clays will not have any form of crack when fired. This means they can be used as ceramic materials. The results of bulk density test are shown in Fig. 15. The bulk density values are influenced by the water absorption capacity of the clays. The moderate values of shrinkage and bulk density makes it possible for the clays to the clays to be used as raw materials for the ceramic industry since they can withstand stress.

Geochemically, SiO2 and Al2O3 are the predominant oxides being more siliceous and less hydrophilic than the others. The Ezi-Edda clays have low alkali metal content. However, the refractoriness will be insignificant due to the low quantity of alumina which is a major determinant in the level of refractoriness in clays. The value 7.29 % of iron oxide suggests the presence of iron bearing minerals in the neighbourhood of Edda, which were observed as distinct red colorations in the field samples. The temperature obtained on firing is 1, 2000 C which indicates relatively moderate firing strength.

http://www.prestarticles.com/chemistry-physics-clay-allied-ceramic-materials/

Polymer Effects On Volumetric Swelling
An IVT-20 computer-automated X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) spectrometer was used for bulk chemical analysis of the clay samples. The samples were prepared following the procedure outlined in Keningan (1971). The exchangeable metallic bases (in milli-equivalents per hundred grams of dry sample) were determined by leaching 50 g of the samples with neutral ammonuium acetate and the resulting aliquots were analyzed routinely for Si, Na, Ca, Fe, and Ti cations according to the methods given in ASTM 2354 (1989).

The samples were coated with an evaporated conductive film and they are crushed to the size of the mineral grain before being used for analysis.
Check the mA stabilizer. It should be on high for x-ray fluorescence.
Push the start button on.
The resistivity of the conductive film should be lower than 10 kΩmm-1 and a carbon coat about 25 nm thick.
The magnitude of current used should be between 50 to 150 A conducted by electrodes in a 10-5 torr vacuum or carbon thread at 10-2 Close the shutter; place the sample in a sample holder.
Synchronize the chart and allow for scanning, scan the low-angle region first.

Atterberg Limit Tests

Liquid Limit Test

The cone penetrometer was used. Approximately 100 g of material was mixed with water on a glass plate using palette knives to obtain a stiff paste.
A portion of the clay was placed in the cone penetrometer cup while excesses were carefully removed and the surface smoothened with the straight edge of the palette knife.
This was placed under the cone on the penetrometer so that it was just touching the surface of the sample. The dial reading was then turned to zero.
The cone was released and then penetration depth was recorded.
Consecutive readings were taken to ensure consistency, and then a small sub-sample was removed to determine moisture content.
The process was repeated three times until subsequent water being added so that four penetration depths were recorded along with four moisture contents.
These were plotted against each other and the liquid limit was determined as the moisture content with reference to a depth of 20mm on the flow curve.

http://www.prestarticles.com/aqueous-polymer-effects-volumetric-swelling-namontmorillonite/

Plastic Limit

This was determined using approximately 25g of sample.
The clay was mixed with water on a glass plate using the hands until it could be molded into a soft ball. This ball was split into two (2) with one being set aside.
The remaining ball was split into four (4) equal parts and each was molded between the fingers until it was 6mm in diameter then rolled into a clay thread of approximately 3mm diameter.
This process was continued until the clay longitudinally and transversely.
The moisture content of the four clay threads was then determined.
The process was repeated for the other clay ball. The plastic limit (PL) was is the average of the two moisture contents.

Plasticity Index

The plasticity index is calculated by subtracting the plastic limit from the liquid limit.

Water Absorption Capacity

The fired pellets were placed in boiling water in a beaker which was allowed to cool down.
The absorbed water was removed from the pellets surface using a moistured cloth.
The weight of the pellets was then measured (Ww).
The pellets were oven-dried at a temperature of 1100 C after which the dry weight was measured (Wd)
The water absorption capacity (Wa) was calculated by subtracting the dry weight (Wd) from the wet weight (Ww). The difference was divided by the weight.

Wa = Ww- Wd/ Wd × 100

Bulk Density

Bulk density of representative samples was calculated using a free-fall method (Akroyd, 1957).
A ring-stand was used to support a stainless steel beaker of known weight (wa) and volume (vd).
The base of a funnel was blocked and the funnel was filled with air-dried, sieved sample.
http://www.prestarticles.com/aqueous-polymer-effects-volumetric-swelling-namontmorillonite/

Powder Difffraction Standards
The suspensions were properly shaken, then centrifuged for 6 minutes at 600 rpm in an IEC Centra-8 Centrifuge. The supernatant liquid was poured into 280 ml of polypropylene cups, frozen and then kept in sealed containers to be sent to various laboratories for analysis.

Table 3: Parameters and Methods.
PARAMETER METHOD UNIT

X-ray Diffraction Moore and Reynolds (1997) Percent (%)

X-ray Fluorescence Keningan (1971) Percent (%)

Atterberg Limit BS 1377 (1990) Percent (%)

Water Absorption Capacity BS EN (1991) Percent (%)

Bulk Density Akroyd (1957) Kg/m3

Shrinkage Lambe (1951) Percent (%)


Procedure for X-Ray Diffraction Analysis

The analysis was done with a XRD-Philips ADP-10 automated diffractometer in powder diffraction method. The equipment applies the Bragg Bretano principle utilizing a 3.0 KvA steady potential and uses an X-ray machine which generates copper K-alpha radiation.

The procedure for operation:

The date, purpose, name of user, hours on the generator was entered into the log book.
The line voltage to the x-ray generator was switched on, and the film badge put on.
The beam ports and shutters were closed.
The power switch in the middle of the voltage regulator was turned on.
The power to circuit the panel was turned on.
The knobs for kV and mA on the generator were turned on counter-clockwise.
The mA stabilizer was placed on medium for diffraction and the black START button pushed on.
The kV was turned up slowly to proper setting (28 kV and 12 mA) for a Cu with wavelength of 1.5406Å target tube.
The shutter of the diffractometer was closed. The x-ray shield around the sample holder was removed and the sample placed in it.
The shield was replaced.
The clutch lower was disengaged and the LINE switch was turned on.
The diffractometer was turned on to the approximate position of anticipated peak by using the crank.
The shutter was opened once again, and by using the crank or gripping the pointer of the dial at the base, the position of maximum intensity was found.
The diffractometer was synchronized with the strip-chart recorder.
After scanning, the chart drive and instrument switches were turned off. The shutter on the beam port for the diffractometer was closed.
The mA and kV knobs were turned slowly all the way counter-clockwise.
The water was given few minutes to cool the tube, then the red OFF and STOP buttons were pushed.
Finally, the hours reading was entered into the log book.

Data Processing

Identification of the constituent minerals from the diffractograms was carried out by calculating the d-spacing corresponding to the Bragg angles obtained from the x-ray diffraction traces, and using reference tables of diffraction spacing of standard crystalline minerals indexed according to diffraction intensity published by ASTM (1989) in powder diffraction files (Figs. 4-10).
http://www.prestarticles.com/powder-difffraction-standards-selected-powder-diffraction-data-minerals/

Powder Diffraction Data For Minerals

Representative samples were collected from seven locations. Field investigations involved geological mapping to establish sample locations. Collected samples were packaged in air-tight plastic bags for laboratory analyses. The x-ray diffraction curves were analysed using the American Society for Testing Materials (A.S.T.M, 1989) powder data file and also by correlating peaks of significant intensities with standards established by the Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards (JCPDS, 1980).

The geochemical test for major oxide determination of Si, Al, Fe, Ca, Na, K, Mg and Ti was done using x-ray fluorescence machine. The parameters and standards used are listed in Table 3. The physical tests were carried out at Ministry of Works and Infrastructure, Enugu. The mineralogical and geochemical tests were carried out at Engineering Materials Development Institute, Akure. One to two grams of sample was splitted out, crushed in a mortar by impact and ground as a paste with water.

The paste was disaggregated in an industrial-grade Waning blender after an overnight soak. For mineralogical test the fine-grained particles (˂ 2µm) were separated by centrifugation. This was done according to the procedure used in Moore and Reynolds (1997) so as to create a homogenous sample throughout. In each case, 25 grams of the clay sample were hydrated for 24 hour using a 600 ml polyethylene centrifuge bottle in which the sample was placed alongside 500 ml of distilled water to ensure the formation of stable dispersions.
http://www.prestarticles.com/powder-difffraction-standards-selected-powder-diffraction-data-minerals/

Cretaceous-Tertiary Strata in Parts of Eastern Nigeria.
Regional Tectonic Setting.

The Benue Trough is a major elongate structural feature in the SE-NE Nigeria, developed during the break-up of South America and Africa and the opening of the South Atlantic Ocean at the site of the RR triple junction. The trough is an elongate Cretaceous rift located at a major re-entrant in the West African continental margin with an approximate length of 800 km and about 80 to 150 km wide (Umeji, 2000).

The trough is northeast–southwest trending and extends into the Chad Basin and the Niger Delta, in the northern and southern portions, respectively (Obaje, 2009). Ofoegbu and Onuoha (1991), using geophysical data, concluded that the evolution of the Benue Trough involved asthenospheric updoming, crustal thining and stretching, block faulting, and emplacement of igneous bodies.
http://www.prestarticles.com/comparison-geotechnical-properties-crushed-shales-southeastern-nigeria/

I just noticed that badoo is as good as 2go, just that badoo is far better, met most of my online pals here....... learn how to join here - http://www.prestnaija.com/www-badoo-com-download-badoo-on-android-login-sign-up-messenger/

www.Badoo.com –Download Badoo on Android, Login, Sign Up Messenger

www.Badoo.com – New Login And Sign Up System, Download Badoo Messenger – Badoo is a recognised international chatting site that has over 200 million users across the globe. Just like any other social media or chatting site, badoo.com has strived to remain relevant amongst the young ones since their main patronage comes from them.

However, to gain access to this network you will have to log onto the badoo’s website which is www.Badoo.com, this is to be able to download Badoo and then Sign Up like other users. It is important to know that to Download this app for Chat users must visit www.badoo.com to enjoy the goodness of badoo.com.

Also Note that Contrary to the known slang as used by popular Nigerian music star Olamide “badoo” it is in no where related to the original chatting site www.badoo.com. Many even thought that badoo in its self was a bad app as used by the Nigerian artist Olamide badoo.
http://www.prestnaija.com/www-badoo-com-download-badoo-on-android-login-sign-up-messenger/

MTN Nigeria has been in the forefront of telecommunication in Nigeria since early 2000’s. Recently the activity of the telecommunication giant has been put to question as they were penalised by the Nigerian Communications Commission last week. The NCC gave MTN Nigeria a penalty of N1.4 trillion as the communication company failed to disconnect those customers who has unregistered SIM cards.

MTN Nigeria has argued that the fine against them was too extreme, yet the company has continued to engage regulator deliberating on how they can resolve the issue.
http://www.prestnaija.com/mtn-nigeria-has-been-fined-n1-4trn-penalty/

Nursing Profession: The Challenges To Its Sustainable Development In Nigeria

Culled from Jinadu, M.K (2014). A key note address, Nursing is one of the health care profession in Nigeria. In Nigeria, nursing practice, nursing education and nursing research are faced by certain issues and challenges.

According to Jinadu, M.K (2014) he achor the theoretical underpinning of his address on the issue of power and empowerment in Nursing as the primary concern of related concern the issue of boundary of nursing professional practice.

The reason for this as we know is quite obvious. Our concerns about nursing as a profession, particularly in Nigeria have always revolved around the degree or amount of power that nurses have over their profession, compared with other health care professionals. This concern arises from a common observation that nurses are often ineffective and powerless within the health care delivery system and organizations in which they work. They are usually at the bottom of the pecking order. More specifically, policy decisions concerning nursing job situations are often taken without their involvement. When they are involved, their opinions/views rarely count on major issues. As a result of their powerlessness, there are often dissatisfied with their jobs; they suffer from burnt-out syndrome, and a good number of them leave the profession for more prestigious jobs or greener pastures.

http://www.prestarticles.com/nursing-profession-challenges-sustainable-development-nigeria/


The Nollywood image of a nurse which portrays her as a handmaid or servant of a doctor reinforces this powerlessness in the eyes of the public. Concerns over the boundary of nursing have always been on issues regarding the eroachment into nursing functions by other health professionals and the needs to expand nursing functions.

http://www.prestarticles.com/importance-cleanliness-case-study-soaps-detergents/

http://www.prestarticles.com/nutritional-assessment-wild-farmed-tilapia-zilli/

Computer software has made the workings of today business easier, unlike way back when manual operation drag things expecially office work, Computer makes data analysis a piece of cake
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The reliability of men on this computer software has encouraged more work, but failure of these machines could as well be fatal http://www.prestarticles.com/reliability-models-computer-system-probability-failure-system-protective-barriers/

The solar energy enjoyed today is been programmed by a computer software that makes its workability a reality http://www.prestarticles.com/effect-solar-radiation-telecommunication/

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Downloading Whatsapp is Free and the messenger is easy to use as it could be downloaded on platforms like Apple device, Samsung, Nokia phones and other higher JAVA (OS) Operation Systems, this devices includes ipads and Personal Computers like the laptops etc.

http://www.prestnaija.com/free-whatsapp-download-on-android-blackberry-samsung-and-nokia-device/

Downloading this application depends on the Operating system of your phone that apply, simply follow the Whatsapp messenger link on the devices you want to download whatsapp, See how to download the app -

http://www.prestnaija.com/free-whatsapp-download-on-android-blackberry-samsung-and-nokia-device/