omojie:
1. why are igbo people so propagadish , they wont let the ika people be ? ika has rejected igbo long ago and i dont know why they are just bodering themselves , during the civil war , when igbos claimed ika was part of igbo , the ika people rejected them , and so if the chips are down ,majority of ika people know where they belong to and they know they are not igbo .
2. ika people have two languages that is ika -which is a hybrid of edo and igbo with some yoruba and indigenous words added to it , and ozara which is edoid.
3. ika language is dinstinct from igbo , and benin , its is not standard igbo nor is it standard benin , it is a language with 6 to seven dialects . that is why by next year the college of education in agbor will start a department called ika language department, the new testament has been concluded using ika language and the ika dictionary will soon be out .
4. ika ancestors came from several places including benin, ishan, ora, igbo, ndokwa, oshimili, and other areas .
5. ika people sometimes have both first and surnames being benin names such as -------
a. osabor idunorba
b. ikpanmiose igbedion
c. olaye- owabor
and we also have ika people with igbo names as first name and benin names as surnames such as ---------
a. nduka obaigbena
b. nduka irabor
c. ifeanyi eboigbe and others ,
and we also have ika people with english first names and edo surnames such ---
a. steve iwerebor
b. steve omojafor
c. tony omordia .
so that settles the name issue but i bet you that ika people have majority with edo surnames . so are they now edos or because some of them have igbo names , then they are now igbos ? the truth is that we are ika people , we are neither benin nor igbos .
4. in 1930 , bennis told the british that ika people are benins , but we rejected and told the british that ika is not part of any ethnic group in nigeria . and in 1967 , igbos claimed ika and we still rejected and set it right .so there is no way ika can be igbo ,
5. as for culture , ika culture is predominantly edoic , with little part that is from igbo land ,let me give you a list of some of our culture and then you can tell us whether it is igbo or edo culture?-------------------
a. our kingship is from father to son with edaiken as crown prince and we use the uselu style in crwoning our kings .
b. we have three levels of chiefs ,1. palace chiefs, 2. town chiefs and 3. hereditory chiefs.
c. our villages are divided into ebon, idumu and ogbe.
d. our ancestors believed in oselobue as supreme God and ehi as guardian spirit of man .
e. we believe that olokun is the son of God .
f. if a man dies he goes to orinmin -the heavenly world .
g. we believe there are many gods who asisst oselobue such as idigun-god of iron, ohunmweeden, ovia, aja, mkpitimen-god of thunder, araba-god of peace , ali, ikpai and others .
h. we believe that idinwina spirits assist in maintaining other amongst the women folks and forces of nature .
i. we believed in satan called ojuwu and ighionghai as evil spirit.
j. we beieved that our kings are semi-divine and descendants of olokun .
k. we as ika people believed that igue and ibiewere festival is done every year to signify the end of the year and the obi is greeted --- iselogbe .
l. we also perform the iwagi festival to celebrate new yam .

6. the chieftancy titles in ika mostly go by edo names but we also have few that are along the igbo lines and they are recent titles and they dont carry much significance , while the important titles are from the edo lines .

7. let me say that ika language is a distinct language in that , its a hybrid of both edo and igbo languages and as such it would be very absurd for igbos to claim ika is igbo language , even if it is listed as igboid language , it is still different from igbo , it is an ethnicity and language of its own , just like itsekiri can sometimes be said to be yoruboid , but itsekiiri is a seperate ethnic group and language , isoko, uhrobo are said to be edoid , but they are different tribes from benin and they are also distinct languages .but i wonder why igbos cannot exercise the same maturity yorubas and benins use , while not shouting that this is edo and this is this ?
8. ogen edei oku hun ri ari , oku hun le oselobue ri , oku ahun wu ukpe ihian ile ,ukpe ni bia da shia eri banyeni oselobue ,uwe ile , nu eri ukpe ni , ke wen utormin le ndun itebite. this is an example of the ika spoken in owa , we have many other ika dialect , I WILL LIKE AN IGBO PERSON TO INTERPRETE THIS INTO ENGLISH , LETS SEE HOW MUCH YOU KNOW OF IKA ?
finally ika has never in history been an appendage of any tribe whether igbo or benin , we are just ika ethnic group and we will like to be respected like that .and that is why up till date , there is no prominent ika person in ohaneze ndigbo but ika people belong to ogua/onu ika. we acknowledge the migrations of both edo and igbo and others into ika , but as of today we are ika people

Your correct ..you just mentioned the name of edo migrants the way Santos in Lagos is name of Brazilian migrants

But wait do ika speak benin or igboid dialect

tonychristopher:


Your correct ..you just mentioned the name of edo migrants the way Santos in Lagos is name of Brazilian migrants

But wait do ika speak benin or igboid dialect

My brother just let this guys be as their opinion means absolutely nothing.
Their leaders knows where they belong and that is what matters.Challenging these deniers from one thread to another doesn't make sense in my opinion.

omojie:
1. why are igbo people so propagadish , they wont let the ika people be ? ika has rejected igbo long ago and i dont know why they are just bodering themselves , during the civil war , when igbos claimed ika was part of igbo , the ika people rejected them , and so if the chips are down ,majority of ika people know where they belong to and they know they are not igbo .
2. ika people have two languages that is ika -which is a hybrid of edo and igbo with some yoruba and indigenous words added to it , and ozara which is edoid.
3. ika language is dinstinct from igbo , and benin , its is not standard igbo nor is it standard benin , it is a language with 6 to seven dialects . that is why by next year the college of education in agbor will start a department called ika language department, the new testament has been concluded using ika language and the ika dictionary will soon be out .
4. ika ancestors came from several places including benin, ishan, ora, igbo, ndokwa, oshimili, and other areas .
5. ika people sometimes have both first and surnames being benin names such as -------
a. osabor idunorba
b. ikpanmiose igbedion
c. olaye- owabor
and we also have ika people with igbo names as first name and benin names as surnames such as ---------
a. nduka obaigbena
b. nduka irabor
c. ifeanyi eboigbe and others ,
and we also have ika people with english first names and edo surnames such ---
a. steve iwerebor
b. steve omojafor
c. tony omordia .
so that settles the name issue but i bet you that ika people have majority with edo surnames . so are they now edos or because some of them have igbo names , then they are now igbos ? the truth is that we are ika people , we are neither benin nor igbos .
4. in 1930 , bennis told the british that ika people are benins , but we rejected and told the british that ika is not part of any ethnic group in nigeria . and in 1967 , igbos claimed ika and we still rejected and set it right .so there is no way ika can be igbo ,
5. as for culture , ika culture is predominantly edoic , with little part that is from igbo land ,let me give you a list of some of our culture and then you can tell us whether it is igbo or edo culture?-------------------
a. our kingship is from father to son with edaiken as crown prince and we use the uselu style in crwoning our kings .
b. we have three levels of chiefs ,1. palace chiefs, 2. town chiefs and 3. hereditory chiefs.
c. our villages are divided into ebon, idumu and ogbe.
d. our ancestors believed in oselobue as supreme God and ehi as guardian spirit of man .
e. we believe that olokun is the son of God .
f. if a man dies he goes to orinmin -the heavenly world .
g. we believe there are many gods who asisst oselobue such as idigun-god of iron, ohunmweeden, ovia, aja, mkpitimen-god of thunder, araba-god of peace , ali, ikpai and others .
h. we believe that idinwina spirits assist in maintaining other amongst the women folks and forces of nature .
i. we believed in satan called ojuwu and ighionghai as evil spirit.
j. we beieved that our kings are semi-divine and descendants of olokun .
k. we as ika people believed that igue and ibiewere festival is done every year to signify the end of the year and the obi is greeted --- iselogbe .
l. we also perform the iwagi festival to celebrate new yam .

6. the chieftancy titles in ika mostly go by edo names but we also have few that are along the igbo lines and they are recent titles and they dont carry much significance , while the important titles are from the edo lines .

7. let me say that ika language is a distinct language in that , its a hybrid of both edo and igbo languages and as such it would be very absurd for igbos to claim ika is igbo language , even if it is listed as igboid language , it is still different from igbo , it is an ethnicity and language of its own , just like itsekiri can sometimes be said to be yoruboid , but itsekiiri is a seperate ethnic group and language , isoko, uhrobo are said to be edoid , but they are different tribes from benin and they are also distinct languages .but i wonder why igbos cannot exercise the same maturity yorubas and benins use , while not shouting that this is edo and this is this ?
8. ogen edei oku hun ri ari , oku hun le oselobue ri , oku ahun wu ukpe ihian ile ,ukpe ni bia da shia eri banyeni oselobue ,uwe ile , nu eri ukpe ni , ke wen utormin le ndun itebite. this is an example of the ika spoken in owa , we have many other ika dialect , I WILL LIKE AN IGBO PERSON TO INTERPRETE THIS INTO ENGLISH , LETS SEE HOW MUCH YOU KNOW OF IKA ?
finally ika has never in history been an appendage of any tribe whether igbo or benin , we are just ika ethnic group and we will like to be respected like that .and that is why up till date , there is no prominent ika person in ohaneze ndigbo but ika people belong to ogua/onu ika. we acknowledge the migrations of both edo and igbo and others into ika , but as of today we are ika people

Hahahaha....you reek of deeeeeeeeeeeep inferiority complex!
Just like all your deluded and lying elders! Yep I said it.
Same old self-deceiving trick of highlighting Bini words, practices and influences, while forgetting over 80% of what you
show to the world is clearly Igbo.
You cleverly leave out the fact that the names most Ikas bear ARE PREDOMINANTLY IGBO NAMES like Ifeanyi, Amaka, Emeka etc.

You see, I have studied enough of the languages and dialects in the East to know that they are very very diverse.
I actually thought I could pick out Igbo words until I heard Aguleri and Nsukka people talk, or maybe you have not heard Ebonyi folks talk.
I'm sure you would agree that those people can claim not to be Igbo if you hear them talk.
Informed people tell me the Igbo spoken in Anioma is by far closer to Central Igbo than the Igbo spoken in Imo state!
So what gives? How come?

Why are you folks so pained over this Igbo issue?
Generation after generation you hold on to Igbo language, Igbo traditions...while pretending to be Bini people.
I'm not even going to bother telling you what the Binis think about you lots.
Its confusing really.
And why the Bini obsession? What's up with the whole fascination with everything Bini?
If you have Bini influences in your kingship traditions and socio-cultural setup...does that make you Bini people?
Bini is just a stone throw from Ika and borders Ika land. You should never had anything Igbo in your midst
if you are truly sons of Bini princes...that would be a disgrace to the ancient Bini empire.
At the least Bini migrants should be speaking an EDO DIALECT like the Afenmais and Ishans.
No Edo speakers have anything Igbo in their language or culture. Prove me wrong.
Even the Eletu Odibos, the Obanikoros, the Elekos in Lagos can trace their family tree name by name, generation by generation
to even the family compound in Bini.
There is no hidden history or controversy about origins unlike you messed up pretenders.

Here you are a proud Bini man telling the world you speak a hybrid of edo and igbo!!.
What happened to your great and superior Bini tongue? You left it for the inferior and rejected Igbo language?
A proud edoic people practicing iwa gi/ji? Wetin na? Are Igbos that powerful?
Like seriously, your great and mighty and superior Bini traditions gave way to inferior Igbo cultures?
On one hand you fought against Bini hegemony and have a long history of rebellion against the Obas of Bini,
on the other hand you are actually Bini people...who came from Bini...but somehow speak an Igbo dialect, bear Igbo name and all that!
One Ika writer even was shameless enough to attribute it to "language dynamics"!! Haba!!
What are we to believe? Are you folks so ashamed of your obvious Igbo ancestors?

Lets take a look at the names of Ikas two current famous faces, the CBN governor and Delta state governor.
What is Bini about Ifeanyi Emefiele or Ifeanyi Okowa? Are they not proud Bini Ikas any more?
Why are they bearing Igbo names? Out of fear of the Igbos or maybe the Igbos forced their fathers to adopt
those names after they traded at the Afor or Eke market day at Umunede or Agbor?
What is the meaning of Emefiele in Edo? Okowa you know means "man from Owa"...where is the Bini in that?
Go ahead and tell me they are not "real" Ikas.
Or Okowa is actually "Okhiowa" like some claim EzeChima is actually "Ikhime".
You niqqas are just pathetic.

Its one of 3 things....
1) Ikas are a Bini people who migrated from Bini but met Igbo people on ground and over time acculturated and now speak a mixture
of Igbo and Bini.
2) Ikas are Igbos who migrated from Igbo mainland but met Bini people on ground and over time acculturated and now speak a mixture
of Igbo and Bini.
3) Ikas are made up of a mixture of Igbos and Bini people who migrated to Ika land at different times and over time borrowed from each other's culture and language and now speak a mixture of Igbo and Bini.


Be aware of the following though...

[b]If you pick 3...that means the Igbos were the natives and hosts to the Bini migrants cos your spoken language is PREDOMINANTLY an IGBO dialect. The core Igbo roots across Anioma is still very strong TILL TODAY! And that also means the Bini migrants in Ika are a very very
small minority who acculturated quickly and just retained some Bini surnames like Iwerebor, Edobor, Obaigbena etc.

If you pick 2...that means you are just Igbo people who were influenced by Bini socio-cultural practices. Cos all of those Bini style ish
you guys have is JUST BORROWED. You know, Bini people know, everybody knows it...so don't go there.

If you pick 1...your entire argument and claims then is ENTIRE VOID AND NULL...cos history defeats your claims till tomorrow.

If you didn't pick any...and claim that the language Ika people speak is just "similar" to Igbo because of trans-Atlantic Afor market day trading
going on between the hinterland inferior Igbos and the superior Bini Ikas,
then you truly deserve my apologies for dissing you...as your case of delusion and inferiority complex needs help.[/b]



Your call.

please Mr Igbo translate the ika language that i wrote in my article and from what you wrote iwu ozuor le obolo, that's what u are.
2. ika people know who they are and we have decided that long ago ,if you like continue to fool your self .
3. ika people have never claimed to be benins but we acknowledged our blood line with them and we also have blood line with igbos but i think many igbos are still suffering from i know it all syndrome and that is the reason why they always run into trouble with their neighbours and they also lack respect for others , or how can you sit in your villages or harmlet that Europeans helped to build and tell an ika man who his farher is ?
4. igbos should thank europeans for forming the igbo ethnicity , the igbo ethnic group did not exist 250 years ago ? and for your informAtion it was not formed by God but by british who brought some people together under igbo ethnicity.
5. rhe yorubas claim oduduwa as their ancestor please tell me who is the ancestor of the igbo? they dont have one ancestor , the only thing they have is ,it seems this town is speaking a close language then they are igbos ,what a sad situation , rhats why they speak with different voices on critical issues
6. igbos can pretend that they dont know that ika people bear benin names or what a nation filled with propaganda , let me tell you majority of ika people have benin surnames.even if an ika is ifeanyin okafor .if you trace his grand father or great grand farhers name it will be an edo name
7. are you not aware that the owner of zenith bank ,jim ovia is ika with a benin name ,? are you not aware that the owner of thisday newspaper is nduka obaigbena and obaugbena is an edo surname , while first name nduka is igbo ,are you not aware of ehiabor osaigbovour , or steven osagie the obi of akumazi is an ika with benin name or Dr emmanuel efeizomor is obi of owA.,he has a benin name .but it seems you can only see when an ika man is okafor ibe .that means you are blind to reality.
8. right now history is history and we are aware of how people migrated into ika from both edo and igbo areas but we are ika ethnic group ,different from igbo or benin.the igbo people should show maturity and respect ikas for who they are , instead of their dumb arguwment that ika is igbo.
itsekiri speak a language close to yoruba ,isoko is close to uhrobo language , ishan is close to benin language yet benins dont shout thar ishan is benin , neithet do yorubas shour that itsekiris are yorubas and uhrobos dont shout that isokos are uheobos just on the account that their languages are sumilar, i dont know why most igbos cant show this kind of matured attitude ?
finally mr igbo ,am still waiting for to translate ogen edei oku hun ri a ri. pls translate it , dont run away frim it and also tell me the words that are igbo and those that are not ?
?

omojie:
please Mr Igbo translate the ika language that i wrote in my article and from what you wrote iwu ozuor le obolo, that's what u are.
2. ika people know who they are and we have decided that long ago ,if you like continue to fool your self .
3. ika people have never claimed to be benins but we acknowledged our blood line with them and we also have blood line with igbos but i think many igbos are still suffering from i know it all syndrome and that is the reason why they always run into trouble with their neighbours and they also lack respect for others , or how can you sit in your villages or harmlet that Europeans helped to build and tell an ika man who his farher is ?
4. igbos should thank europeans for forming the igbo ethnicity , the igbo ethnic group did not exist 250 years ago ? and for your informAtion it was not formed by God but by british who brought some people together under igbo ethnicity.
5. rhe yorubas claim oduduwa as their ancestor please tell me who is the ancestor of the igbo? they dont have one ancestor , the only thing they have is ,it seems this town is speaking a close language then they are igbos ,what a sad situation , rhats why they speak with different voices on critical issues
6. igbos can pretend that they dont know that ika people bear benin names or what a nation filled with propaganda , let me tell you majority of ika people have benin surnames.even if an ika is ifeanyin okafor .if you trace his grand father or great grand farhers name it will be an edo name
7. are you not aware that the owner of zenith bank ,jim ovia is ika with a benin name ,? are you not aware that the owner of thisday newspaper is nduka obaigbena and obaugbena is an edo surname , while first name nduka is igbo ,are you not aware of ehiabor osaigbovour , or steven osagie the obi of akumazi is an ika with benin name or Dr emmanuel efeizomor is obi of owA.,he has a benin name .but it seems you can only see when an ika man is okafor ibe .that means you are blind to reality.
8. right now history is history and we are aware of how people migrated into ika from both edo and igbo areas but we are ika ethnic group ,different from igbo or benin.the igbo people should show maturity and respect ikas for who they are , instead of their dumb arguwment that ika is igbo.
itsekiri speak a language close to yoruba ,isoko is close to uhrobo language , ishan is close to benin language yet benins dont shout thar ishan is benin , neithet do yorubas shour that itsekiris are yorubas and uhrobos dont shout that isokos are uheobos just on the account that their languages are sumilar, i dont know why most igbos cant show this kind of matured attitude ?
finally mr igbo ,am still waiting for to translate ogen edei oku hun ri a ri. pls translate it , dont run away frim it and also tell me the words that are igbo and those that are not ?
?

Pained much? Hahahahaha
It appears you are not very intelligent.
I do not have to be Igbo to discuss Nigerian history...neither do I have to be Ika/Anioma/Igbo to join in the discussion.
I'm just very interested in this particular history...its rather intriguing observing the claims and counter claims from both sides.

Anyway, you avoided my questions...why?
Why should I answer your questions first?
If Ikas are Binis or Igbos or Fulanis...it adds no drop to the ocean.
The sun will still rise tomorrow...so quit your self-flattery...you are not that important.
And I dont think anybody is CLAIMING anything, or other people for that matter.
You give the impression that the Igbos want to take over Ika land and chase you people out, or maybe
by claiming Ika land, they will suddenly claim all the diamonds, gold, silver and crude oil in Ika land.
I am quite conversant with Eastern Nigeria to know the Owerri people do not encroach on the lands of the Orlus or Okigwes.
I also know the Onitsha people do not claim the Idemilis or Nris. Same goes for the Abribas, Ohafias and Aros.
They all generally mind their business and recognize they all share a common heritage under the Igbo umbrella.
Where you folks got the idea that pointing out that Ikas speak an Igbo dialect and practice Igbo customs...is equivalent to
Igbos CLAIMING Ika...is just silly and childish.
You are the ones creating all the confusion. Why are you Bini people still having Igbo stuff in your midst?

The really interesting part of this story is that the Binis totally ignore both you Ikas and the Igbos.
They have never acknowledged your mythological kinship with them.
Maybe your Ika elders have forgotten that part of your history...that the Binis know exactly who you folks are.
If you are Bini migrants....they know. If you are Igbo people...they also know.
And not just the Binis...but the Igbos also have been dealing with you folks before the colonial masters.
They know the language they use in communicating with you.
They too know exactly who you are and where you come from...I hope you remember that.
Its like your childhood friend who grew up with you till you became a man suddenly claiming he grew up in Russia.
You'd call him out real quick.

You folks should take a chill pill and quit with the inferiority complex. Its sickening.
And lest I forget...

omojie:

iwu ozuor le obolo
?

...is pure Owerri dialect. Bet ya didnt know that. Atleast I know the "ibu" and "iwu" differences.
And I know the folks in Asaba going down would have used "ibu ozuor".
Question to you folks still remains....how come?

Meanwhile...@ozuor & obolo...back at ya.
Peace bro.

Ika.....ikwere.........Anioma.......are not ibos n can never be....

I have ika friends who are proudly Igbo. my lecturer in my campus days is agbor and she proudly asserts her igboness. so damn the op and his ilks.

rexbuton:
Idumuesah clan

Idumuesah shares boundary with Ute-Okpu clan in the east, in west and south west by Abavo clan and Owa clan in the north. Idumuesah was founded by a group of people that migrated from Ugboha in Ishan, north of Ika community (Forde and Jones 1967; Whiting 1936). Whiting (1936: 22) states that "It is uncertain whether they came to their first settlement in what is known as the Agbo bush between Oyibu and Aliro before or after Odogu". He stated that Ibile, one of the founders, is said to have come from Ugboha in Ishan Division and to have joined with Abu from Aboh in Kwale District in settling in the Agbo bush. Oje and Ilor came from Uromi in Ishan Division and joined them (Whiting 1936). Idumuesah consists of four villages, which may once have been quarters (Idumu):

1. Iliobome
2. Aliobo
3. Alioje
4. Alilor

It should be known that the name Idumuesa means seven quarters (Idumus) but the above list of current villages shows only four villages. It is claimed that, "the other three which were said to have been very small, have returned to their home towns in other districts" (Whiting 1936: 24). This is the fact that proves Whiting is totally wrong.. Idumuesa is a corruption of idumwun-esan which means esan quarters i.e. the ishan quarters which is a pointer to their origins
Whiting (1936) stated in his report that Owa claimed that Idumuesah served the Obi of Owa (Obi Ise) and revolted later but Idumuesah denied this. But the people of Idumuesah, for some controversial reasons, left their first settlement for their present site, which is south east of Oyibu but, according to Whiting, "they are unable to say why they left their old settlement" (1936: 23) Considering the time frame it may not be unconnected to a series of Ishan migrations out of benin in the mid centuries

Mbiri clan

Mbiri clan lies in the north east of Agbor clan and off the Lagos-Benin-Onitsha highway. Mbiri's oral tradition claims that Arun who migrated from Iwaisi, or the native doctor's quarter in Benin founded Mbiri. Arun, a hunter, reached the present site of Mbiri on one of his hunting expeditions and settled down there. Mbiri's oral tradition also claims that Arun had four sons three of whom were responsible for the founding of the following towns: Ewuhimi, Mbiri and Igbanke. The fourth son is claimed to have returned to Benin (Intelligence report 1932).
Mbiri adopted the monarchical system, based on Benin tradition, found in most Ika clans. According to Intelligence report (1932), "1n 1915 the Mbiris attempted to put themselves directly under the Oba of Benin, and sent a large sum of money to the Oba to gain this end. It is obvious that it was at this time that the present Chief went to Benin and received the title of Obi from the Oba, along with the Ada, or ceremonial sword, which forms part of the regalia of this title. They were again visited by the district District Commissioner who told them that they were part of Agbor District and could not therefore come under Benin"(Intelligence report 1932: 10). The Mbiri clan has the same political system as other Ika clans.


Umunede clan

Umunede occupies a strategic location along the Lagos-Benin-Onitsha highway. Umunede shares its borders with Agbor clan in the east, Igbodo in the north, Akumazi in the east, Otolokpo and Owa clans in the south. There are four villages (ogbe) in Umunede:

1. Ogbe Obi
2. Idumuilege
3. Idumugba
4. Idumuile

Although there of the villages above still retain the idumu (quarter) prefix in their names they are villages. These are perhaps some examples of quarters expanding in size and then forming villages.

Umunede's oral tradition, like those of most of the Ika clans, traces their origin to Benin. However, Stanfield (1936: 1) states the following about his observations of the Umunede people:

From legend of their origin are of Bini descent, but in their language and social structure they resemble closely the Ibos of the Ogwashi and Uburukwu clans in the Asaba Division.

According to Stanfield (1939: cool, "there were no titles in Umunede until 1919 when the then Eze (named Niago) obtained an Ada from Eweka, Oba of Benin." This resulted in the first Obi title and the start of the monarchical system like those found in some of the Ika clans.

Otolokpo

Otolokpo shares borders with Umunede and Akumazi clans in the north, Ute-Ogbeje clan in the east, Ute-Okpu in the south and Owa and Umunede in the west. There are seven villages in Otolokpo:

1. Ogbe Obi
2. Idumu -Oji
3. Achala
4. Idumu-Okete
5. Idumu-Obome
6. Umuhu
7. Alugba

According to Stanfield (1936), Gbobo, from Benin founded all villages apart from Umuhu, formed by migrants from Agbor, and Alugba village formed by migrants from Ute-Ogbeje (Standfield 1936).

Akumazi and Igbodo clans

Akumazi clan shares borders with Umunede in the west, Igbodo in the north, Otolokpo in the South and the Anoicha speaking town of Obior in the east. They trace their origin to Benin from where their founder fled (Simpson 1936).

Igbodo occupies an area in the north east of the Ika North local government area. It share border with Akumazi in the south, Mbiri in the west, the Ishan groups in the North and the Anoicha groups in the east. Like many of the Ika clans, they trace their origin to Benin (Fordes and Jones 1967).

In summary, while Owa and Ute-Okpu, Ute-Ogbeje have their origin in both Igbo and Benin areas, Agbor, Abavo Ute-Ogbeje, Akumazi, Umunede, Igbodo and Mbiri trace their clans to a single source, Benin (Fordes and Jones 1967: 47). Idumuesah traces its origin to Ishan but there also are villages that may have been established by people of Ukwuani origin. While Otolokpo traces its origin to Benin there are also villages in Otolokpo that trace their origin to Agbor.

The relationship among all the Ika clans appear to be mainly in their Benin origin as well as a population shift, for various reasons, which resulted in movement or relocation of villages from one clan to another forming new allegiances as well retaining their former relationship with their origin.


OTHER Igbo- Bini hybrid speakers in the region

Igbanke clan

Igbanke clan is north of the Ika south local government area. It is located in Orhionmwon Local Government Area of Edo State. Orhionmwon Local government area, except for Igbanke, is mainly an Ishan language speaking area. Igbanke is made up of six villages (Osunde, 2000):

1. Ake
2. Igbontor
3. Ottah
4. Idumodin
5. Umolua
6. Oligie

All six villages speak the Ika language. Farmers from Ishan and Agbor villages who settled in this area, which is within Benin territory, founded the five original villages, namely Ake, Igbontor, Otta Idumodin and Umolua. Oligie village, the sixth village in the Igbanke clan, is claimed by Oligie people to have been founded by Ottor from Benin (Kerr, 1937; Simpson, n.d).

I got the above from a work by Onyeche Ifeanyi Joseph, PhD and make some relevant comments beside italicized errors

[size=15pt]As you may know, I am an Asaba man. Can you truthfully claim Agbor and Asaba people are one and the same people?

I believe you are not Ika at all, if not you will have known about the political awakening and assertive spirit of our people today in Nigeria.

Take off your thinly veiled mask, you are a Yoruba or an Edo man coming here to twist issues you know next to nothing about.

Your disguise to claim Ika is betrayed by your gross lack of knowledge about us, so stop your pretense. You are not fooling anyone.[/size]

1. you are avoiding the issue of translation , please mr igbo , translate that ika language for us the only word you know there is iwu , which can be likened to the igbo word ibu , but what is obolo and ozuor ? from which language did they come from ? please tell us ?
2. ika and asaba are not the same , we have different cultures and traditions, although because we live in same geo-political zone we share some things in common , and we are aniomas , thats the occomnality between ika and asaba?
3. ika has an ancient kingship starting from 12th century , asaba has a recent kingship , that is not to belittle the great kingdom of asaba .
4. ika has three levels of chiefs - town,palace and hereditory chiefs.
5. ika perfomes igue and ibiewere as the end of the year festival .
6. ika language is quite different from asaba language , ika language is called ika , while asaba speaks differently , although asaba language shares some semblance to ika but they are different and some ika people speak a different language called oza language .
7. as for your information get a book called a short history of benin , you will know what benins call ika people , they call us eka.
8. the benins have at a time in 1930 , laid claims to ika and we refused , then came the igos in 1967 , we also refused .
9. we dont need igbo people or any other person to tell us who we are , we are ika ethnic group and that is it .
10. ika is a great nation as you have seen our resilience in how we became governor of delta state , at a time , many people thought that delta north or an anioma cannot be governor .
11. an ika person is always proud of our heritage , of our royal blood , we are not subject to any body , even the great benin empire had lots of problems as our fore fatherswaged wars against them .
12. as of today we are ika ethnic group , different from igbo or benin.
13. the word igboid group , means languages that can be classified or related to that group, it does not mean ika is igbo. uhrobo and isoko are classified under edoid group of languages but it does not mean isoko is benin or edo , it only means their languages are some how similar to edo . itsekiri language can be classified as yoruboid , along with igala group but tsekiri and igala are different ethnic groups , different from yoruba .
14. the only places you will see some ika peolple who claim to be igbo are towards the borderline of ika in the eastern axis around igbodo and ekwuoma , but they will all claim to be from agbor , when you meet them outside of ika land , but you will never see a person from agbor, owa, umunede, abavo,akumazi, igbanke, idumu-esah, ute-okpu and others claiming to be igbo , they will tell you that they are ika people.that is why this minority could not sway our votes to support biafra during the civil war , as majority will always have their say .
finally , i advice any igbo person or their simpathysers not to come near ika with their igbo agenda as ika people are too independent for that none sense. ika is ika and igbo is igbo .

coolitempa:
Ika.....ikwere.........Anioma.......are not ibos n can never be....

How come most people here confuse y'all for Igbos? How come those from Asaba, some Ikas and some Ukwani people say they are Igbos? What about the Ikwerres - you bear Igbo names and have similar language but claim you aren't Igbos? Please, simply answer this question for me: why do other parts/sections of the country confuse y'all for Igbos? The same cannot be said of the Efik, Annang, Ibibio, Ijaws (I'm not saying they're Igbos oh before someone says I'm laying claim to a people knowing how Nairaland is) etc but the Ikas, Ikwerres and Aniomas. Bear in mind that the Igbos do not force their identity on the above but the above keep denying it. Why is that?

PabloAfricanus, I want to make reference to a post you made about Ojukwu not including Delta state in Biafra. Please, where did you get the information from? Does it mean over the years, we have been fed lies about him wanting to take Delta state? Thanks.

rexbuton:
So historically, the Igbos have no claim whatsover to Ika..
there are striking similarities between Agbor words and bini's. for instance, ihogbe, ihaekpen quarters are extremely similar to ihogbe and ehaekpen quarters in present day benin.. The argument that the Ika language is similar to the Igbos is partially due to trade, migrations and cultural mixing considering the proximity of the areas . In fact, i believe that language is not a sufficient and fool-proof index to ascertain ethnic origin or cultural homogeneity/heterogeneity

The history of Agbor like other communities is based on oral tradition. Popular oral account of the community therefore traces its origin to Ogunagbon, the believed founder of Agbor who left Benin with his followers and first settled in Ominijie, located in present Agbor Nta (Emeka Esogbue, 2008). This makes Agbor Nta Agbor’s oldest settlement. One of his chiefs was to later settle in an area known as Agbon. The word “Agbon” means “Earth” or “Land”. Agbor remains the largest of Ika communities with close geographical location to Benin City. Its constant wars with Benin are well-known. This may have also accounted for its consideration as the “most politically and militarily powerful of all Ika clans as recorded by Chukwu Ebuka and Iwueze Awele Success. The wars which lasted until the 19th century may have also swelled the military prowess of the community and helped to make it a force to reckon with within the Ika nation (Simpson, 1936). There is therefore no doubt that within the period under study, Agbor remained the headache of the Benin Kingdom until the 18th century.

The Legendary Benin Historian, Joseph Egharevba dismissively presented Agbor as a Benin vassal whose Chief (Obi/Dein) was in constant rebellion against the Benin Kingdom to the extent that the Kingdom had to take steps to bring the situation under control. Egherevba gave account of how Oba Orhogbua authorized one of his generals, Agbon to restore peace at all cost. Agbon then captured Idigi territory which he renamed Agbon later corrupted to “Agbor”. The people of Agbor as a result of this development were compelled to maintain the hard sought loyalty to Benin but this was only short-lived as they again revolted this time during the reign of Oba Ovoramwen. As we were again told, Agbor was to be severely punished but for the 1897 conquest of Benin by the British forces and consequent capture of Oba Ovoramwen.

At what time did Agbor indigenes start answering Igbo names like Emeka and Chukwu Ebuka, having names of towns and villages as Agbor nta, Ali prefixes in. their villages names, Ekuku etc. Why is Agbor dialect mutually understandable to the. Ishiagu's, Akaeze's of Ebonyi and some Nsukka people. You wrote Bini phrases as Ika but that's not Ika, there was an Obi of Agbor before inferiority complex made you change it to Dein. And to sum it up in your write up, You rightly and deemed it fit to describe or is it call Ika "Proto Igbo - Bini". Now for your information, that your subgroup of Ika is close to Bini doesn't make you Bini. In Enugu State, Nsukka people behave more like their Benue neighbors, While in Anambra Northern they behave more like Igala, Also in Abia state Sub groups close to Cross river adopted Cross river culture, even in my mother's Clan "Arochukwu" they speak Efik, Ibibio, Ekoi and Igbo, they have Ekpe and Ekpo societies, they make use of Cross River Nsibidi sign language and have a Powerful monarchy similar in pattern as those of the Calabar areas. That doesn't make them Cross River people. You just exposed yourself that you are a foreigner in Agbor. The last time I checked Ika is not Edoid Culture/Language area but Igboid, so go back to Edoid since you are from there. Edoid doesn't include Igboid culture/language area. Teacher don't teach us rubbish!!!

omojie:
please Mr Igbo translate the ika language that i wrote in my article and from what you wrote iwu ozuor le obolo, that's what u are.
2. ika people know who they are and we have decided that long ago ,if you like continue to fool your self .
3. ika people have never claimed to be benins but we acknowledged our blood line with them and we also have blood line with igbos but i think many igbos are still suffering from i know it all syndrome and that is the reason why they always run into trouble with their neighbours and they also lack respect for others , or how can you sit in your villages or harmlet that Europeans helped to build and tell an ika man who his farher is ?
4. igbos should thank europeans for forming the igbo ethnicity , the igbo ethnic group did not exist 250 years ago ? and for your informAtion it was not formed by God but by british who brought some people together under igbo ethnicity.
5. rhe yorubas claim oduduwa as their ancestor please tell me who is the ancestor of the igbo? they dont have one ancestor , the only thing they have is ,it seems this town is speaking a close language then they are igbos ,what a sad situation , rhats why they speak with different voices on critical issues
6. igbos can pretend that they dont know that ika people bear benin names or what a nation filled with propaganda , let me tell you majority of ika people have benin surnames.even if an ika is ifeanyin okafor .if you trace his grand father or great grand farhers name it will be an edo name
7. are you not aware that the owner of zenith bank ,jim ovia is ika with a benin name ,? are you not aware that the owner of thisday newspaper is nduka obaigbena and obaugbena is an edo surname , while first name nduka is igbo ,are you not aware of ehiabor osaigbovour , or steven osagie the obi of akumazi is an ika with benin name or Dr emmanuel efeizomor is obi of owA.,he has a benin name .but it seems you can only see when an ika man is okafor ibe .that means you are blind to reality.
8. right now history is history and we are aware of how people migrated into ika from both edo and igbo areas but we are ika ethnic group ,different from igbo or benin.the igbo people should show maturity and respect ikas for who they are , instead of their dumb arguwment that ika is igbo.
itsekiri speak a language close to yoruba ,isoko is close to uhrobo language , ishan is close to benin language yet benins dont shout thar ishan is benin , neithet do yorubas shour that itsekiris are yorubas and uhrobos dont shout that isokos are uheobos just on the account that their languages are sumilar, i dont know why most igbos cant show this kind of matured attitude ?
finally mr igbo ,am still waiting for to translate ogen edei oku hun ri a ri. pls translate it , dont run away frim it and also tell me the words that are igbo and those that are not ?
?

You sound so foolish. Why don't you depend more on academic work, research, findings, quoted authorities. You are talking about oduduwa, which is a legend and folklore. Igbo origin is an academic work and more sophisticated than all these these your aimless, lazy unacademic stories of origin

omojie:
please Mr Igbo translate the ika language that i wrote in my article and from what you wrote iwu ozuor le obolo, that's what u are.
2. ika people know who they are and we have decided that long ago ,if you like continue to fool your self .
3. ika people have never claimed to be benins but we acknowledged our blood line with them and we also have blood line with igbos but i think many igbos are still suffering from i know it all syndrome and that is the reason why they always run into trouble with their neighbours and they also lack respect for others , or how can you sit in your villages or harmlet that Europeans helped to build and tell an ika man who his farher is ?
4. igbos should thank europeans for forming the igbo ethnicity , the igbo ethnic group did not exist 250 years ago ? and for your informAtion it was not formed by God but by british who brought some people together under igbo ethnicity.
5. rhe yorubas claim oduduwa as their ancestor please tell me who is the ancestor of the igbo? they dont have one ancestor , the only thing they have is ,it seems this town is speaking a close language then they are igbos ,what a sad situation , rhats why they speak with different voices on critical issues
6. igbos can pretend that they dont know that ika people bear benin names or what a nation filled with propaganda , let me tell you majority of ika people have benin surnames.even if an ika is ifeanyin okafor .if you trace his grand father or great grand farhers name it will be an edo name
7. are you not aware that the owner of zenith bank ,jim ovia is ika with a benin name ,? are you not aware that the owner of thisday newspaper is nduka obaigbena and obaugbena is an edo surname , while first name nduka is igbo ,are you not aware of ehiabor osaigbovour , or steven osagie the obi of akumazi is an ika with benin name or Dr emmanuel efeizomor is obi of owA.,he has a benin name .but it seems you can only see when an ika man is okafor ibe .that means you are blind to reality.
8. right now history is history and we are aware of how people migrated into ika from both edo and igbo areas but we are ika ethnic group ,different from igbo or benin.the igbo people should show maturity and respect ikas for who they are , instead of their dumb arguwment that ika is igbo.
itsekiri speak a language close to yoruba ,isoko is close to uhrobo language , ishan is close to benin language yet benins dont shout thar ishan is benin , neithet do yorubas shour that itsekiris are yorubas and uhrobos dont shout that isokos are uheobos just on the account that their languages are sumilar, i dont know why most igbos cant show this kind of matured attitude ?
finally mr igbo ,am still waiting for to translate ogen edei oku hun ri a ri. pls translate it , dont run away frim it and also tell me the words that are igbo and those that are not ?
?

Before the migrations you refer to recklessly, Ika area had been identified as Igbo culture area and not Edo culture area. Meaning it was Igboid before Edo elements started creeping in. Please stop writing Edo language and calking it Ika. You can't and will never rewrite the history of Igbo which has been studied , researched and documented word over. That you came from Edo to Igboland doesn't make the land you are Edoid. Researchers, Ethnologists and anthropologists have done their works on these. Sorry, there's nothing you can do to rewrite it despite your resentment, hate and denials. You are no authority. By the way, I did my Youth Service at Agbor, and I know there are several Nkwerre villages and settlements in Agbor. Please do more of academic work

omojie:
please Mr Igbo translate the ika language that i wrote in my article and from what you wrote iwu ozuor le obolo, that's what u are.
2. ika people know who they are and we have decided that long ago ,if you like continue to fool your self .
3. ika people have never claimed to be benins but we acknowledged our blood line with them and we also have blood line with igbos but i think many igbos are still suffering from i know it all syndrome and that is the reason why they always run into trouble with their neighbours and they also lack respect for others , or how can you sit in your villages or harmlet that Europeans helped to build and tell an ika man who his farher is ?
4. igbos should thank europeans for forming the igbo ethnicity , the igbo ethnic group did not exist 250 years ago ? and for your informAtion it was not formed by God but by british who brought some people together under igbo ethnicity.
5. rhe yorubas claim oduduwa as their ancestor please tell me who is the ancestor of the igbo? they dont have one ancestor , the only thing they have is ,it seems this town is speaking a close language then they are igbos ,what a sad situation , rhats why they speak with different voices on critical issues
6. igbos can pretend that they dont know that ika people bear benin names or what a nation filled with propaganda , let me tell you majority of ika people have benin surnames.even if an ika is ifeanyin okafor .if you trace his grand father or great grand farhers name it will be an edo name
7. are you not aware that the owner of zenith bank ,jim ovia is ika with a benin name ,? are you not aware that the owner of thisday newspaper is nduka obaigbena and obaugbena is an edo surname , while first name nduka is igbo ,are you not aware of ehiabor osaigbovour , or steven osagie the obi of akumazi is an ika with benin name or Dr emmanuel efeizomor is obi of owA.,he has a benin name .but it seems you can only see when an ika man is okafor ibe .that means you are blind to reality.
8. right now history is history and we are aware of how people migrated into ika from both edo and igbo areas but we are ika ethnic group ,different from igbo or benin.the igbo people should show maturity and respect ikas for who they are , instead of their dumb arguwment that ika is igbo.
itsekiri speak a language close to yoruba ,isoko is close to uhrobo language , ishan is close to benin language yet benins dont shout thar ishan is benin , neithet do yorubas shour that itsekiris are yorubas and uhrobos dont shout that isokos are uheobos just on the account that their languages are sumilar, i dont know why most igbos cant show this kind of matured attitude ?
finally mr igbo ,am still waiting for to translate ogen edei oku hun ri a ri. pls translate it , dont run away frim it and also tell me the words that are igbo and those that are not ?
?

So which ethnic group was in Igboland before the 250 years ago, and where did the Igbo who you said migrated to agbor come from and what date? Remember we are making do with the 250 years you were claiming as if you were born then and alive then, talking with ignorant daft authority. So God did not create Igbo land but the British. So who created Yoruba, Edo, Hausa, Fulani? God or mornarchs? Who created England, God or the Romans? You see how stupid and lousy, loose and gaga you can go to vomit unintellectual gabbages

SUNNYsparkle:


So which ethnic group was in Igboland before the 250 years ago, and where did the Igbo who you said migrated to agbor come from and what date? Remember we are making do with the 250 years you were claiming as if you were born then and alive then, talking with ignorant daft authority. So God did not create Igbo land but the British. So who created Yoruba, Edo, Hausa, Fulani? God or mornarchs? Who created England, God or the Romans? You see how stupid and lousy, loose and gaga you can go to vomit unintellectual gabbages

You just revived a dead thread quoting everybody and saying nonsense. He wrote ika language but as an average igbo man, you'll say he wrote Edo because you don't understand it.

chukzyblingz:
You just revived a dead thread quoting everybody and saying nonsense. He wrote ika language but as an average igbo man, you'll say he wrote Edo because you don't understand it.

If you insist he wrote ika dialect which I can't understand, then that's the same way, an Aguleri man or Nsukka man or Abiriba man or Egbema man or Ndoki man, or Ezaa man or Afikpo man or Akaeze man or Arochukwu man will write his own dialect and I will not also understand. Actually, you contributed nothing apart from depicting a horrendous, notorious of cyclical haggard and uncoordinated case of academic dementia

chukzyblingz:
You just revived a dead thread quoting everybody and saying nonsense. He wrote ika language but as an average igbo man, you'll say he wrote Edo because you don't understand it.

If you insist he wrote ika dialect which I can't understand, then that's the same way, an Aguleri man or Nsukka man or Abiriba man or Egbema man or Ndoki man, or Ezaa man or Afikpo man or Akaeze man or Arochukwu man will write his own dialect and I will not also understand. Actually, you contributed nothing apart from depicting a horrendous, notorious cyclical haggard and uncoordinated case of academic dementia. Arrant rubbish!!!

rexbuton:

This is similar to saying China should redraw her map to include all the Chinatowns all over the world.. Does that even make sense?

so y did u opine that ojukwu did nt add anioma /ika in his map?

SUNNYsparkle:
At what time did Agbor indigenes start answering Igbo names like Emeka and Chukwu Ebuka, having names of towns and villages as Agbor nta, Ali prefixes in. their villages names, Ekuku etc. Why is Agbor dialect mutually understandable to the. Ishiagu's, Akaeze's of Ebonyi and some Nsukka people. You wrote Bini phrases as Ika but that's not Ika, there was an Obi of Agbor before inferiority complex made you change it to Dein. And to sum it up in your write up, You rightly and deemed it fit to describe or is it call Ika "Proto Igbo - Bini". Now for your information, that your subgroup of Ika is close to Bini doesn't make you Bini. In Enugu State, Nsukka people behave more like their Benue neighbors, While in Anambra Northern they behave more like Igala, Also in Abia state Sub groups close to Cross river adopted Cross river culture, even in my mother's Clan "Arochukwu" they speak Efik, Ibibio, Ekoi and Igbo, they have Ekpe and Ekpo societies, they make use of Cross River Nsibidi sign language and have a Powerful monarchy similar in pattern as those of the Calabar areas. That doesn't make them Cross River people. You just exposed yourself that you are a foreigner in Agbor. The last time I checked Ika is not Edoid Culture/Language area but Igboid, so go back to Edoid since you are from there. Edoid doesn't include Igboid culture/language area. Teacher don't teach us rubbish!!!

@the bolded part... in Anambra North, there are distinct indigenous Igala communities that are NOT Igbo and yet they are full natives of Anambra. They do NOT behave like Igala, they are proudly Igala!! So free your mind!

laudate:


@the bolded part... in Anambra North, there are distinct indigenous Igala communities that are NOT Igbo and yet they are full natives of Anambra. They do NOT behave like Igala, they are proudly Igala!! So free your mind!

And this is supposed to be a new information?

Get out! Towns like Ossomala, Nzam, Obeagwe, etc are proud Igbos, yet with Igala influences, that's what the writer was alluding to.

Why is it that you cursed edoids can't stay off Igbo matters?

Igboid:
And this is supposed to be a new information?

Get out! Towns like Ossomala, Nzam, Obeagwe, etc are proud Igbos, yet with Igala influences, that's what the writer was alluding to.

Why is it that you cursed edoids can't stay off Igbo matters?

Where exactly did the previous poster mention Ossomala, Nzam, Obeagwe?? Point it out in black & white! And who are the cursed edoids that you are referring to? You must have been making reference to yourself! I forgot that cursed edoids was your middle name!

In Enugu State, Nsukka people behave more like their Benue neighbors, While in Anambra Northern they behave more like Igala,

Anambra North. Ossamala, Obeagwe, Nzam, etc are all in Anambra North and are all Igbo speaking towns with Igala influence.
They are the Igbos he was referring to.

laudate:


Where exactly did the previous poster mention Ossomala, Nzam, Obeagwe?? Point it out in black & white! And who are the cursed edoids that you are referring to? You must have been making reference to yourself! I forgot that cursed edoids was your middle name!

And where did he speak anything about the Igalas in the Anambra Kogi border? But you rushed to tell us about that, like we don't already know.

You Edoids should mind your own business and stay away from Igbo matters.

Igboid:
And where did he speak anything about the Igalas in the Anambra Kogi border? But you rushed to tell us about that, like we don't already know.

You Edoids should mind your own business and stay away from Igbo matters.

Stop chanting the word edoids like a broken record. We all know it is your middle name. The poster said Anambra North, and mentioned that the people who live there behave like Igalas.

He did not say anything about the specific towns you mentioned, but you had to rush in like a misguided train to insert stuff he did not even allude to, in order to feel important.

He never mentioned the Anambra-Kogi border either, he specifically said "Anambra North," get it??

And there are bonafide, indigenous Igala communities inside Anambra North. Hug a transformer, if the fact offends you too much, Mr. Edoid!!

laudate:


Stop chanting the word edoids like a broken record. We all know it is your middle name. The poster said Anambra North, and mentioned that the people who live there behave like Igalas.

He did not say anything about the specific towns you mentioned, but you had to rush in like a misguided train to insert stuff he did not even allude to, in order to feel important.

He never mentioned the Anambra-Kogi border either, he specifically said "Anambra North," get it??

And there are bonafide, indigenous Igala communities inside Anambra North. Hug a transformer, if the fact offends you too much, Mr. Edoid!!

You are another deluded Edoid.

"In Enugu State, Nsukka people behave more like their Benue neighbors, While in Anambra Northern they behave more like Igala, Also in Abia state Sub groups close to Cross river adopted Cross river culture, even in my mother's Clan "Arochukwu" they speak Efik, Ibibio, Ekoi and Igbo, they have Ekpe and Ekpo "

It's obvious that "they" the writer was referring to are Igbo speaking groups at the borders of Igboland territories with non Igbo speaking people, he gave examples of Nsukka and Aros.

Only a deluded Edoid would interpret his use of "they" in the case of Anambra North zone, to mean non Igbo speaking Igala settlements there, when it's obvious he was talking about Igbo speaking groups with Igala influence.

Igboid:
You are another deluded Edoid.

"In Enugu State, Nsukka people behave more like their Benue neighbors, While in Anambra Northern they behave more like Igala, Also in Abia state Sub groups close to Cross river adopted Cross river culture, even in my mother's Clan "Arochukwu" they speak Efik, Ibibio, Ekoi and Igbo, they have Ekpe and Ekpo "

It's obvious that "they" the writer was referring to are Igbo speaking groups at the borders of Igboland territories with non Igbo speaking people, he gave examples of Nsukka and Aros.

Only a deluded Edoid would interpret his use of "they" in the case of Anambra North zone, to mean non Igbo speaking Igala settlements there, when it's obvious he was talking about Igbo speaking groups with Igala influence.

Why do you keep referring to yourself as a deluded Edoid? Anyway, that's your problem, not mine. You want us to believe that you were inside the mind of the writer when he made that comment? Guy, your delusion knows no bounds. Why not let the writer himself clarify what he meant by using the term "they"? You just had to jump in to reveal your delusions and rabid hate. You are so pathetic!