So far so good , there is no meta analysis or systemic review that has shown the efficacy of African charms.

In my own opinion, African charms are over rated (no thanks to Nollywood/ Africa Magic) if all,there are effective.

dalaman:

When will they use their juju to better their lives and make Edo the economic hub of Africa.

This is a question I've always asked those that believe juju powers are real. How can we use this juju powers to make Nigeria better?

The day I asked the question for the first time was the only time anyone I've asked attempted at answering it

I was discussing with 2 men and 1 woman. their first reply was to warn me not to dare the powers of juju (they knew I'm an atheist). I replied that its not what my question implied and infact my question was built on the assumption that jujus are as powerful as they say they are. After a lot of running around the question without attempting to answer it the woman said that "Juju powers are made only to wrought destruction as its from the devil so it can never be used for good"

At that point I just nodded and changed the topic. I couldn't bring myself to challenge her thinking further at that time. This is a woman that believes all these world class bridges in developed countries are done in collaboration with marine juju powers. isn't that an example of "using juju for good" if its true that juju were involved in the constructions of those bridges? doesn't this point to the fact that she's compartmentalising?

It was then I noticed people believe all these juju stories due to a combination of fear, ignorance and indoctrination and would do anything to protect that belief

prolog2:
says the fool who went and called himself NPcomplete. I wasn't trying to impress by my knowledge of history, I was giving examples to illustrate my point. A fool who has just learnt the existence of maths logics won't understand this. Try formalizing category theory, then we can talk, fool.

Body just dey pain u. And u are trying to show off again. Frustrated möron. Stop giving stupid examples that do not address the thread or the point u are arguing against. I have never seen so much idiot in one person. Address the point with logic or hide your face in shame.

hopefulLandlord:


Can we have a civil discussion?

Dorox is asking where those charm juju black magic powers were when military weapons were used on the Benin people by their pink skinned slave masters

What do you say to that? I know you've said so many things but they're too emotionally ladened and bothers on insulting so what's your point exactly?

Civil what? Don't hold your breath. Someone that came into the thread the way he did is a lost cause. You cannot hope to have any civil discussion with a special kind of stupid like that. He is just going to keep thrashing about like a lunatic and not address the point.

vaxx:
Yes. Juju by nature is unexplainable. HopefuLanlord asked me a similar question which I intentionally avoided because The only objective evident fact is that it involves a force which is beyond human perception.

So it is both subjective opinions and objective facts based on evidence, which are separated.

The objective fact of the matter is that science is merely based on observation by human faculties; sight, hearing, smell, taste, touch and the interpretation of it according to a scientist's intellect.

To limit existence only to what is perceived is a fallacy. Science itself is not an objective absolute truth and it contradicts or disproves itself from time to time.In fact science will become boring if there is no more questions to ask..The world of metaphysical creatures is beyond the scope of science because man doesn not posses that ability .

The act of juju actually is rendered by a human being, the babalawo or whatever it is called in your native language .but How did he go about it? That is what we cannot empirically grasp....

But my answer is that, it is subject to one's beliefs. And the secular individual simply wouldn't know how. And i vaxx of course cannot see the creatures working for the babalawo .According to my own beliefs, i can subjectively deduce that there is extra assistance from mystical creature.. And can arrive at this conclusion to the exclusion of any other possibility. For example simple leaves had been use to heal orthopaedic patient in my own very eye in (Ile arogun) a local house where damaged bones are treated.how the leaves works , I don't know but it perfectly heal the broken leg back to normal. You can try and do the observation yourself. Visit Ile arogun close to you.

And as such, I will say juju can also be use for negativity.. Nigeria constitution recognize it and clearly gave a warning regarding it .although it is in objective sense. Therefore it will be logical if government protect society from them as it is done in some part of the world. Like Saudi Arabia and the rest.


Netozii

Wow Wow. I must take my hat off to you once again sir. What more can I say ?

I really admire the way you teach atheists who's minds are drenched in limited materialistic logic to climb out of the deep hole pseudo science dug for them.

Atheists falsely claim that they need evidence of the trancedental/supernatural, but those idiots won't go in search of REAL LIVE EVIDENCE. They shamelessly sit on one place and use fruadulent text books as their mosdramatiched evidence.

Your kind advice to Hopefullandlord to go see for himself, will be mocked by most low level atheists because they know that when even one of their deceived brethren go see real life evidence in ill Arogun, a dramatic shift in thinking starts immediately.

The real power of Atheism is based on pedantic bling bling language and mental gymnastics that only injure themselves.
Enlightened persons that have also been brave enough to go seek real life evidence will never remain

ScienceWatch:
Wow Wow. I must take my hat off to you once again sir. What more can I say ?

I really admire the way you teach atheists who's minds are drenched in limited materialistic logic to climb out of the deep hole pseudo science dug for them.

Atheists falsely claim that they need evidence of the trancedental/supernatural, but those idiots won't go in search of REAL LIVE EVIDENCE. They shamelessly sit on one place and use fruadulent text books as their mosdramatiched evidence.

Your kind advice to Hopefullandlord to go see for himself, will be mocked by most low level atheists because they know that when even one of their deceived brethren go see real life evidence in ill Arogun, a dramatic shift in thinking starts immediately.

The real power of Atheism is based on pedantic bling bling language and mental gymnastics that only injure themselves.
Enlightened persons that have also been brave enough to go seek real life evidence will never remain

sciencewatch do you know some atheist claim they experience mysticism however this set of athiest are generally unwilling to label it God or some sort of any name.

hopefulLandlord:


This is a question I've always asked those that believe juju powers are real. How can we use this juju powers to make Nigeria better?

The day I asked the question for the first time was the only attempt at answering the question.

I was discussing with 2 men and 1 woman. their first reply was to warn me not to dare the powers of juju (they knew I'm an atheist). I replied that its not what my question implied and infact my question was built on the assumption that jujus are as powerful as they say they are. After a lot of running around the question without attempting to answer it the woman said that "Juju powers are made only to wrought destruction as its from the devil so it can never be used for good"

At that point I just nodded and changed the topic. I couldn't bring myself to challenge her thinking further at that time. This is a woman THAT BELIEVES ALL THESE WORLD CLASS BRIDGES IN DEVELOPED COUNTRIES ARE DONE IN COLLABORATION WITH MARINE JUJU POWERS. isn't that an example of "using juju for good" if its true that juju were involved in the constructions of those bridges? doesn't this point to the fact that she's compartmentalising?

It was then I noticed people believe all these juju stories due to a combination of fear, ignorance and indoctrination and would do anything to protect that belief

hopefulLandlord:


This is a question I've always asked those that believe juju powers are real. How can we use this juju powers to make Nigeria better?

The day I asked the question for the first time was the only attempt at answering the question.

I was discussing with 2 men and 1 woman. their first reply was to warn me not to dare the powers of juju (they knew I'm an atheist). I replied that its not what my question implied and infact my question was built on the assumption that jujus are as powerful as they say they are. After a lot of running around the question without attempting to answer it the woman said that "Juju powers are made only to wrought destruction as its from the devil so it can never be used for good"

At that point I just nodded and changed the topic. I couldn't bring myself to challenge her thinking further at that time. This is a woman that believes all these world class bridges in developed countries are done in collaboration with marine juju powers. isn't that an example of "using juju for good" if its true that juju were involved in the constructions of those bridges? doesn't this point to the fact that she's compartmentalising?

It was then I noticed people believe all these juju stories due to a combination of fear, ignorance and indoctrination and would do anything to protect that belief

Thing is, what should and should not be called juju?

DeSepiero:


Thing is, what should and should not be called juju?

I think Juju according to majority of Nigerians are things they don't understand whether bad or goo

vaxx:
sciencewatch do you know some atheist claim they experience mysticism however this set of athiest are generally unwilling to label it God or some sort of any name.

Yes sir I fully agree with you. This type of cowardly atheist want acceptance and recgnition from both camps. They prove their foolishness by attaching extreme importance to LABELS than to the principles governing communication of ideas among different cultures.

Are atheists more backward than ancient man, that with all their collective education they fail to display any awareness of the scientific fact that 10 people can have the same experience, but there will be a superficial difference in the way they communicate it to others.
The question is, were some of them lying ?
Why the apparent contradictions when examining their testimony of the same experience ?

Atheists are language extremists. They can hype language to new levels of absurdity.
Vaxx, did you check if any atheist is recorded in The Guinness Book Records for the trivial pursuit of language ?

ScienceWatch:
Yes sir I fully agree with you. This type of cowardly atheist want acceptance and recgnition from both camps. They prove their foolishness by attaching extreme importance to LABELS than to the principles governing communication of ideas among different cultures.

Are atheists more backward than ancient man, that with all their collective education they fail to display any awareness of the scientific fact that 10 people can have the same experience, but there will be a superficial difference in the way they communicate it to others.
The question is, were some of them lying ?
Why the apparent contradictions when examining their testimony of the same experience ?

Atheists are language extremists. They can hype language to new levels of absurdity.
Vaxx, did you check if any atheist is recorded in The Guinness Book Records for the trivial pursuit of language ?

Not really but I will have to do the findings....

Martinez19:

Lol your comments are loaded with crap.
The real solution is simple and direct. GO AND CHECK REAL LIFE JUju for evidence. Are you such a low life critic of the reality of the transcendental/supernatural that you are too afraid to go and investigate real life events taking place all over the world.

No you wont go see for yourself, that's why you chose atheism. You cowardly chose the easy way out so you can boost your ego with meaningless pedantic bling bling language to impress the foolish. Only a corrupt fool use mental gymnastics when simple language suffice.

I have read all your topic and found that you have made vain attempts to lay vicious traps for decent loving people going their own happy way.
You have already fallen into the cruel traps that you laid for others. You can't escape spiritual law no matter how bright you falsely think you are.

I use basic English to communicate for ease of understanding.

vaxx:
Not really but I will have to do the findings....

Thank you sir. I look forward to viewing your findings on any records of atheists breaking world records in Trivial Pursuit Of Language.

vaxx:
sciencewatch do you know some atheist claim they experience mysticism however this set of athiest are generally unwilling to label it God or some sort of any name.

It is impossible to have authentic mystical experiences and remain an Atheist.

African black magic are very real. Why then are mocking atheists so afraid to go check it out ? They are extremely deluded when they think they can mock via their technology and be safe from spiritual forces.
DISTANCE OR THE INTERNET IS NO BARRIER.

ScienceWatch:
It is impossible to have authentic mystical experiences and remain an Atheist.

I agree with you.

That is how i was saying a true atheist should be able to locate a strong babalawo shrine a scatter it to prove the gods doesn't exist

vaxx:
I agree with you.

African black magic is a reality with awesome power to affect our material world and our individual destinies.

Greater spiritual forces of LIGHT are ones only protection against destructive invisible attacks.

TOSIN116:
That is how i was saying a true atheist should be able to locate a strong babalawo shrine a scatter it to prove the gods doesn't exist;

I don't think there is a single atheist or even a large group of mocking atheists on Nairaland brave enough to scatter any spiritual shrine of a Babalawo.

It would be very unwise of atheists to even plan this because the spirits serving the Babalawo will pick it up beforehand and cripple them before they get near the shrine.
Atheists can plan their attack a thousand miles away and yet not be safe.

All theist know one spiritual unbroken law - Distance is not a barrier.

ScienceWatch:
I don't think there is a single atheist or even a large group of mocking atheists on Nairaland brave enough to scatter any spiritual shrine of a Babalawo.

It would be very unwise of atheists to even plan this because the spirits serving the Babalawo will pick it up beforehand and cripple them before they get near the shrine.
Atheists can plan their attack a thousand miles away and yet not be safe.

All theist know one spiritual unbroken law - Distance is not a barrier.

We actually have Evangelists, Imam and even Traditionalist who denounced there spirituality for a new religion destroying Shrine across all across Africa and we can both attest that there is no report that there actions have any effect either positive or negative. Personally, I have seen an Ifa initiate who threw his Opele into the river. I have also seen cases where fetish stuff are been burnt. I have seen Law enforcement officers dragging Babalawo, with all his amulets, charm and all, out of his shrine and thrown into a waiting bus. I have seen cases where a son destroyed his father shrine because of some family issues.

From my own doing, with the company of an Oniosanyin's son, I dismantled Osanyin in an attempt to known what is talking inside it. I ate Epo Obo in my secondary school days trying to investigate if I am a witch (never knew until after that there are some chemicals in the herb that actually made me vomit). I am born and brought up in a locality where I have access to all form of traditional spiritualities and imported religion so I am in a position to tell you that, from what I have experienced, these diabolic acts are practical pre-scientific experimentation which locals blow out of proporton.

Truth must be told, there are some acts esp medication and healing have scientific explanation. My treatment for Malaria, Garri and lime water, was prescribed to me by a Babalawo in my locality. And I can confirm that the chemistry helps my health so much. My Dad in so many occasions have sat me down and instruct me on how to use some herbs. The only worries I have with him is that those herbs mixture which he probably learnt for someone is attributed to a Deity or giving some supernatural attributes.

While I have visited some Babalawo for some personal issues, some of those things they do marvels me alot. That is because I have a limited knowledge in their acts. My conclusion is that these acts are mere 'crude science', and needs to be refined so that those mythical fantasy can be removed.

Things mysterious and unexplained happens. I have seen so many and many lot to see. However, almost alll the things said about juju are bullshiitee.

FOLYKAZE:


We actually have Evangelists, Imam and even Traditionalist who denounced there spirituality for a new religion destroying Shrine across all across Africa and we can both attest that there is no report that there actions have any effect either positive or negative. Personally, I have seen an Ifa initiate who threw his Opele into the river. I have also seen cases where fetish stuff are been burnt. I have seen Law enforcement officers dragging Babalawo, with all his amulets, charm and all, out of his shrine and thrown into a waiting bus. I have seen cases where a son destroyed his father shrine because of some family issues.

From my own doing, with the company of an Oniosanyin's son, I dismantled Osanyin in an attempt to known what is talking inside it. I ate Epo Obo in my secondary school days trying to investigate if I am a witch (never knew until after that there are some chemicals in the herb that actually made me vomit). I am born and brought up in a locality where I have access to all form of traditional spiritualities and imported religion so I am in a position to tell you that, from what I have experienced, these diabolic acts are practical pre-scientific experimentation which locals blow out of proporton.

Truth must be told, there are some acts esp medication and healing have scientific explanation. My treatment for Malaria, Garri and lime water, was prescribed to me by a Babalawo in my locality. And I can confirm that the chemistry helps my health so much. My Dad in so many occasions have sat me down and instruct me on how to use some herbs. The only worries I have with him is that those herbs mixture which he probably learnt for someone is attributed to a Deity or giving some supernatural attributes.

While I have visited some Babalawo for some personal issues, some of those things they do marvels me alot. That is because I have a limited knowledge in their acts. My conclusion is that these acts are mere 'crude science', and needs to be refined so that those mythical fantasy can be removed.

Things mysterious and unexplained happens. I have seen so many and many lot to see. However, almost alll the things said about juju are bullshiitee.

The only sane voice in the room. Vax and the rest need to learn from you and stop yarning empty dust .

FOLYKAZE:


We actually have Evangelists, Imam and even Traditionalist who denounced there spirituality for a new religion destroying Shrine across all across Africa and we can both attest that there is no report that there actions have any effect either positive or negative. Personally, I have seen an Ifa initiate who threw his Opele into the river. I have also seen cases where fetish stuff are been burnt. I have seen Law enforcement officers dragging Babalawo, with all his amulets, charm and all, out of his shrine and thrown into a waiting bus. I have seen cases where a son destroyed his father shrine because of some family issues.

From my own doing, with the company of an Oniosanyin's son, I dismantled Osanyin in an attempt to known what is talking inside it. I ate Epo Obo in my secondary school days trying to investigate if I am a witch (never knew until after that there are some chemicals in the herb that actually made me vomit). I am born and brought up in a locality where I have access to all form of traditional spiritualities and imported religion so I am in a position to tell you that, from what I have experienced, these diabolic acts are practical pre-scientific experimentation which locals blow out of proporton.

Truth must be told, there are some acts esp medication and healing have scientific explanation. My treatment for Malaria, Garri and lime water, was prescribed to me by a Babalawo in my locality. And I can confirm that the chemistry helps my health so much. My Dad in so many occasions have sat me down and instruct me on how to use some herbs. The only worries I have with him is that those herbs mixture which he probably learnt for someone is attributed to a Deity or giving some supernatural attributes.

While I have visited some Babalawo for some personal issues, some of those things they do marvels me alot. That is because I have a limited knowledge in their acts. My conclusion is that these acts are mere 'crude science', and needs to be refined so that those mythical fantasy can be removed.

Things mysterious and unexplained happens. I have seen so many and many lot to see. However, almost alll the things said about juju are bullshiitee.

How does one use the garri and lime water for malaria cure. Do you soak the garri with water, like you want to drink it and squeeze the juice of lime into it or how. What about the quantity of the individual constituent in the mixture? I'm open to learning please. Thanks.

dalaman:


The only sane voice in the room. Vax and the rest need to learn from you and stop yarn in empty dust .

there is nothing wrong in learning from fellow being especially if the fellow understand in length of what is talking about. I am open minded person . I admit my mistake when corrected but the person in question must possess a proper understanding and not base on personal influence or feelings....

I found it funny,how you guys just accept every information just because it agree with your perspective and any idea should be rejected without giving it a second thought. This is pathetic.....


A rational person like you should have take out what you think is unusual in my response and scrutinised and not giving this halve bake advice. How do you even learn this way.


Well. I think it is more accurate to assume this ...
""If you lived the life they lived, you'd see what they see, do what they do, and be who they are""

vaxx:

Well. I think it is more accurate to assume this ...
""If you lived the life they lived, you'd see what they see, do what they do, and be who they are""

On a tangent

Doesn't this quote argue for hard determinism?

ScienceWatch:
African black magic is a reality with awesome power to affect our material world and our individual destinies.

Greater spiritual forces of LIGHT are ones only protection against destructive invisible attacks.

if we are going to talk in a western sense....hyponotism works and it still baffled academia how it works.

In fact I will advice those who think juju is a complete hoax because it is African things to first get a degree in Ericksonian Hypnotherapy at Harvard Medical School or maybe anywhere it is offer. Before applying their objective thought into the disscussion....

hopefulLandlord:

On a tangent

Doesn't this quote argue for hard determinism?

Yes to some extent it does.

prolog2:
What in hell is wrong with you. We fought a war against the British empire and we lost, how does that translate into a humiliating defeat to a handful of white men? And what does religion have to do with losing or winning wars? It is very funny how stupid Nigerians are, my friend if you are in Edo state or Delta state, then please get the hell out, we don't need bastards like you. For your info, all nigerian kingdoms were defeated by the British, meaning that your ancestors were also defeated. Why don't you talk about the humiliating defeat of your own ancestors by a handful of white bastards? Also for your info the brits had lots of white soldiers and even way more black canon fodders and machine guns and bazookas. I just wonder what kind of couple of drunks produced you. Even the brits acknowledge and respect that fight, but you bastard, you have to open your dirty mouth.

The colonials enslaved Africa for many years and your still defending the useless thing call juju, so this juju power cannot forewarn Africans about the defeat that's coming to them and show them the way?, who put you in this delusional state, are you ok at all?

Sheggy13:

How does one use the garri and lime water for malaria cure. Do you soak the garri with water, like you want to drink it and squeeze the juice of lime into it or how. What about the quantity of the individual constituent in the mixture? I'm open to learning please. Thanks.

Yes bro. You only need to soak garri (white) in a neat lime water for some minute. And drink it afterward. A doctor once told me the solution contains some chemical that treats Malaria but personally I don't have knowledge of what exactly the chemical is but it works.

I've challenged people who claim juju exist to bring forward anyone with juju, we will sign a consensual agreement, I will look for a very sharp cutlass and place it on the testee hand, or look for a shortgun and use it on the testee leg. Till date no one has presented anyone, I'm disappointed.

Juju is fake, magic trick that's useless, if juju actually works we should have been among the Group of seven(G7)!

TOSIN116:
That is how i was saying a true atheist should be able to locate a strong babalawo shrine a scatter it to prove the gods doesn't exist

So if I'm able to scatter a "strong babalawo shrine" you'd stop believing god exists?

tintingz:
I've challenged people who claim juju exist to bring forward anyone with juju, we will sign a consensual agreement, I will look for a very sharp cutlass and place it on the testee hand, or look for a shortgun and use it on the testee leg. Till date no one has presented anyone, I'm disappointed.

Juju is fake, magic trick that's useless, if juju actually works we should have been among the Group of seven(G7)!

Lol.

But let us be serious here please.

How do you explain a situation whereby Babalawo identify a thief by just putting a gun powder on the suspects hand? This particular feat still marvels me till tomorrow because I dont have logical explanation for it. It is accurate from my record. Even recently, an issue happened with the head of my street and his co-settlers in their farm. The Chief killed an antelope which he fried and kept indoor. The next day, on returning home from his field, he couldn't find his meet. So he came home angrily and invited his Awo popularly called Baba Eletu. When the man arrived, he asked the chief to invite his suspects. Chief had to made a call across and ensured that all the settlers gathered in his house in the city. The Eletu get to work, put some gun powder in the suspects hand and ask them to confess or their hand will burn. Nothing actually happened to them. So he quickly consulted his Ifa and deduced that the real culprit is among the suspects but there is a missing link. So he asked for if the Children and Servant of the suspects stole the fried meat, and applied the gunpowder in their hands, still nothing happened. He asked again if the their dog of the suspect ate the fried meat, and like a flash, one of the men suspected hand burn.

The point is, he did not steal the meat, his children or servant did not, but his dog did which this art dug out. On many occasions, the Eletu grants permission to onlookers to try this art just to prove he is authentic. And note that it has been tested and proven 100% working except in cases where the suspected persons are not the real culprit.

There is another thing called 'Atagba' in my dialect. Don't know what it is called in other tongue. It is a form of attack that remotely push some items into the body of a victim. I have not witnessed when an attacker initiates an attack but I have personally seen many victims of this attack.

You don't need to believe this. When issue like this happen, Doctors who know about it mostly refer the victims to tradition who will remove these projectile and heal them of any interal injuries. What are these projectile? Nail, pin, animal teeth, cowrie, metal and so many dangerous things. And the funny thing is, xray won't be able to detect these things in the victim body. This form of attack is common among Ikale, Edo and Akoko.

There are thinkers, philosophers and nature observers in Africa before the Intruders came to us. War is a common thing back in those days and one cannot deny form of weapon these people invented and used. Please do not take away the fact that they can manipulate nature and divert rain to fall elsewhere. They invented diseases to fight their enemies. Chickenpox is a good example. They inflicted othet community and people with it so as to weaken them before launching attack. Chickenpox was idolized and called Sonponna. In this age that we can cure the disease, Sonponna worship has dropped drastically.

This happened to me. A local midwife accurately predict the sex, date of birth and health condition of my wife pregnancy by merely touching her stomach. The so called scanning machines provided contradicting sex and date of delivery result. The DOD from thr hospital esp is about two weeks ahead. Shouldn't we give kudos to the Mama and help her improve her skill? Shouldn't we investigate her knowledge and expand more on it?

I won't deny these facts. These feats are crude science if examined. However, people blow things out of proportion. Juju is a form of science that needs to be critical studied.

Martinez19:

You've also heard the stories?

They'd say the engineer in charge would go underwater to meet the "Mami water" there and obtain permission to build bridge(s) over the water. They'd say the Mami water would then give them permission and give him the supernatural enablement to build the bridge which would've been impossible without those powers

Every time I'm told these stories as a teenager I couldn't counter it cuz my inability to explain how those bridges are built is a hindrance. As I grew and learnt more I realised the marine juju bridge stories are just explanation conjured by the mentally lazy. why go through the stress of asking, researching, studying, practicing, testing and verifying when one can just assume some Invisible spiritual entities that resides in water are responsible? Of course even a teenage me used to ask why we can't meet our own Mami water to build such bridges in Nigeria but never got a reasonable answer.

This is the same reason people just plug god into whatever ignorance they feel exists, why worry yourself over those when you can just insert god there and call it a day?

hopefulLandlord:


You've false heard the stories?

They'd say the engineer in charge would go underwater to meet the "Mami water" there and obtain permission to build bridge(s) over the water. They'd say the Mami water would then give them permission and give him the supernatural enablement to build the bridge which would've been impossible without those powers

Every time I'm told these stories as a teenager I couldn't counter it cuz my inability to explain how those bridges are built is a hindrance. As I grew and learnt more I realised the marine juju bridge stories are just explanation conjured by the mentally lazy. why go through the stress of asking, researching, studying, practicing, testing and verifying when one can just assume some Invisible spiritual entities are responsible?

This is the same reason people just plug god into whatever ignorance they feel exists, why worry yourself over those when you can just insert god there and call it a day?

I have heard stories that marine witchcraft is responsible for advanced technology. Dr. Olukoya and other pastorpreneurs are truly working.