The Unification Decree: No. 34 of 1966


Decree No. 34

[24th May 1966]



THE FEDERAL MILITARY GOVERNMENT hereby decrees as follows:

Subject to the provisions of this Decree, Nigeria shall on 24th May 1966 (in this decree referred to as ‘the appointed day’) cease to be a Federation and shall accordingly as from that day be a Republic, by the name of the Republic of Nigeria, consisting of the whole of the territory which immediately before that day was comprised in the Federation.
2.

As from the appointed day—

the Federal Military Government and the Federal Executive Council shall be known respectively as the National Military Government and The Executive Council;
the Federal territory shall be known as the Capital territory;
the provinces, including Kaduna capital territory, in schedule 1 of this Decree which immediately before the appointed day were respectively comprised in Northern Nigeria, Eastern Nigeria, Western Nigeria and Mid-Western Nigeria shall be known respectively as the Northern group of Provinces, the Eastern group of Provinces, the Western group of Provinces and the Mid-Western group of Provinces;
for the purpose of administration each group of provinces shall subject to the authority of the Head of the National Military Government, be under the general direction and control of a Military Governor appointed by the Head of the National Military Government;
Act No. 20 of 1963 (that is to say the Constitution of the Federation) may be cited as the Constitution of the Republic.
Without prejudice to section 8 of this Decree, the person who immediately before the appointed day holds the office of Military Governor of a Region shall be deemed to have been appointed by the Head of the National Military Government as Military Governor of the corresponding group of provinces with effect from that day.
The National Military Government may either conditionally or unconditionally delegate to a Military Governor of a group of provinces power to make laws by edict for peace, order and good government with respect to any matter specified in the delegation in relation to that group of provinces.
Subject to this and any other Decree, a Military Governor of a group of provinces may exercise by way of edict or, as the case may be, by regulation, order, or instrument the powers and functions vested in the Executive Council of the Government of a former Region, or of the Governor, Premier, or Minister (except in relation to criminal prosecutions) of a government of a former Region under any existing law with respect to that group of provinces; and accordingly sections 3 (2), (3), (5), (6), and (7) and section 4 (6) of the Constitution (Suspension and Modification) Decree 1966 (in this Decree referred to as the ‘principal Decree’) shall cease to have effect.
Subsection (4) shall be without prejudice to section 8 of this Decree, and the repeal by that subsection of any provision of the principal Decree shall not affect the operation of that provision in relation to any time before the appointed day.
Any Edict made by the Military Governor of a Region which is in force immediately before the appointed day shall, as from that day, have effect as a Decree applying only to the group of provinces which corresponds to that region; and references to a Decree shall be construed accordingly.
In this subsection ‘Edict’ includes a decree made as mentioned in section 4 (6) of the principal Decree.

Notwithstanding section 1 of this Decree, on and after the appointed day—
the provisions of the constitution of each former Region which are not for the time being suspended shall, in relation to the corresponding group of provinces, have effect as modified by the combined operation of the principal Decree, as amended, and this Decree; and
the constitution of each former Region may be cited as the Constitution of the Northern, Eastern, Western or Mid-Western group of Provinces, as the case may be, and references to the constitution of a group of provinces shall be construed accordingly.
3. 1. As from the appointed day all offices in the service of the Republic in a civil capacity shall be offices in a single service to be known as the National Public Service; and accordingly all persons who immediately before that day are members of the public service of the Federation or of the public service of a Region shall on that day become members of the National Public Service:

Provided that this subsection shall not apply to the office of the Attorney-General of the Republic or of a group of Provinces.

2. As from the appointed day—

a. the Public Service Commission established under section 146 of the Constitution of the Republic shall be known as the National Public Service Commission, and references in that section and elsewhere to the Public Service Commission of the Federation shall be amended accordingly;

b. all Regional Public Service Commissions established under the appropriate provisions of the Constitutions of the Regions shall be known as the Provincial Public Service Commissions, and be known as the Provincial Public Service Commissions created under the Constitutions of the Regions shall be construed accordingly.

3. Notwithstanding anything contained in the Constitution of the Republic or of a group of Provinces, the members of the Public Service Commission of the Federation and of the Regions who, immediately before the appointed day hold office, shall continue in office until the appointments expire or are sooner revoked, and fresh appointments are made.

4.1 Subject to the provisions of this section, power to appoint persons to hold or act in offices in the National Public Service (including power to make appointments on promotion and to confirm appointments) and to dismiss and exercise disciplinary control over persons holding or acting in such offices shall, as from the appointed day, vest in the National Public Service Commission.

2. The National Public Service Commission may, with the approval of the Head of the National Military Government, either conditionally or unconditionally delegate any of its powers under subsection (1) above to any person or authority in Nigeria.

3. Subject to subsections (4) and (6) below, all the powers of the National Public Service Commission under subsection (1) above in respect of any office in the National Public Service carrying an initial salary not exceeding £2,292, shall be treated as having been delegated to the appropriate Provincial Public Service Commission.

4. Any delegation effected under subsection (2) above (including any delegation which in accordance with subsection (3) above or subsection (6) below is to be treated as having been effected under subsection (2) above) may be varied or revoked by the National Public Service Commission with the approval of the Head of the National Military Government.

5. Subsection (1) above shall not apply in relation to any of the following offices—

a. the office of any judge of the Supreme Court, the High Court of Lagos, the High Court of a group of provinces or the Sharia Court of Appeal;

b. the office of economic adviser to the republic;

c. except for the purpose of making appointments thereto, the office of the Director of Audit of the Republic and the office of the Director of Audit of a group of provinces;

d. the office of Magistrate and Justice of Peace;

e. any office in the Nigeria Police Force;

f. any office to which section 148 of the Constitution of the Republic applies.

6. Without prejudice to subsection (4) above or to section 8 of this Decree, any delegation effected under section 147 of the Constitution of the Federation, or under the corresponding section of the constitution of a Region, which is in force immediately before the appointed day shall, as from that day be deemed to have been appointed day shall, as from that day, be deemed to have been duly effected by the National Public Service Commission under subsection (2) above.

7. The provisions of this section shall be subject to the provisions of section 5 of this decree.

5.1. Power to appoint persons to hold or act in the office of permanent secretary to any department of government of the Republic or any other office of equivalent rank in the National Public Service, and to remove persons so appointed from any such office shall, as from the appointed day, vest in the Supreme Military Council.

2. Before appointing any person by virtue of this section, the Supreme Military Council shall consult the National Public Service Commission.

3. Subsection (1) above shall not apply in relation to any of the offices mentioned in section 4 (5) of this Decree.

6. As from the appointed day the members of the Police Service Commission shall be appointed by the Head of the National Military Government; and accordingly in the entry in Schedule 2 of the principal Decree relating to section 109 of the Constitution of the Republic, for the words ‘Federal Executive Council’ in both places where they occur, there shall, as from the appointed day, be substituted the words ‘Head of the National Military Government’.

7. 1. As from the appointed day, the provisions of the Constitution of the Republic mentioned in Schedule 2 of this Decree shall be suspended.

2. As from the appointed day—

a. the provisions of the constitution of each group of provinces which are men-

tioned in Schedule 3 of this Decree shall be suspended; and

b. Schedule 4 of the principal Decree shall have effect subject to the amendments specified in Schedule 4 of this Decree.

8. 1. As from the appointed day the principal Decree, as amended, shall have effect with

such modifications (whether by way of addition, alteration or omission) as may be

necessary to bring it, and through it—

a. the unsuspended provisions of the Constitution of the Republic and of the constitution of each group of provinces; and

b. all existing law within the meaning of subsection (1) of section 12 of the principal Decree, so far as in force immediately before the appointed day; and

c. all other law which would be existing law within the meaning of the said subsection (1) if the references in that subsection to 16th January 1966 were references to the appointed day; into conformity with this Decree.

2. Without prejudice to the generality of subsection (1) above, section 13 of the

principal Decree (which makes provision for the saving of existing offices, appointments, etc.) shall, with such modifications as may be necessary in consequence of this Decree, have effect in relation to the appointed day in like manner as it has effect in relation to 16th January 1966.

3. Nothing in this Decree shall affect the validity of anything done before the appointed day.

9. In this Decree, and in any other law—

‘enactment’ includes any provision of a Decree;

‘group of provinces’ means the Northern Group of Provinces, the Eastern Group of Provinces, the Western Group of Provinces or the Mid-Western Group of Provinces;

‘the Military Governor’, in relation to a group of provinces, means the Military Governor of that Group of Provinces;

‘the Northern Group of Provinces’, the Eastern Group of Provinces’, the Western Group of Provinces and the ‘Mid-Western Group of Provinces’ have the respective meanings assigned in section 2 (1) © of this Decree.

10. Every Decree made on or after the appointed day shall apply throughout Nigeria except in so far as the contrary intention appears therein.


Source: The Constitution (Suspension and Modification) (No. 5) Decree 1966, Federal Republic of Nigeria Official Gazette no. 51, vol. 53, 24 May 1966, A153.


Courtesy Nowa Omoigui

https://dawodu.com/decree34.htm

Aside appointment of military governors of provincial group by National military government and resources control. I see no different from this our present constitution.

for those who like to twist the history to suit there narrative this is a food for thought.

Greatest mistake after the 1914 amalgamation

dignity33:
Aside appointment of military governors of provincial group by National military government I see no different from this our present constitution.

Oga, Ironsin started this Unitary government.

You yourself posted it "Unification decree"

it was Gowon that built on it.

frankmoney:
Greatest mistake after the 1914 amalgamation

1st greatest mistake 1914
2nd one - When one of the southern leader works with the North
3rd - 1st coup
4th - Unification decree.

dignity33:
for those who like to twist the history to suit there narrative this is a food for thought.

Dont mind them, they are liars and twisting history is their stock in trade.

If your kinsmen had erred, accept it and move on. If there's correction that can be made, correct it and if not leave it the way it is but don't repeat that same mistake, rather learn from it, that's the purpose of history.

But those people will never learn, they abuse and insult other regions, try to twist history, put up all manner of lies.

This is where Aguiyi Ironsi didn't try at all.. He should have left the regional arrangements

dignity33:
Aside appointment of military governors of provincial group by National military government I see no different from this our present constitution.

The unification decree did not tamper with resource control, it did not change the revenue allocation formular, it did not remove fiscal federalism, it recognised the 4 Region's

So how did this decree introduce unitary rule?

The only thing this decree did was unify the public service workers

kingzizzy:


The unification decree did not tamper with resource control, it did not change the revenue allocation formular, it did not remove fiscal federalism, it recognised the 4 Region's

So how did this decree introduce unitary rule?

The only thing this decree did was unify the public service workers

I found no reason for criticizing since resource control was not tampered.

Where is source of the news?"
"Ibadan express news"
"afonja media"
"hv dat na stop Fulani from r@*ing your people"
"it is not possible"

We know their excuse they are coming

dignity33:
Aside appointment of military governors of provincial group by National military government I see no different from this our present constitution.

You present constitution has states, there were no states during Ironsi's time

Your present constitution does not have resource control, there was full resource control under Ironsi

You present constitution does not have fiscal federalism, there was fiscal federalism under Ironsi


Ironsi was the only military ruler who kept the constitution of Nigeria as close to the independence constitution as possible.

The only thing this unification decree did was unify the civil service.

Only ignorant people say that Ironsi introduced unitary rule in Nigeria

Everybody knows it was Gowon who did that

Agolo Iresi.

Greed!!! Your neighbors bountiful harvest might look attractive, until you have to face your neighbor when you try to go and reap what you did not sow. Igbo’s need to learn contentment. If they had contentment as a tribal attribute Ironsi would never have dreamt of this. Greed always destroys. You may think taking over another man’s land is easy. But if you are not from there, it is really hard to understand the intricacies and political intrigues of the people.

I think the unification decree is illegal. How can you change the whole system of government/constitution when it required the 3 major tribes to agree to it.

I could be wrong but our lawyers may need to review the legality of this action by the military. One person cannot make such a decision for a country that was founded by people coming together to agree.

Nothing igbo cannot deny, They denied first Coup, They denied Aguiyi Irosi decreed Unitary government even when everything is clear and on record.

ERockson:
Nothing igbo cannot deny, They denied first Coup, They denied Aguiyi Irosi decreed Unitary government even when everything is clear and on record.

I don't seem to understand what you mean that they denied first coup and unitary government are you myopic that you can't dig out information with your phone online . Igbo never denied any coup but only denied that is not an Igbo coup as it involves officers from across the country including Yoruba. Unitary government was not what current generation of you portray it to be , Aguyi Johnson Ironsi never abolish resources control but Gowon did that is the bone of contention here.

dignity33:
I found no reason for criticizing since resource control was not tampered.

Shut up.... Ironsi shud have left the regional govt the way it was...

He shud nt av issued a unitary decree...

He made a mistake accept it.... Everyone does mistake.


Ironsi made a big error by declaring unitary govt of which the northern govt capitalize on..


He snudnt av done it

kingzizzy:


You present constitution has states, there were no states during Ironsi's time

Your present constitution does not have resource control, there was full resource control under Ironsi

You present constitution does not have fiscal federalism, there was fiscal federalism under Ironsi


Ironsi was the only military ruler who kept the constitution of Nigeria as close to the independence constitution as possible.

The only thing this unification decree did was unify the civil service.

Only ignorant people say that Ironsi introduced unitary rule in Nigeria

Everybody knows it was Gowon who did that

Every body knows ironsi decreed unitary govt..

Gowon capitalized on it...

Pimpmaride:


Every body knows ironsi decreed unitary govt..

Gowon capitalized on it...

There is nothing like unitary rule if there is resouce control, both do not sit together. If Ironsi allowed resource control, then he couldn't have introduced unitary rule.

True federalism is all about resource control

kingzizzy:


There is nothing like unitary rule if there is resouce control, both do not sit together. If Ironsi allowed resource control, then he couldn't have introduced unitary rule.

Oga keep shut
if Aguyi didn't Issue the decree.
Gowon won't even know or remember that we need to spit the regions into states.

kingzizzy:


There is nothing like unitary rule if there is resouce control, both do not sit together. If Ironsi allowed resource control, then he couldn't have introduced unitary rule.

True federalism is all about resource control

Boss shut up... Many people here especially igbos have agreed dt ironsi created it but Gowon capitalized on it..


Fact is fact.. So far unitary decree is involved, ironsi brought it first into the govt..

Simple... Stop arguing blindly like a bat

Sammy07:


Oga keep shut
if Aguyi didn't Issue the decree.
Gowon won't even know or remember that we need to spit the regions into states.

Thank u.. They will deny it.. Always

Sammy07:


Oga keep shut
if Aguyi didn't Issue the decree.
Gowon won't even know or remember that we need to spit the regions into states.

Are you saying that Gowon is an illiterate, was Gowon not alive when a regional government was created by Tafawa Balerwa/Zik .

Sammy07:


Oga keep shut
if Aguyi didn't Issue the decree.
Gowon won't even know or remember that we need to spit the regions into states.

A lot of people like talking nonsense even when the evidence is before them. Decree 34 only unified the civil service. It did not tamper with the structure of Nigeria or the revenue sharing formular

So if Gowon came along and decided to abolish the 4 Region, create states, take away resource control and change the revenu sharing formular, why then call Ironsi? Did Gowon come to make things worse or better?

People should start using their heads and stop accepting the age old lies the Lagos/Ibadan under the bridge media have been dishing out for years

Decree 34 has been shown to you here. Point out where Ironsi took away resource control or abolished the Regions or cancelled fiscal federation

If you cant, close your mouth and use your data for something better

Pimpmaride:


Thank u.. They will deny it.. Always

This one don't seem to amaze me

Pimpmaride:



Boss shut up... Many people here especially igbos have agreed dt ironsi created it but Gowon capitalized on it..


Fact is fact.. So far unitary decree is involved, ironsi brought it first into the govt..

Simple... Stop arguing blindly like a bat

It is not unitary decree, it is unification decree and it only had to do with the unification of the civil service.

THIS IS A DECREE APPLICABLE IN MARSHALL LAW MILITARY INTERREGNUM ONLY.

WE ARE IN A DEMOCRACY NOW. THEREFORE THE NASS AND THE 36 CONSTITUTIONAL STATE ASSEMBLIES SHOULD MAKE THE EXCLUSIVE LIST OF THE 1999 CONSTITUTION INCLUSIVE FULLY TO THE 36 CONSTITUTIONAL STATE GOVERNMENTS.

THE REVENUE ALLOCATION FORMULA SHOULD BE MADE A 10%. UNIFORM PERCENTAGE OF EACH STATE REVENUE RESOURCES TO RUN F.G AS F.L.G

THE ABOVE WILL LIMIT CORRUPTION TO STATE LEVEL AND STOP COUPS FROM BEING AN ATTRACTIVE VENTURE TO THE MILITARY.

kingzizzy:



A lot of people like talking nonsense even when the evidence is before them. Decree 34 only unified the civil service. It did not tamper with the structure of Nigeria or the revenue sharing formular

So if Gowon came along and decided to abolish the 4 Region, create states, take away resource control and change the revenu sharing formular, why then call Ironsi? Did Gowon come to make things worse or better?

People should start using their heads and stop accepting the age old lies the Lagos/Ibadan under the bridge media have been dishing out for years

Decree 34 has been shown to you here. Point out where Ironsi took away resource control or abolished the Regions or cancelled fiscal federation

If you cant, close your mouth and use your data for something better

You have said it all.

kingzizzy:



A lot of people like talking nonsense even when the evidence is before them. Decree 34 only unified the civil service. It did not tamper with the structure of Nigeria or the revenue sharing formular

So if Gowon came along and decided to abolish the 4 Region, create states, take away resource control and change the revenu sharing formular, why then call Ironsi? Did Gowon come to make things worse or better?

People should start using their heads and stop accepting the age old lies the Lagos/Ibadan under the bridge media have been dishing out for years

Decree 34 has been shown to you here. Point out where Ironsi took away resource control or abolished the Regions or cancelled fiscal federation

If you cant, close your mouth and use your data for something better

Ignorant

.