₦airaland Forum

Senator Dino Melaye today addresses Senate Correspondents on alleged abusive words used against Senator Oluremi Tinubu.


During the press conference, he denied using "insolent, abusive, degrading & unmannerless language against any Senator"


See photos from the press conference:

Source:http://www.flexygist.com/2016/07/14/photos-dino-melaye-holds-press-conference-over-alleged-abuse-of-tinubu/

attacker321:
True yeromgba man for you there.

StOla:
Both are Yorubas, your support is of no relevance.

kcnwaigbo:
Don't worry Dino will take it very easy when impregnating our first lady

Fashola4thSon:
Thank you Ndigbo for helping in development of Lagos and Nigeria at Large.

Without you guys, Lagos would have been like other South West Backward States especially Osun, Oyo, Ogun.

Oluwa will continue to bless you people

Igbos are mainly traders that buy and sell on a daily basis, when they sell they deposit and when they want to buy they withdraw. The circle keeps repeating on a daily basis, my friend that is not a measure of development or wealth.

If I withdraw N5000 from Bank and bought a shoe for N4500 which I later sold for N5000 and deposited it back to the bank the same day, financial transaction for that day is recorded as N10,000 but I truly don't have that amount in reality. Imagine repeating the same thing on a daily basis and tell me what my financial transaction will be for a week not to talk of a month.

You just reason, how will anambra's financial transactions be higher than Lagos, port-harcourt, kano, Ibadan, ogun or Kaduna. These are the states with the highest GDP contributions in Nigeria. If anambra is that wealth Igbos won't be rushing down to Lagos and other South Western States on a daily basis.

United Nations' Multi Dimensional Poverty Index

The United Nations' Global Multi-Dimensional Poverty Index has three dimensions and 10 indicators in estimating Overall Poverty. Each dimension is equally weighted, each indicator within a dimension is also equally weighted, and added. It uses 10 indicators to measure poverty in three dimensions: Education, Health and Living standards. This report was Published in June 2015, and is based on data collected on years between 2004 and 2014.
According to the MPI Report, as at 2010, 46% of Nigerians lived below the national poverty line (Only 28% in Urban areas, and near 70% in The rural). Although a Report by the World bank, released in 2014, showed that only 33% of Nigerians could be considered Poor.

THIS IS THE ONE FROM UNO...UNDP...OPHI COLLABORATION
States by Incidence of Poverty

STATES<-->POVERTY RATE
1. Lagos --------- 8.5%
2. Osun --------- 10.9%
3. Anambra --------- 11.2%
4. Ekiti --------- 12.9%
5. Edo --------- 19.2%
6. Imo --------- 19.8%
7. Abia --------- 21.0%
8. Rivers --------- 21.1%
*. FCT (Abj) --------- 23.5%
9. Kwara --------- 23.7%
10. Akwa Ibom --------- 23.8%
11. Delta --------- 25.1%
12. Ogun --------- 26.1%
13. Kogi --------- 26.4%
14. Ondo --------- 27.9%
15. Enugu --------- 28.8%
16. Bayelsa --------- 29.0%
17. Oyo --------- 29.4%
18. Cross River --------- 33.1%
-------------------------------------------------------
** National Avg --------- 46.0%
-------------------------------------------------------
19. Plateau --------- 51.6%
20. Nassarawa --------- 52.4%
21. Ebonyi --------- 56.0%
22. Kaduna --------- 56.5%
23. Adamawa --------- 59.0%
24. Benue --------- 59.2%
25. Niger --------- 61.2%
26. Borno --------- 70.1%
27. Kano --------- 76.4%
28. Gombe --------- 76.9%
29. Taraba --------- 77.7%
30. Katsina --------- 82.2%
31. Sokoto --------- 85.3%
32. Kebbi --------- 86.0%
33. Bauchi --------- 86.6%
34. Jigawa --------- 88.4%
35. Yobe --------- 90.2%
36. Zamfara --------- 91.9%

REGIONAL AVERAGES
1 = South West - 19.3% Poverty (+ Average)
2 = South South - 25.2% Poverty (+ Average)
3 = South East - 27.36% Poverty (+ Average)

----------------------------------------------------------------------
** National Avg 46.0%% Poverty
----------------------------------------------------------------------

4 = North Central - 45.7% Poverty (+Average)
5 = North East - 76.8% Poverty (- Average)
6 = North West- 80.9% Poverty (- Average) Damn!! shocked

Sources
The Global Multidimensional Poverty Index by the U.N.Global MPI

Global MPI 2015
Country briefings
Data tables
Case studies
Methodology
Infographics
Interactive Databank
MPI Resources
FAQs
Background

Global Multidimensional Poverty Index

Click for GLOBAL MPI 2015

Visit the Global MPI 2015 pages to access a wealth of resources, including case studies, infographics and an interactive databank, as well as country profiles, policy briefings, and downloadable data tables.
What is the global MPI?

The global Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) is an international measure of acute poverty covering over 100 developing countries. It complements traditional income-based poverty measures by capturing the severe deprivations that each person faces at the same time with respect to education, health and living standards.

The MPI assesses poverty at the individual level. If someone is deprived in a third or more of ten (weighted) indicators (see left), the global index identifies them as ‘MPI poor’, and the extent – or intensity – of their poverty is measured by the number of deprivations they are experiencing.

The MPI can be used to create a comprehensive picture of people living in poverty, and permits comparisons both across countries, regions and the world and within countries by ethnic group, urban/rural location, as well as other key household and community characteristics.

This makes it invaluable as an analytical tool to identify the most vulnerable people – the poorest among the poor, revealing poverty patterns within countries and over time, enabling policy makers to target resources and design policies more effectively.

The global MPI was developed by OPHI with the UN Development Programme (UNDP) for inclusion in UNDP’s flagship Human Development Report in 2010. It has been published in the HDR ever since.http://www.ophi.org.uk/multidimensional-poverty-index/
http://www.dataforall.org/dashboard/ophi/index.php/


THIS IS FROM WORLD BANK
The NER also documents major differences in poverty and living standards by macro-region in Nigeria. While the South of Nigeria has relatively low poverty rates, ranging from 16% in the South West to 28.8% in the South East, poverty rates in the North West and North East are 45.9% and 50.2%, respectively. While the South of Nigeria (especially the South West) has experienced a strong positive dynamic in poverty reduction in recent years, the poverty rate in the North West has remained stagnant, while poverty has actually increased in the North East. Thus, disparities between the North (North West, North East) and South of Nigeria in poverty and living standards have increased. This is no doubt related to the recent security challenges in the Northern part of Nigeria. Explanatory factors for the high differences in living standards by geographical region are likely related to differences in the provision of public services and the degree of connectedness to larger markets.

NER MEANS NIGERIA ECONOMIC REPORT..maybe it is a Yoruba man that owns it...
http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/nigeria/publication/nigeria-economic-report-improved-economic-outlook-in-2014-and-prospects-for-continued-growth-look-good

THIS IS FROM NBS

Poverty was least dominant in the Southwest (49.8%), South-South (55.5%), and South-East regions (59.5%).
Read more: https://www.naij.com/401470-see-the-10-poorest-states-in-nigeria.html

SO ALL OF THEM GANGED UP TO RIDICULE UNA ...NA WAH O.ILLITERACY IS INDEED A DISEASE
THEY ARRIVED AT DIFFERENT PERCENTAGES ALL DEPICTING THAT THE SOUTH EAST IS POVERTY RIDDEN THAN SOUTH/SOUTH AND SOUTH WEST..

The more reason you all run to the best South...

attacker321:
The same way yorubas need lagos is the same way Igbos need Lagos, thatz all.

attacker321:
What of all the yeribas that rush to lagos from soka forest to hawk agbo, ea agoin and bottled water?

what of the ones that escape from the jungles of osun to come and sell hot drinks to danfo drivers after bleaching their skin to infection?

IkpuMmadu:
[b]Nigeria MUST NOT let the Igbos leave this union
I have tried to measure the contribution of the Igbos to the development of the Nigerian project and the conclusion I have reached is that Nigeria must do everything possible to get the Igbos to remain in the Nigerian union. They (Igbos) have contributed unprecedentedly to the development of Nigeria in EVERY sector. The Igbos are an exceptional Nigerian race; they are born entrepreneurs, geniuses, capitalists, industrialists, academics, adventurists and you name it. A Nigeria without these set of people and their drive for economic success might be boring and uninteresting.

Industrial Spirit: The Igbos are probably the only tribe that has built several indigenous industrial estates in Nigeria. In 1997, an Igbo engineer by the name Ezekiel Izuogu produced Nigeria’s first indigenous prototype car in Imo State. Africa was excited by his ingenuity. However, due to financial constraint and dirty Nigerian politics, the Izuogu Z-600 car model could not hit the Nigerian market in mass produce. His workshop was later vandalized and his efforts destroyed. The dream died. Few decades later another Igbo by the name Innocent Chukwuma launched his Innoson cars, making him the first indigenous car producer in and from Nigeria. Anambra and Enugu alone has over six indigenous estates. By indigenous I mean industrial estates built by indigenes and with little or no government support. Nigeria’s first indigenous car is made in one of those estates- Nnewi precisely. The industrial estates are a host to several indigenous manufacturing companies. One of those estates houses one of the biggest plastic manufacturing plants in Africa. You will be shocked to see what the Igbos are producing in their indigenous industrial estates. It will not be wrong to say that Igbos are driving the indigenous manufacturing sector of the Nigerian economy with little or no government patronage. The first indigenous Nigerian company to produce Nigeria’s first internationally certified branded computers - Zinox is Igbo by the name Stanley Nnamdi Ekeh from Imo State. The Igbos dominate the electronics market and have built series of what they call ‘computer village’ across Nigeria. Nigeria’s leading pharmaceutical companies are Igbo owned; Emzor, Juhel, Orange, Rico, etc. Anabel Mobile is the first indigenous Nigerian phone manufacturer; Igbo. There are several countless industrial breakthroughs the Igbos have made for Nigeria that I cannot go on to list here.


On Trade: The Igbos are the most successful traders not just in Nigeria but possibly around the world. Across Nigerian cities they not just control various markets, they equally dominate certain industries. In Kano, Lagos, Port Harcourt, Abuja, and many more Nigerian cities, the Igbos not only dominate the markets, they control certain sectors of the trade business. They are synonymous with the phrase ‘importer’. Their natural drive towards capitalism has driven them across the globe in search for opportunities. There is barely any country in the world where there is no Igbo man doing one legitimate or illegitimate business. The Igbos have proven to the rest of Nigeria that beyond reasonable doubt they are not a lazy people.


In Literature: The father of modern African Literature is an Igbo man by the name Chinua Achebe. His work titled ‘Things Fall Apart” has remained one of Africa’s most read book which brought international attention to Nigerian literature. Chinua Achebe remains an inspiration to most African writers. Nigeria gets the glory.

In Politics: The Igbos are the first and only tribe in Nigeria to have successfully coordinated and executed Nigeria’s first and only political revolution; other military revolutions (coup) that followed were merely revenge and hunger for military political power. In 1966, a group of senior Igbo officers executed Nigeria’s first set of corrupt politicians in a bloody coup. Although their plan was to install an imprisoned opposition leader by the name Obafemi Awolowo as president, unfortunately the coup was altered by another senior Igbo officer by the name Aguiyi Ironsi who not only distorted the plans but ended up making himself a military ruler and at the same time ended Nigeria’s federalism by decreeing unitarism. The Igbos laid the foundation for political revolutions in Nigeria. And they have paid dearĺy for that move. Today, they are demanding for an independent nation. The Igbos like to fight for what they believe in and they always do damn the consequences.


The Igbos control a fair share of the oil & gas servicing industry in Nigeria. The biggest indigenous oil servicing contractor in Nigeria today is Igbo owned. The first indigenous and independently (without government funding) owned gas power plant is built by an Igbo in Aba – Geometric Power Limited. From haulage to logistics to procurement to real estate, finance, sports, entertainment, manufacturing, engineering to medicine, science and you name it. The Igbos have made Nigeria proud; locally and internationally. The Igbos might be arrogant and even exploitative in their quest for profit and expansionism yet Nigeria cannot afford to lose them. They technically control the formal and informal sector of Nigerian economy and they are everywhere, with or without political patronage, they are making progress. I was shocked to find out sometime last year that Igbos still engage in rural-riverine-onshore trading across the remotest villages of the Niger Delta. At this remote village near the Atlantic ocean in Bayelsa State that is only accessible by water and air, these Igbos designed a floating market. They bring in their goods, dock their big boats once in two weeks, make sales and move to another village along that dangerous terrain. A business idea the indigenes of that area have not considered venturing into. The Igbos are risk takers!


In this community where I have stayed for the past few months here in Anambra state, the number of modern houses (duplexes) in this non-industrial, non-commercial small Igbo village is higher than any I have seen in all the oil communities I have visited in the Niger Delta put together. The Igbos are that successful and they always do remember home.


The Igbo influence in the Roman Catholic Church worldwide is amazing. An Igbo by the name Cardinal Arinze was once rumored to become the first black Pope! The Igbos have a strong affinity with the Roman Catholic Church and they have made a mark globally.
Anybody who think the Igbos cannot survive as an independent nation might need to have a rethink. Just less than four decades after they were defeated in a bloody civil war and denied their property and work space across Nigeria, the Igbos have risen to produce one of the highest number of billionaires, entreprenuers, industrialists, etc in Nigeria. They have risen from being a defeated tribe to become the dominating factor of Nigeria’s economy. They have built indigenous industrial cities, turned out to be the most literate people in Nigeria, dominated several industries and have made Nigeria proud in the world scene. If a people can rise to achieve these with little or no government support, one can only imagine what they will become as a republic of Biafra.

Enugu has sufficient coal to power the coal need of an industrial country. Anambra, Abia and Imo states have abundant reserve of crude oil and natural gas. They also have access to the sea through the Imo and Niger river. Anambra has three commercial and industrial cities concentrating on manufacturing and trade. Ebonyi is the agriculture base of Igbo land; producing rice, salt, and other farm produce. Abia has Aba and over 100 untapped oil wells with series of indigenous manufacturing firms.

In contemporary politics, the Igbo states have managed to stay afloat and sustain recurrent and capital expenditure even when major oil producing states are already endangered. Anambra, Enugu and other Igbo states have proven that there is an economy beyond federal allocations and free oil money. They have scored high in security, education, health care, job creation, entrepreneurship, sports, trade, etc.
Many people have argued that the Igbos would lose their investment across Nigeria if Biafra happens. This is an archaic and primitive way of thinking. An independent Biafran nation will not alter any Igbo socio-economic relationship with the outside world, Nigeria inclusive. An independent Biafran nation will not stop Innoson vehicles from been sold in Nigerian market. It will not stop Juhel pharmarcy products from been sold in Nigerian market. A new Biafran nation will not stop any Igbo man from being a landlord in Abuja, Kano or Port Harcourt. It will not stop an Hausa man from still trading at Onitsha. An independent Biafran will only give the Igbos a political status in the world order which will in turn further stimulate the orientation of profit repatriation, sustainability, economic diversification and the need to further develop homelands and eradicate the perception of federal neocolonialism by the skewed federal government of Nigeria. An independent Biafran Nation has the potential of becoming the Japan of Africa.

The Igbos want autonomy and control of their life without feeling been marginalized and oppressed. Nigeria can give them this sense of autonomy without necessarily losing them. This is the direction every sensible federal leader should be looking at. How do we satisfy the desire for autonomy by the Igbos and other Nigerian tribes without necessarily losing them as members of Nigeria? This is where true federalism comes in.


True federalism will not only give the Igbos the sense of autonomy but will equally position them to further drive the national economy through healthy competition and regional integration. True Federalism will enhance the possibility of Igbo land becoming the Japan of Nigeria. It is possible.


Nigeria has a choice to restructure or let the Igbos go. If the Federal government does not make this choice right, the Igbos will make it for themselves and Nigeria will be the loser.


The determination of the Igbos towards their sovereign nation should not be undermined by the federal government of Nigeria. I believe boundaries should be destroyed and not further created in our time, this is why I believe in restructure rather than secession. The Igbos have nothing to lose with their secession agenda, it is Nigeria that will lose. This is why Nigeria should now be proffering solutions and not fuelling the agitation.

I believe the Igbos will be better positioned under a restructured Nigeria.
I do not believe in secession as a solution even though I respect their right to secession.
I believe true federalism will fix Nigeria and give the Igbos their desired autonomy while remaining as Nigerians. I believe we all have a choice to make true federalism happen ASAP before Nigeria gets to its elastic point.


Again I repeat, Nigeria must not let the Igbos leave the Nigerian union.[/b]

gigabyte13:
Fine article well written.


But the opolo eye master talk, una go say he too talk, now he kept mute, same una dey complain.



Am just Happy that he is not chest beating, issuing Ultimatum, writing UN, EU, USA like some coward do in the name of being brave. All power and no brain region.


Remember, to always play, your cards close to your chest. Thats whatsup with the opolo eye master.

Sydney22:
Nigeria's budget-monitoring tech organization, BudgIT, released a detailed document on the states of Nigeria; their economic situations, debt burdens, budget-funding capabilities, internally generated revenue ratings and financial sustainability.
This move is part of a greater plan to engender transparency in our budgets, as well as demand better accountability from our various state governors across the federation.

The document had some revealing details, some shocking details, as well as some downright damning ones. I guess reality is truly different from state-sponsored propaganda and social media rhetoric.

Ability Of States To Meet Recurrent Expenditure
In this category, the states are ranked by the figures realized after subtracting the total monthly salaries paid by the states from their monthly income. The states in red are states whose monthly incomes are unable to meet up with the monthly wage bill. In other words, states that are unable to pay their salaries without having to borrow. States in green, on the other hand, are states whose monthly incomes are enough to adequately pay salaries and still have some leftovers for other engagements.
This is the table:


From the table above it can be deduced that Lagos, Rivers, Delta, Katsina and Enugu are the top 5 states with the highest leftover cash even after meeting monthly obligations; while Osun, Plateau, Ogun, Nasarawa and Oyo are the bottom 5 states as well as the states with the greatest inability to meet monthly payments without having to borrow.
Perhaps interesting to note, is the fact that Osun state's monthly shortfall is larger than the monthly shortfalls of Ekiti, Bauchi, Abia, Kaduna, Zamfara, Imo and Gombe, combined.

On a region-by-region basis, it can also be deduced that:

1. In the South-South, all other states are green except Bayelsa and Akwa Ibom.

2. In the South-East, Enugu, Ebonyi and Anambra are able to meet recurrent obligations, but Imo and Abia are unable to.

3. In the South-West, Lagos is the only state currently meeting its recurrent obligations while all other sister states, Ekiti, Ondo, Oyo, Ogun and Osun, are unable to.

4. Taraba and Yobe are the only North-Eastern states without monthly shortfalls

5. Niger, Benue and Kogi are the only North-Central states currently without shortfalls.

6. Zamfara and Kaduna are the only North-West states with shortfalls.

SuperS1Panther:
10 IRREFUTABLE CONTRIBUTIONS OF RED MUDSTERS TO NIGERIA

IN no particular order please:

1. Shout of Biafra.

2. Kidnapping.

3. Baby factory.

4. Examination miracle centres.

5. Robbery.

6. Fake drugs

7. Fake products.

8. Drug trafficking.

9. Prostitution.

10. Soiling Nigeria's image and name all over the world.

and of course migrating away from their gully eroded like locusts.

Tony Okafor, Awka

The Federal Government is developing a draft action for the phasing out of mud houses across the country.

The minister of science and technology, Dr Ogbannaya Onu, disclosed this on Saturday during a visit to the Nigerian Building and Road Research Institute, Nnewi, Anambra state.

He said this would be made possible through research that would bring about cheap building materials that would enable Nigerians have affordable decent houses.It’s the desire of this government to give Nigerians decent living conditions. That’s why we are charging NBRRI to go into research that would be felt at the grassroots.

“A research that would enhance employment opportunities; decent houses and decent lives for Nigerians.The government of President Muhammadu Buhari is committed to making a positive difference in these areas.

The minister, who said the phasing out of mud houses might not be achieved immediately, maintained that it was an ideal thing to do.
He assured staffers of the NBRRI, Nnewi, of more commitment of his ministry to boost their activities and welfare, while tasking them to be committed to researches that would enhance use of local materials.

“We can’t continue to import; because to do so is to export jobs.

He said efforts were being made to revise school curricular in the country to encourage skills in constructions, noting that the trend whereby most construction works in the country were done by foreigners was unacceptable.

At the National Foundry Development and Training Centre, Ozubulu, Ekwusigo Local Government Area of the state, the minister regretted that foundry tools brought to the institute 18 years ago had not been put to use.

“This is not acceptable to this government. We must make use of this place under this administration, the minister stated.

He promised that the erosion problems in Anambra state must be tackled, saying that was one of the reasons for trying to reinforce NBBRI.

http://punchng.com/fg-phase-mud-houses-minister/

haconjy:
Instead of Yoruba to defend themselves by telling the Igbo what they are really contributing they are making noise....
am Yoruba to the call. Since Yoruba has decided to sell the brother, SS,SE out cause of bihari, they will never get it Right... if u like call me whatever u want but for me, I reject to be a slave

Fact 1, SW the least poverty region :

They said they have more middle class yet SW has the least poverty rate in Nigeria.

http://www.dataforall.org/dashboard/ophi/index.php/


SW, the only region with the highest SME, fact 2 :

They claim they have more SMEs yet Oyo has more SMEs than all SE states.


http://nigerianstat.gov.ng/pdfuploads/SMEDAN%202013_Selected%20Tables.pdf


Let me ask and burst your bubble :

How many Igbo-owned investments comes close to LADOL in Lagos?

List the Banks that Igbos dominate that are more than the Yoruba-dominated/controlled Skye Bank, First Bank, Sterling Bank, GTBank, FCMB, e.t.c.

List the Telecoms Company that are Igbo-owned/dominated like Yoruba-owned/controlled Globacom and NTel

List the I.T businesses that are Igbo dominated that can stand the likes of Spectranet, CCHub, MainOne

Which Igbo-owned businesses can match the dominance of Yoruba-controlled Oando, ConOil, and Forte Oil?

The only Transport segment Igbos dominate is that of buses that convey their kinsmen between YOrubaland and the SE. Yorubas control the SW internal routes, e.g. When I take a bus from Lagos to Abeokuta or Ibadan, 9 out of 10 times the owner of the Bus is a Yorubaman and not an Igboman, so get your facts straight.

In a nutshell, Yorubas already dominate the Big Businesses and industries that count, e.g Finance, Oil & Gas, I.T, Telecoms, Insurance, Manufacturing & Industry, e.t.c. It would be unfair of us to dominate everything so we've left them the crumbs like dominating the Super-Eagles, Gala Hawking , spare-parts bizness, Selling DVD/VCD at Alaba, Entertainment (though Yorubas dominate the Music scene, while we comfortably have our indigeneous Film industry on lockdown as well ), transporting your kinsmen to-and-from the SE to Yorubaland, e.t.c. Your people can keep dominating those. But even Commerce/trading sef una don dey dump that one sef for drug-trafficking.

http://www.vanguardngr.com/2015/06/rivers-state-others-have-overtaken-s-east-in-commerce-industry/


Ogun state the most industrialised state in nigeria ,fact 3 :

http://www.vanguardngr.com/2013/06/why-more-companies-are-moving-to-ogun/


IGR, SW leads :

http://www.nigerianstat.gov.ng/report/387


https://www.nairaland.com/3049881/nigerian-states-internally-generated-revenue

OoduaVanguard:
totit, forget that guy. He's just trolling and trying to get under your skin. He's a non-entity.

iaamxavier:
statistic made by the brown roofers anambra has oil ebonyi has oil the statistics is an old one b4 oil was found in this states now keep disgracing ur sefff

iaamxavier:
Top 10 states with the least poverty rate ranked by the UN the SE has 4 states so Mr try again with ur propaganda

iaamxavier:
ondo produces 8000 barrel per year abeggg my belle ooo try again

scholes0:
No SugarCoatings, No pancaking, No disguises, No sweetalks.
Here are raw data and statistics on Nigerian Oil Production.





Oil production Figures
National Production = 1,605,000 barrels per day (One Million, 605 Thousand barrels) as at timing of report.
Current Production hovers around 2.5-2.7 Million barrels per day

Total National Oil reserves 37.2 Billion Barrels
Producer ranks:

1 - Akwa Ibom
2 - Delta
3 - Rivers
4 - Bayelsa
5 - Ondo
6 - Edo
7 - Imo
8 - Abia



How much does each Oil producing state obtain from the 13% derivation formula?


Note: Cross River state's former oil wells have been ceded to Akwa Ibom after boundary adjustment. (Hence the blank)

Additional Liquid and Semi-liquid Hydrocarbon resources in Nigeria (Reserves)
Nigeria has 42 Billion barrels more of oil in the form of extractable Heavy Oils, from large bitumen belts lying dormant.


Source: http://oilrevenueng.org/

iaamxavier:
Lol the waste people always avoiding the painful truth u can use Google ull see the aba made stat

the yorubas contributes virtually nothing