donedy:

Point of correction, if Wikipedia cannot be quoted, Nairaland can't either. Lot of people here on NL have many handles, me being an example. If you want to know the real percentage, involve yourself in sodomy act anywhere in Nigeria and caught.

You people never cease to amaze me. So if two guys wanna do their thing, they'll do it in the open abi? Or you go about looking for gay guys and girls in their rooms??

Should we legalise prostitution?
Should we legalise abortion?
Should we legalise beasties?
Should we legalise incest in any form and every form?

Please can some answer these questions for me.
Please always be careful the way you use the word hypocrisy. Because a man is only honest to himself alone. Hypocrisy sets in at the introduction of another man. So don't claim self righteous and call other people hypocrist because everybody have their own view and perceptions of things and events

adim2: Should we legalise prostitution?
Should we legalise abortion?
Should we legalise beasties?
Should we legalise incest in any form and every form?

But these questions will derail this particular topic. why not create new threads for them?

Freiburger:

Oh yes, despite the fact that rightheousness exalts a nation and sin is exactly the opposite, i strongly believe that passing a death sentence on someone for praticing homosexuality is absoulutly wrong, most especially when the practices doesent affect anyone. If we really believe that everyone was created by God for a special reason, why putting ourselves in the position of passing the judgements? or did the devil created some human being? Every religion and culture condems so many things that are still be done today in Africa. and these thing are overlooked by our so- called leader. lets call a spade a spade here bro.

If we believe that we are not qualify to pass judgement on others, then the judiciary systems in the world shouldn't be in existence. In reality, even the supreme courts justices are of no where close to be perfect in passing judgement, but it's, at the basics , the best thing to do to preserve law and order.

masonkz:

You people never cease to amaze me. So if two guys wanna do their thing, they'll do it in the open abi? Or you go about looking for gay guys and girls in their rooms??

Please, if you want to quote me, first of all analyze all my comments that precede the one that you just commented on. This is how you fail analytically reading when ask what's the author's purpose or intention.

donedy:

If we believe that we are not qualify to pass judgement on others, then the judiciary systems in the world shouldn't be in existence.

You and i know that these legislatures with loopholes are coded from different religious books,The lawmakers knows that this a very sensitive subject and they will always do their best capitalizing on it because every sensitive human being will find it irritating when ever the subject comes up. Is it rational when a politician campaigns with killing gays in a broken economy for example? i 'll call this a case of hypocrites trying to get the votes of hypocrites.

Homosexuality is another form of human extinction. It is the most radical form of population control embraced by the Europeans and Americans. I must say that it is despicable act before humans and God.

Duru1: Homosexuality is another form of human extinction. It is the most radical form of population control embraced by the Europeans and Americans. I must say that it is despicable act before humans and God.

And what exactly are you afraid of, that you would one day become gay?? How would the human race be extinct when most people aren't gay in the first place? Except you're saying all straight people are susceptible to turning gay.

donedy:

If we believe that we are not qualify to pass judgement on others, then the judiciary systems in the world shouldn't be in existence.

And if every law was perfect, there shouldn't be any need for legal practitioners.

Freiburger:

Oh yes, despite the fact that rightheousness exalts a nation and sin is exactly the opposite, i strongly believe that passing a death sentence on someone for praticing homosexuality is absoulutly wrong, most especially when the practices doesent affect anyone. If we really believe that everyone was created by God for a special reason, why putting ourselves in the position of passing the judgements? or did the devil created some human being? Every religion and culture condems so many things that are still be done today in Africa. and these thing are overlooked by our so- called leader. lets call a spade a spade here bro.

[b]The simple truth is that Homosexuality is a victimless crime.

Wether legal or illegal, many people will eventually end up being Homosexuals. Personally, I have always wondered what it was that would make a man attracted to another man. But again, just because I cant comprehend it does not mean that it is evil. I remember the first time I saw two men kissing inside Charles de Gaulle Airport, I was so stunned I think I stood there starring for a bit. Then as I continued living there, I noticed that this wasnt really the worst thing in the world. These people lived their lives and it didnt affect any other person around them. Now should we go deeper into the entirety of legalizing Homosexual marriages, I do have a portion that I am yet to come to terms with (& I would leave that out for now so as not to derail this thread).

In secondary school, there was this boy in my class that was very very efeminate. He walked like a girl, shook his a`ss like a girl, would stand like a girl (with a pose), he even looked girly. All through secondary school, we all teased and made fun of this kid. Looking back now, I wondered how that kid managed to keep coming to school for 6 years. It must not have been easy for him. I recently looked him up on facebook and showed his picture to my wife (even before tellingher about him) and her first comment was "why does he look like a girl".

I dont live my life by the bible. Not even the so called christians do. If they did, mensurating women wouldnt be isolated for 7 days because the bible callls them unclean. This is life as we see it. Its human beings we are talking about here not plants. A guy was almost killed in Benin or so for being a heamaphrodite.

Imagine that.. [/b]

Okija_juju:

[b]The simple truth is that Homosexuality is a victimless crime.

Wether legal or illegal, many people will eventually end up being Homosexuals. Personally, I have always wondered what it was that would make a man attracted to another man. But again, just because I cant comprehend it does not mean that it is evil. I remember the first time I saw two men kissing inside Charles de Gaulle Airport, I was so stunned I think I stood there starring for a bit. Then as I continued living there, I noticed that this wasnt really the worst thing in the world. These people lived their lives and it didnt affect any other person around them. Now should we go deeper into the entirety of legalizing Homosexual marriages, I do have a portion that I am yet to come to terms with (& I would leave that out for now so as not to derail this thread).

In secondary school, there was this boy in my class that was very very efeminate. He walked like a girl, shook his a`ss like a girl, would stand like a girl (with a pose), he even looked girly. All through secondary school, we all teased and made fun of this kid. Looking back now, I wondered how that kid managed to keep coming to school for 6 years. It must not have been easy for him. I recently looked him up on facebook and showed his picture to my wife (even before tellingher about him) and her first comment was "why does he look like a girl".

I dont live my life by the bible. Not even the so called christians do. If they did, mensurating women wouldnt be isolated for 7 days because the bible callls them unclean. This is life as we see it. Its human beings we are talking about here not plants. A guy was almost killed in Benin or so for being a heamaphrodite.

Imagine that.. [/b]

Well said. If only people think like you, gay guys like me wouldn't have a reason to tell lies to all their family members and friends and live in denial,....and people will actually be surprised at how much large the gay community in Nigeria is.

masonkz:

And what exactly are you afraid of, that you would one day become gay?? How would the human race be extinct when most people aren't gay in the first place? Except you're saying all straight people are susceptible to turning gay.

I am not afraid of anything because I am an accomplished man who has reproduced my kinds on earth and my children will in turn continue the reproductive circle. Good to know you realized homosexuality is freaking life style which has no place in animal kingdom.

Why should the moronic gays and lesbians expect other human beings to perform one of the most important functions of their miserable lives on earth, thus, procreate?

I suggest you think beyond the ridge of your nose. If you assemble four gays in an Island and come back eighty years later, I bet you will find the Island empty without life. If this scenario does not mean extinction to you, I guess you are a jerk.

In any human setting where there are only adults without children is a sign of extinction, olodo.

Okija_juju:

[b]The simple truth is that Homosexuality is a victimless crime.

Wether legal or illegal, many people will eventually end up being Homosexuals. Personally, I have always wondered what it was that would make a man attracted to another man. But again, just because I cant comprehend it does not mean that it is evil. I remember the first time I saw two men kissing inside Charles de Gaulle Airport, I was so stunned I think I stood there starring for a bit. Then as I continued living there, I noticed that this wasnt really the worst thing in the world. These people lived their lives and it didnt affect any other person around them. Now should we go deeper into the entirety of legalizing Homosexual marriages, I do have a portion that I am yet to come to terms with (& I would leave that out for now so as not to derail this thread).

In secondary school, there was this boy in my class that was very very efeminate. He walked like a girl, shook his a`ss like a girl, would stand like a girl (with a pose), he even looked girly. All through secondary school, we all teased and made fun of this kid. Looking back now, I wondered how that kid managed to keep coming to school for 6 years. It must not have been easy for him. I recently looked him up on facebook and showed his picture to my wife (even before tellingher about him) and her first comment was "why does he look like a girl".

I dont live my life by the bible. Not even the so called christians do. If they did, mensurating women wouldnt be isolated for 7 days because the bible callls them unclean. This is life as we see it. Its human beings we are talking about here not plants. A guy was almost killed in Benin or so for being a heamaphrodite.

Imagine that.. [/b]

You once claimed to have been schooled in one of the most articulated curriculum in universe yet you come across as someone who could not differentiate a bowl of spaghetti from rice. Why would homosexuals embark on radical campaign on behalf of homosexuality? Have you ever seen a group of heterosexuals embark on radial and pitiable campaign on behalf of heterosexuality? My grandfather once told me that a person who says the truth does not need to have good memory.

The allusion of your mate in secondary school is purely subjective and a resultant of unwise mindset. Why would you condemn a weakling to female gender? Yet you want us to believe you are morally blind.

Duru1:


I am not afraid of anything because I am an accomplished man who has reproduced my kinds on earth and my children will in turn continue the reproductive circle. Good to know you realized homosexuality is freaking life style which has no place in animal kingdom.

Why should the moronic gays and lesbians expect other human beings to perform one of the most important functions of their miserable lives on earth, thus, procreate?

I suggest you think beyond the ridge of your nose. If you assemble four gays in an Island and come back eighty years later, I bet you will find the Island empty without life. If this scenario does not mean extinction to you, I guess you are a jerk.

In any human setting where there are only adults without children is a sign of extinction, olodo.

Funny, you do realize that many gays also have sex with girls, meaning many are actually bisexual. Besides, you should be scared of the over-population that the country is surging into, despite the gay community. No straight person can just wake up one morning and decide..."Oh! I wanna be with a guy", just cos gay union exists. Unless the person was never really straight.

PS: One of your kids may be gay...you just may NEVER realise that, especially with your mindset..., just like my parents would swear I'm the straightest being ever...and, oh yea, they can still give you grandkids when you want. It's very easy.

Duru1:


You once claimed to have been schooled in one of the most articulated curriculum in universe yet you come across as someone who could not differentiate a bowl of spaghetti from rice. Why would homosexuals embark on radical campaign on behalf of homosexuality? Have you ever seen a group heterosexuals embark on radial and pitiable campaign on behalf of heterosexuality? My grandfather told me that a person who says the truth does not have good memory.

The allusion of your mate in secondary school is purely subjective and a resultant of unwise mindset. Why would you condemn a weakling to female gender? Yet you want us to believe you are morally blind.

LOL@weakling. Trust me, that guy is gaaaaaayyyyy

Emeka ike for me is like the married pastor that came to Oprah some time ago,the so called man of God,loves to preach about and against everything,and every weekend,he calls his gay ashawo lover,and tell him to bring some drugs on his way coming for both of them to enjoy together,and finally he was betrayed by the ashawo guy,and he came clean by saying he has repented now,go figure,,,,,if u have ever been closer to Emeka,u will notice something strange about him,he is not far from the gay kingdom,,thats my point

masonkz:

Funny, you do realize that many gays also have sex with girls, meaning many are actually bisexual. Besides, you should be scared of the over-population that the country is surging into, despite the gay community. No straight person can just wake up one morning and decide..."Oh! I wanna be with a guy", just cos gay union exists. Unless the person was never really straight.

PS: One of your kids may be gay...you just may NEVER realise that, especially with your mindset..., just like my parents would swear I'm the straightest being ever...and, oh yea, they can still give you grandkids when you want. It's very easy.

You are seriously delusional, goofy and ignorant. I guess you know the acts of stupidity involved in the silly lives of homosexuals. What a despicable behavior to swing back and forth. If homosexuals do regard such antic as lifestyle, they are irredeemable dupes. Let me give you two names to study, they are Johanna Siguroardottir and Billie Jean King.

You must be wasting your time to remotely insinuate any my kids will end up homosexuals.

Duru1:


You are seriously delusional, goofy and ignorant. I guess you know the acts of stupidity involved in the silly lives of homosexuals. What a despicable behavior to swing back and forth. If homosexuals do regard such antic as lifestyle, they are irredeemable dupes. Let me give you two names to study, they are Johanna Siguroardottir and Billie Jean King.

You must be wasting your time to remotely insinuate any my kids will end up homosexuals.

LOL! Hey Mr...like I said, you wouldn't know if they are. Trust me. That's all I can say.

Duru1:


I am not afraid of anything because I am an accomplished man who has reproduced my kinds on earth and my children will in turn continue the reproductive circle. Good to know you realized homosexuality is freaking life style which has no place in animal kingdom.

Why should the moronic gays and lesbians expect other human beings to perform one of the most important functions of their miserable lives on earth, thus, procreate?

I suggest you think beyond the ridge of your nose. If you assemble four gays in an Island and come back eighty years later, I bet you will find the Island empty without life. If this scenario does not mean extinction to you, I guess you are a jerk.

In any human setting where there are only adults without children is a sign of extinction, olodo.

Homosexual behavior in animals
For homosexuality in humans, see Homosexuality.
Further information: List of animals displaying homosexual behavior

Two female domestic dogs engaging in sex play.
Homosexual behavior in animals refers to the documented evidence of homosexual and bisexual behavior in various (non-human) species. Such behaviors include sex, courtship, affection, pair bonding, and parenting among same-sex animal pairings. Homosexual behavior has been observed in close to 1,500 species, ranging from primates to gut worms, and is well documented for 500 of them.[1][2]Animal sexual behaviour takes many different forms, even within the same species. The motivations for and implications of these behaviors have yet to be fully understood, since most species have yet to be fully studied.[3] According to Bagemihl, "the animal kingdom [does] it with much greater sexual diversity – including homosexual, bisexual and nonreproductive sex – than the scientific community and society at large have previously been willing to accept."[4] Current research indicates that various forms of same-sex sexual behavior are found throughout the animal kingdom.[5] A new review made in 2009 of existing research showed that same-sex behavior is a nearly universal phenomenon in the animal kingdom, common across species.[6] Homosexual behavior is best known from social species. According to geneticist Simon Levay in 1996, "Although homosexual behavior is very common in the animal world, it seems to be very uncommon that individual animals have a long-lasting predisposition to engage in such behavior to the exclusion of heterosexual activities. Thus, a homosexual orientation, if one can speak of such thing in animals, seems to be a rarity.[7] One species in which exclusive homosexual orientation occurs, however, is that of domesticated sheep (Ovis aries).[8][9] "About 10% of rams (males) refuse to mate with ewes (females) but do readily mate with other rams."[9]

The observation of homosexual behavior in animals can be seen as both an argument for and against the acceptance of homosexuality in humans, and has been used especially against the claim that it is a peccatum contra naturam ('sin against nature').[1] For instance, homosexuality in animals was cited in the United States Supreme Court's decision in Lawrence v. Texas which struck down the sodomy laws of 14 states.[10]

Two female gay dogs

Google homosexual traits in animals and be enlightened..

Examples of some animals that have shown homosexual traits.. Including lions and. Elephants amongst many others

Some selected species and groups

See also: Seabird same-sex pairing and Seabird breeding behavior: Same-sex pairing
Birds

See also: List of birds displaying homosexual behavior and Animal sexual behavior#Birds
Black swans


Swans, Cygnus atratus
An estimated one-quarter of all black swans pairings are of homosexual males. They steal nests, or form temporary threesomes with females to obtain eggs, driving away the female after she lays the eggs.[39][40] More of their cygnets survive to adulthood than those of different-sex pairs, possibly due to their superior ability to defend large portions of land. The same reasoning has been applied to male flamingo pairs raising chicks.[41][42]

Gulls

Studies have shown that 10 to 15 percent of female western gulls in some populations in the wild exhibit homosexual behavior.[43]

Ibises

Research has shown that the environmental pollutant methylmercury can increase the prevalence of homosexual behavior in male American White Ibis. The study involved exposing chicks in varying dosages to the chemical and measuring the degree of homosexual behavior in adulthood. The results discovered was that as the dosage was increased the likelihood of homosexual behavior also increased. The endocrine blocking feature of mercury has been suggested as a possible cause of sexual disruption in other bird species.[44][45]

Mallards


Two male Mallards, Anas platyrhynchos
Mallards form male-female pairs only until the female lays eggs, at which time the male leaves the female. Mallards have rates of male-male sexual activity that are unusually high for birds, in some cases, as high as 19% of all pairs in a population.[1]

Penguins

Further information: Penguin#Behaviour and Animal sexual behaviour#Penguins
Penguins have been observed to engage in homosexual behaviour since at least as early as 1911. George Murray Levick, who documented this behaviour in Adélie Penguins at Cape Adare, described it as "depraved". The report was considered too shocking for public release at the time, and was suppressed. The only copies that were made available privately to researchers were translated into Greek, to prevent this knowledge becoming more widely known. The report was unearthed only a century later, and published in Polar Record in June 2012.[46]

In early February 2004 the New York Times reported that Roy and Silo, a male pair of chinstrap penguins in the Central Park Zoo in New York City had successfully hatched and fostered a female chick from a fertile egg they had been given to incubate.[10] Other penguins in New York zoos have also been reported to have formed same-sex pairs.[47][48]

Zoos in Japan and Germany have also documented homosexual male penguin couples.[27][28] The couples have been shown to build nests together and use a stone as a substitute for an egg. Researchers at Rikkyo University in Tokyo found 20 homosexual pairs at 16 major aquariums and zoos in Japan.

The Bremerhaven Zoo in Germany attempted to encourage reproduction of endangered Humbolt penguins by importing females from Sweden and separating three male pairs, but this was unsuccessful. The zoo's director said that the relationships were "too strong" between the homosexual pairs.[49] German gay groups protested at this attempt to break up the male-male pairs[50] but the zoo's director was reported as saying "We don't know whether the three male pairs are really homosexual or whether they have just bonded because of a shortage of females... nobody here wants to forcibly separate homosexual couples."[51]

A pair of male Magellanic penguins who had shared a burrow for six years at the San Francisco Zoo and raised a surrogate chick, split when the male of a pair in the next burrow died and the female sought a new mate.[52]

Buddy and Pedro, a pair of male African Penguins, were separated by the Toronto Zoo to mate with female penguins.[53][54] Buddy has since paired off with a female.[54]

Vultures

In 1998 two male Griffon vultures named Dashik and Yehuda, at the Jerusalem Biblical Zoo, engaged in "open and energetic sex" and built a nest. The keepers provided the couple with an artificial egg, which the two parents took turns incubating; and 45 days later, the zoo replaced the egg with a baby vulture. The two male vultures raised the chick together.[55] A few years later, however, Yehuda became interested in a female vulture that was brought into the aviary. Dashik became depressed, and was eventually moved to the zoological research garden at Tel Aviv University where he too set up a nest with a female vulture.[56]

Two homosexual male vultures at the Allwetter Zoo in Muenster built a nest together, although they were picked on and often had their nest materials stolen by other vultures. They were eventually separated to try to promote breeding by placing one of them with female vultures, despite the protests of German homosexual groups.[57]

Pigeons

Both male and female pigeons sometimes exhibit homosexual behavior. As well as sexual behavior same-sex pigeon pairs will build nests, and hens will lay (infertile) eggs and attempt to incubate them.

Mammals

See also: List of mammals displaying homosexual behavior and Animal sexual behaviour#Mammals
Amazon Dolphin

The Amazon River dolphin or boto has been reported to form up in bands of 3–5 individuals enjoying group sex. The groups usually comprise young males and sometimes one or two females. Sex is often performed in non-reproductive ways, using snout, flippers and genital rubbing, without regards to gender.[58] In captivity, they have been observed to sometimes perform homosexual and heterosexual penetration of the blowhole, a hole homologous with the nostril of other mammals, making this the only known example of nasal sex in the animal kingdom.[58][59] The males will sometimes also perform sex with males from the tucuxi species, a type of small porpoise.[58]

American Bison

Further information: American bison#Behavior and ecology

The American Bison is a bovine mammal which displays homosexual behavior.
Courtship, mounting, and full anal penetration between bulls has been noted to occur among American Bison. The Mandan nation Okipa festival concludes with a ceremonial enactment of this behavior, to "ensure the return of the buffalo in the coming season."[60] Also, mounting of one female by another is common among cattle.

Bonobo and other apes

See also: Bonobo#Social sexual behavior

Bonobo
The Bonobo, which has a matriarchal society, unusual amongst apes, is a fully bisexual species—both males and females engage in heterosexual and homosexual behavior, being noted for female-female homosexuality in particular. Roughly 60% of all bonobo sexual activity occurs between two or more females. While the homosexual bonding system in Bonobos represents the highest frequency of homosexuality known in any species, homosexuality has been reported for all great apes (a group which includes humans), as well as a number of other primate species.[61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69] Dutch primatologist Frans de Waal on observing and filming bonobos noted that there were two reasons to believe sexual activity is the bonobo's answer to avoiding conflict.

Anything that arouses the interest of more than one bonobo at a time, not just food, tends to result in sexual contact. If two bonobos approach a cardboard box thrown into their enclosure, they will briefly mount each other before playing with the box. Such situations lead to squabbles in most other species. But bonobos are quite tolerant, perhaps because they use sex to divert attention and to defuse tension.

Bonobo sex often occurs in aggressive contexts totally unrelated to food. A jealous male might chase another away from a female, after which the two males reunite and engage in scrotal rubbing. Or after a female hits a juvenile, the latter's mother may lunge at the aggressor, an action that is immediately followed by genital rubbing between the two adults.[70]

Bottlenose dolphins

See also: Animal sexual behavior#Bottlenose dolphins and Bottlenose dolphin#Life history
Dolphins of several species engage in homosexual acts, though it is best studied in the bottlenose dolphins.[1] Sexual encounters between females take the shape of "beak-genital propulsion", where one female inserts her beak in the genital opening of the other while swimming gently forward.[71] Between males, homosexual behaviour includes rubbing of genitals against each other, which sometimes leads to the males swimming belly to belly, inserting the penis in the others genital slit and sometimes anus.[72]

Janet Mann, Georgetown University professor of biology and psychology, argues that the strong personal behavior among male dolphin calves is about bond formation and benefits the species in an evolutionary context.[43] She cites studies showing that these dolphins later in life as adults are in a sense bisexual, and the male bonds forged earlier in life work together for protection as well as locating females to reproduce with. Confrontations between flocks of bottlenose dolphins and the related species Atlantic spotted dolphin will sometimes lead to cross-species homosexual behaviour between the males rather than combat.[73]

Elephants

Further information: Elephant#Mating
African and Asian males will engage in same-sex bonding and mounting. Such encounters are often associated with affectionate interactions, such as kissing, trunk intertwining, and placing trunks in each other's mouths. Male elephants, who often live apart from the general herd, often form "companionships", consisting of an older individual and one or sometimes two younger, attendant males with sexual behavior being an important part of the social dynamic. Unlike heterosexual relations, which are always of a fleeting nature, the relationships between males may last for years. The encounters are analogous to heterosexual bouts, one male often extending his trunk along the other's back and pushing forward with his tusks to signify his intention to mount. Same-sex relations are common and frequent in both sexes, with Asiatic elephants in captivity devoting roughly 45% of sexual encounters to same-sex activity.[74]

Giraffes

Further information: Giraffe#Social life and breeding habits
Male giraffes have been observed to engage in remarkably high frequencies of homosexual behavior. After aggressive "necking", it is common for two male giraffes to caress and court each other, leading up to mounting and climax. Such interactions between males have been found to be more frequent than heterosexual coupling.[75] In one study, up to 94% of observed mounting incidents took place between two males. The proportion of same sex activities varied between 30 and 75%, and at any given time one in twenty males were engaged in non-combative necking behavior with another male. Only 1% of same-sex mounting incidents occurred between females.[76]

Monkeys

Among monkeys[clarification needed], Lionel Tiger and Robin Fox conducted a study on how Depo-Provera contraceptives lead to decreased male attraction to females.[77]

Japanese macaque

Further information: Japanese macaque#Social behavior
With the Japanese macaque, also known as the "snow monkey", same-sex relations are frequent, though rates vary between troops. Females will form "consortships" characterized by affectionate social and sexual activities. In some troops up to one quarter of the females form such bonds, which vary in duration from a few days to a few weeks. Often, strong and lasting friendships result from such pairings. Males also have same-sex relations, typically with multiple partners of the same age. Affectionate and playful activities are associated with such relations.[78]

Lions

Further information: Lion#Group organization and Animal sexual behaviour#Lions
Both male and female lions have been seen to interact homosexually.[79][80] Male lions pair-bond for a number of days and initiate homosexual activity with affectionate nuzzling and caressing, leading to mounting and thrusting. About 8% of mountings have been observed to occur with other males. Pairings between females are held to be fairly common in captivity but have not been observed in the wild.

Polecat

European polecats Mustela putorius were found to engage homosexually with non-sibling animals. Exclusive homosexuality with mounting and anal penetration in this solitary species serves no apparent adaptive function.[81]

Sheep

Further information: Sheep#Behavior and intelligence and Animal sexual behaviour#Sheep
Ovis aries has attracted much attention due to the fact that some rams seem to have an exclusive homosexual orientation.[8]

An October 2003 study by Dr. Charles E. Roselli et al. (Oregon Health and Science University) states that homosexuality in male sheep (found in 8% of rams) is associated with a region in the rams' brains which the authors call the "ovine Sexually Dimorphic Nucleus" (oSDN) which is half the size of the corresponding region in heterosexual male sheep.[29]

Scientists found that, "The oSDN in rams that preferred females was significantly larger and contained more neurons than in male-oriented rams and ewes. In addition, the oSDN of the female-oriented rams expressed higher levels of aromatase, a substance that converts testosterone to estradiol, a form of estrogen which is believed to facilitate typical male sexual behaviors. Aromatase expression was no different between male-oriented rams and ewes."

"The dense cluster of neurons that comprise the oSDN express cytochrome P450 aromatase. Aromatase mRNA levels in the oSDN were significantly greater in female-oriented rams than in ewes, whereas male-oriented rams exhibited intermediate levels of expression." These results suggest that "...naturally occurring variations in sexual partner preferences may be related to differences in brain anatomy and its capacity for estrogen synthesis."[29] As noted before, given the potential unagressiveness of the male population in question, the differing aromatase levels may also have been evidence of aggression levels, not sexuality. It should also be noted that the results of this study have not been confirmed by other studies.

The Merck Manual of Veterinary Medicine appears to consider homosexuality among sheep as a routine occurrence and an issue to be dealt with as a problem of animal husbandry.[82]

Spotted Hyena

See also: Animal sexual behaviour#Spotted hyena and Spotted hyena#Reproduction and development

The Spotted Hyena is a moderately large, terrestrial carnivore native to Africa.
The family structure of the Spotted Hyena is matriarchal, and dominance relationships with strong sexual elements are routinely observed between related females. Due largely to the female spotted hyena's unique urogenital system, which looks more like a penis rather than a vagina, early naturalists thought hyenas were hermaphroditic males who commonly practiced homosexuality.[83] Early writings such as Ovid's Metamorphoses and the Physiologus suggested that the hyena continually changed its sex and nature from male to female and back again. In Paedagogus, Clement of Alexandria noted that the hyena (along with the hare) was "quite obsessed with sexual intercourse." Many Europeans associated the hyena with sexual deformity, prostitution, deviant sexual behavior, and even witchcraft.

The reality behind the confusing reports is the sexually aggressive behavior between the females, including mounting between females. Research has shown that "in contrast to most other female mammals, female Crocuta are male-like in appearance, larger than males, and substantially more aggressive,"[84] and they have "been masculinized without being defeminized.”[83]

Study of this unique Instruments and aggressive behavior in the female hyena has led to the understanding that more aggressive females are better able to compete for resources, including food and mating partners.[83][85] Research has shown that "elevated levels of testosterone in utero"[86] contribute to extra aggressiveness; both males and females mount members of both the same and opposite sex,[86][87] who in turn are possibly acting more submissive because of lower levels of testosterone in utero.[84]

Others

Lizards

Further information: Animal sexual behaviour#Lizards
Whiptail lizard (Teiidae genus) females have the ability to reproduce through parthenogenesis and as such males are rare and sexual breeding non-standard.[88] Females engage in sexual behavior to stimulate ovulation, with their behavior following their hormonal cycles; during low levels of estrogen, these (female) lizards engage in "masculine" sexual roles. Those animals with currently high estrogen levels assume "feminine" sexual roles.

Lizards that perform the courtship ritual have greater fertility than those kept in isolation due to an increase in hormones triggered by the sexual behaviors. So, even though asexual whiptail lizards populations lack males, sexual stimuli still increase reproductive success.

From an evolutionary standpoint, these females are passing their full genetic code to all of their offspring (rather than the 50% of genes that would be passed in sexual reproduction). Certain species of gecko also reproduce by parthenogenesis.[89]

Insects

Dragonflies


The head of Darner Dragonfly (Basiaeschna janata)
Male homosexuality has been inferred in several species of dragonflies (the order Odonata). The cloacal pinchers of male damselflies and dragonflies inflict characteristic head damage to females during sex. A survey of 11 species of damsel and dragonflies[90][91] has revealed such mating damages in 20 to 80% of the males too, indicating a fairly high occurrence of sexual coupling between males.

Fruit flies

Male Drosophila melanogaster flies bearing two copies of a mutant allele in the fruitless gene court and attempt to mate exclusively with other males.[18] The genetic basis of animal homosexuality has been studied in the fly Drosophila melanogaster.[92] Here, multiple genes have been identified that can cause homosexual courtship and mating.[93] These genes are thought to control behavior through pheromones as well as altering the structure of the animal's brains.[94][95] These studies have also investigated the influence of environment on the likelihood of flies displaying homosexual behavior.[96][97]

Bed bugs

Main article: Bed bug#Reproduction
Male bed bugs (Cimex lectularius) are sexually attracted to any newly fed individual and this results in homosexual mounting. This occurs in heterosexual mounting by the traumatic insemination in which the male pierces the female abdomen with his needle-like penis. In homosexual mating this risks abdominal injuries as males lack the female counteradaptive spermalege structure. Males produce alarm pheromones to reduce such homosexual matings.[98]