What are the primary intellectual achievements of contemporary African societies and cultures?


I must admit from the start that I have not research this subject a great deal and would like to hear what you guys have and think about it. So feel free to correct/advise me.

1) What are the great institutions of learning in Africa and what are the products of these institution?

2) Who are the great African scientists, philosophers, inventors, social innovators, economist, engineers etc of the 19th, 20th, 21st century? And what are they producing?

3) African societies consume a great deal of artifacts and knowledge generated from outside of Africa. How can we ensure that we participate fully in the universal goal of discovering knowledge?

4) What is education's primary goal? To enlighten the mind about the nature of reality or to equip the individual with the skills to get a job?