blado:

If i where to do a full tym masters in Botany how do you suggest i cope because i na me and papa God as i told you earlier on. Do you think i can work while i do a full tym masters in UNILAG?

Depends in the nature of your work.
If it's the hectic type then you may need to settle for part time.

Taking Advantage of Extra Learning

Learning sometimes requires additional effort for the learner to progress. Extra lessons provide opportunity for further study and revision consequent upon which, better understanding is gained. This forms a support system for students who have some difficulty fully assimilating their school work. Special consideration is mostly given to the peculiar learning styles or difficulties of participants. Extra lessons can be conducted on an individual or a group, in school or at home, depending on the preferences of the learner. The atmosphere is often more relaxed than what obtains in a regular classroom and extra attention is given to the learner’s needs.
In extra lessons, a lot of practise, brainstorming and revision are done to engender a deep understanding of the subject matter. Extra lessons have been found to improve students’ academic performance and better their chances at a degree. Students are encouraged to partake in extra lessons to tackle their weaknesses. Such lessons would usually concentrate on subjects that hold some difficulty for the learner. More effort is put into meeting every learner’s needs on an individual level unlike in a normal class. Extra lessons are recommended for students who have poor classroom communication and those with health problems or other issues that hinder their learning in the normal classroom.
Extra reading and study groups are other ways extra learning can effectively be gained. Specific attention is given to difficult and unclear subject areas. Coaching from a colleague, parent or sibling is also very potent at giving better understanding and should thus be explored by students. Study groups can be formed so that members can support each other academically by studying together during free periods or holidays. Students must bear in mind that the pleasures forsaken for extra learning to take course are temporal and nothing compared to the pains they would have saved by averting failure – sacrifices often bring more gain than pain.
Extra learning is not for students alone. Learning never stops. In career, extra learning would position you ahead of your peers. You can learn new skills and take up courses that will help complement your life and career.

Securing Your Future through Skill Acquisition

Other than reading, writing and computational skills, survival in the modern economy requires a good handle on many other skills to succeed. For some professions, being literate and numerate is not enough. The need arises to acquire as many a skill as possible. Skills can be learnt from friends, relatives or expert tutors.
The ever increasing complexities of life make it necessary for special skills to occasionally be applied, for mandates to be delivered. In the highly competitive world of work, the additional skills possessed by an individual boost his or her chances of employment and success. More so, a good collection of skills increase the capacity for an individual to be self reliant by using relevant skills to fend for self. Many have had cause to fall back on their acquired skills and talents for survival in times of distress. Good skills can support you now and secure your future.
Three major categories of skills will be considered thus;
Academic skills: – academic skills are abilities which help to give a good grasp to an individual’s educational pursuit. They form the bedrock of all learning. The ability to read fluently, write properly and solve basic arithmetic problems are the most prominent academic skills. Others include language skills, memorization, critical thinking and character building. This category of skills is formally acquired in the school.
Interpersonal skills: – interpersonal skills have to do with a proper understanding of self and society. The manner in which individuals relate to other people in the society is of crucial importance. A good understanding of oneself and the society as a whole fosters peace and productivity in the school and workplace.
Several skills fall under the category of interpersonal skills and are all aimed at bringing about a good relationship between individuals. Some of these skills are communication skills, leadership skills, time management skills, organizational skills, team work and self motivation. Listening, problem solving, goal setting, negotiation and influence are also vital interpersonal skills. Respect for others and the laws of the land are equally important. Good interpersonal skills make it possible for individuals to relate well with other members of the society. They bring about peace and unity. Such skills are fostered by family, friends, school and religion.
Vocational skills: – vocational skills involve knowledge in activities which can be done for the benefit of self or others. Vocational skills are usually monetized, that is, payment is made when rendered to interested individuals. The opportunities that abound are countless, ranging from tailoring, bead making, braiding, arts, writing, singing, dancing, to mention a few. These skills are built around the fulfillment of needs. Being unique and well packaged is an essential feature for success. Skills of this nature when properly acquired and applied can become a source of funds for an individual to support his or her education and general well being on a casual note. In the absence of good employment after school, the skills can become a full time source of income and an extra source when employment is gained.
While some vocational skills can be learnt in school, special training may be needed to fully learn these skills. Vocational skills are capable of adding great value to your life, both as a hobby and as a source of income. Multiple skills can also be learnt and training does not usually take long. The skill is perfected as practice continues.

Enhancing National Development through Entrepreneurship

One engages in entrepreneurship when, one begins to plan an organization that uses diverse resources, in an effort to take advantage of a newly found opportunity. It usually involves hard work, determination and naturally, the hope of significant financial returns (Gale Cengage, 2002). More importantly, entrepreneurship is characterized by creative solutions to old or overlooked problems; ingenuity and innovation are the entrepreneur's working tools. Drucker (1986) sees entrepreneurship as being the same with innovation. In his view, innovation is the tool and entrepreneurship is the workshop. By taking a new look at difficult situations; the entrepreneur discovers an opportunity where others might have seen a dead end. Key traits of highly effective entrepreneurs include ambition and a lack of acceptance of the status quo or accepting the world ‘as it is’. Successful entrepreneurship depends on many factors. Of primary importance is a dedicated, talented and creative entrepreneur.
The person who has the ideas, the energy and the vision to create a new business is the cornerstone to any start-up. But the individual must have ready access to a variety of important resources in order to make the new venture more than just a good idea. He or she needs to develop a plan of action; a road map that will take the venture from the idea stage, to a state of growth and institutionalization (Gale Cengage, 2002). Pandey (2002) describes a business as an organisation or a firm or technical unit that combines all the factors of production (land, labour, capital and entrepreneur) for the production of goods and services. In most instances, the entrepreneur also needs to put together a team of talented, experienced individuals to help manage the new venture's operations. Entrepreneurship also depends on access to capital, whether it be human, technological or financial. In short, entrepreneurship is a process that involves preparation and the involvement of others in order to exploit an opportunity for profit. The entrepreneur is driven by an emotional desire to address some of the big social and economic conditions in the world, for example, poverty and educational deprivation, rather than by the sole desire for profit. They strive to add value to life, even if in a little way.
Entrepreneurs often possess innate traits such as, a propensity for risk-taking. An entrepreneur characteristically innovates, introduces new technologies, increases efficiency, productivity or generates new products or services. The entrepreneur acts as a catalyst for economic change and research indicates that entrepreneurs are highly creative individuals who imagine new solutions by generating opportunities for profit or reward. Entrepreneurs are driven by a passionate desire to improve the society.

Beginning an enterprise would require the following steps to be taken;
Concept Formation
Before any business opens its doors, it must make crucial decisions about the way the business will be run. This first step in the entrepreneurial process is where the entrepreneur determines what kind of potential market exists for the business (market survey) and forms a rough idea of how to penetrate the existing market(business plan). During the concept formation stage, the entrepreneur must answer hard questions about the potential business as well as his or her own motivations for starting the business. The answers to these questions will provide the framework for future planning, growth and innovation. The laws governing the establishment of such a business are to be considered at this stage.
Resource Gathering
The first stage of the entrepreneurship process should give the individual enough information to decide whether or not the business has the capacity to meet the individual's personal and professional goals. Once the decision has been made, the entrepreneur may begin the second step in the entrepreneurial process; that of gathering the necessary resources. Without a sufficient supply of resources, the opportunity might never be turned into a business that makes money for the entrepreneur.
In the resource gathering stage; the entrepreneur begins to assemble the tools that he or she will need to make the business idea a reality. In general, a person has to gather three types of primary resources; capital (could be financial, physical, intellectual or technical), human/managerial (to include employees and advisers or partners) and time (appropriate timing is essential). The sort of enterprise you eventually venture into is better positioned for success if it is tailored into your chosen career. As an entrepreneur the first place to look for opportunities and resources is your professional environment. This creates a sense of competence and credibility in the venture thus, making your career a vital resource.
Organization Creation and Development
This stage of the entrepreneurial process is the actual establishment and opening of the business. During this stage, the entrepreneur goes from being just a visionary to a visionary with a business to run. One way to examine the changing managerial activities of the entrepreneur is to look at the different roles played by the entrepreneur, as the business develops.
As the founder of the organization, the entrepreneur sets the philosophy of the organization, establishes the strategic focus and educates new employees. In this role, the entrepreneur lays the groundwork for the emerging corporate culture. In addition, most entrepreneurs serve as the primary promoters for their new business. The mission of the new venture can only be fulfilled if the entrepreneur remains entrepreneurial throughout the life of the organization. That is, innovation has to be a primary strategy of the venture. The venture must be receptive to innovation and open to the possibilities inherent in change. Change must be seen as a positive thing for a business to remain entrepreneurial. Therefore, management of an entrepreneurial organization requires policies that encourage innovation and rewards those who innovate. If the venture is to remain dedicated to entrepreneurship, management has to take the lead in establishing the patterns that will lead to a dynamic, flexible and vital organization. Registration of the company as a corporate entity falls on this stage. Source: Encyclopedia of Small Business, ©2002 Gale Cengage.
Entrepreneurship is reputed to be a major driver of economic growth in any country. Every big business started small, though met with challenges along the line; it yet stood. The state of the local economy calls for the emergence of entrepreneurs to rescue the economy from collapse. Job creation should be the hope of graduates rather than job search. For every profession, there is an opportunity for enterprise to be explored along that line. There is need for some form of experience in the field, to sometimes be held before fruitful enterprise can be pursued. Fortunately, one does not need to complete a degree to begin fruitful enterprise. A small beginning faithfully pursued will eventually give birth to a huge conglomerate.
A more simplified framework is provided thus;
 Look around your environment to identify existing needs.
 Explore available resources to meet such needs identified.
 Once needs and resources are favourably identified, next is to ascertain what market exists for the solution you offer (good or service), not forgetting to assess existing competition and all factors that can hinder your business.
 Unique packaging and distribution of your offering comes next.
 Constant review and continuous improvement of your good or service will serve to keep you growing.
Aspiring entrepreneurs must be aware of the challenges that could be encountered in the course of setting up or growing an enterprise;
 Sabotage by competitors.
 Non-availability of sufficient resources (land, labour and capital).
 Harsh government policies.
 Poor planning and implementation.
 Theft and vandalism of property.
 Legal issues.
 Natural disasters.
 Hostile communities.
Having considered the benefits and challenges of enterprise, it remains a matter of choice, whether or not to be an entrepreneur. In becoming an entrepreneur, care must be taken not to get over involved in entrepreneurial pursuit to the disadvantage of academic progress. A productive mix of both is possible if discipline is employed.

So now i have decided to go be a mobile/web developer. I'm currently reading Php, MySql and Java. Also intending on starting my certifications next year. My question is can i lecture with a Bsc. in botany, a Pgd in Computer Science and an Msc. in Computer Science?

blado: So now i have decided to go be a mobile/web developer. I'm currently reading Php, MySql and Java. Also intending on starting my certifications next year. My question is can i lecture with a Bsc. in botany, a Pgd in Computer Science and an Msc. in Computer Science?

Yes you can. By doing the PGD you have effectively made a switch. So yes you can lecture. A PhD in that direction would get you consolidated.

Why You Need Sports and Recreation

Sports and recreation are physical activities skilfully and playfully indulged in for the purpose of competition or pleasure in an atmosphere of peace and relaxation. Sports and recreation have become an integral part of the school experience at all levels as a result of the valuable influence to students’ development. Several options abound in schools for students to choose from, as they deem fit. Physical activity provides the foundation for a healthy lifestyle and is associated with a range of benefits throughout life including; social interaction, increased attentiveness, confidence, health and overall well being. The advantages of sports and recreation are numerous, good thing is – there is a sport for everyone. From football, to tennis, racing to cycling, javelin to acrobatics, the choice is up to you.
Participation in sports and recreation eases the mind of stress, energizes the body and eliminates boredom. The tenets of sportsmanship, teamwork and discipline are inculcated in sports. Sportsmanship stands for fair play, courtesy toward teammates and opponents, integrity and grace in victory or defeat. It also helps participants appreciate competition and strategy, rules and regulations. These virtues come in handy in real life situations. Consideration is sometimes given as an added advantage to students who have excelled in sports for admission into universities in some countries. In most countries, scholarships may be awarded and laurels could be won.
Involvement in school sport activities can prepare students for a professional career in sports which can be very entertaining and at the same time, rewarding. Students should take active interest in sports both at school and in their community. Find the sport that fits you and train for it. One can engage in as many sports and recreation activities as time and interest would allow. Very strenuous activities may be risky for individuals with extreme medical conditions. Make sure you are medically fit for the sport you wish to partake in. Involvement in sports and recreation will continue to remain a vital part of your life even after school. Career men and women derive a lot of pleasure in playing sports and participating in recreational activities.

Exploring Scholarship Opportunities

A scholarship is an award of financial aid for a student to further education. Scholarships are awarded on various criteria usually reflecting the values and purposes of the sponsor or founder of the award. These awards are based on a student's academic, artistic, athletic or other abilities and often factor in an applicant's extra-curricular activities and community service record.
Scholarship awards are either full or partial. Several governments offer full scholarships for undergraduate and postgraduate studies, at home and abroad. In some cases governments give partial scholarships in form of bursaries to students or simply declare free education for particular groups or courses.
In the past, special scholarship considerations have been seen to be given by Government, individuals and corporate organisations to students with stellar performances in areas such as sports, arts and science.
In many countries, unconditional scholarship is awarded to individuals who pursue a military career through specialised training in designated institutions.
Be it art, athletics or academics, a student must stand out to qualify for scholarship. The internet presents ample opportunities for international and local scholarships. Each scholarship provider is looking for different skills or interests. A winner must not only meet all of the standard criteria required for the scholarship, but also distinguish himself from the rest of the applicants. Read about the scholarship offers and try to determine what exactly the scholarship provider is looking for, so that you can emphasize your related qualities in your application.

Hi zinton,tnks 4 opening dis thread.a very gud in english,literature,govt.pple tld me many at tyms dat i can make a gud media personnel.bt i dnt wana apply 4 any of dis media courses cos of rush 4 dm.am going 4 lib nd info sci.wil dat in anyway take me 2 d media world? If nt wat r d possible field a lib sci nd info sci,can b sucexful in.waitin 4 ur reply.

Adaobi12: Hi zinton,tnks 4 opening dis thread.a very gud in english,literature,govt.pple tld me many at tyms dat i can make a gud media personnel.bt i dnt wana apply 4 any of dis media courses cos of rush 4 dm.am going 4 lib nd info sci.wil dat in anyway take me 2 d media world? If nt wat r d possible field a lib sci nd info sci,can b sucexful in.waitin 4 ur reply.

Morning Ada,
I have always been of the opinion that personal success is more a function of self than offered course.
Library and information science is a rich course that can lead to diverse other fields. It mostly depends on the personal touch an individual gives to it to determine progress.
There's a lot you can do ranging from the traditional to the emerging.
For traditional you will be looking at things like library work, archiving, cataloguing and lecturing.
The emerging aspect would tend towards things like blogging, research and a digital version of the traditional aspects. When you look at the likes of google and wikipedia you would see that they are simply products of information science, so also the book; Career Choice: All you need to know -which you need to get by the way.
And yes, media is also open. Since you have information and media is about facts, then of course there has to be a meeting point. Remember that media is not just about appearing on TV or radio. There are so many things happening in the background. A football reporter for example would work well with a sound knowledge of the history and dynamics related to the game.

Thank you.

CHOOSING AND DEVELOPING A CAREER

I am delighted to be in your midst today. It is always a great feeling for me to be amongst young minds such as you. Our discussion will be on “Choosing and Developing a Career”. We will be looking at it in line with the theme for this year’s programme – “The Victorious Christian Youth”.
First I would like to hear from you what your definition of career is.
Your personal definition of career goes a long way to tell what your perception about your preferred career is built on. Career choice can be anchored on a number of factors; wealth, fame, convenience, passion, skill or a yearning to affect your world. It could even be due to peer influence or glamour.
Choosing a career has to be anchored on one’s suitability for the preferred career from school to practise.
Factors to consider in choosing a career
Career choice development is hinged on a number of factors. The more these factors are fulfilled, the better your chances. While the factors are all important, an individual may not necessarily have to meet every single one of them to be successful. Once a profession for which a substantial amount of factors are met is discovered; then you are good to go.
Some of these factors include;
Subject combination – arts, science, business, social sciences:
There is great significance to the subjects a student combines at the senior secondary level. Subjects are aligned to certain career paths; a failure to make adequate combination of subjects can ruin a student’s chances at a desired career.
A student whose future career is science inclined would do well to offer all available science subjects. The same applies for business and arts inclined professions
Physical factors – height, body size, handicap, health, allergies, disability:
In the military, a lot of attention is paid on the physique of intending soldiers. No room exists for people who are not tall enough or have a small frame. All soldiers are certified to be medically fit and without handicap or disability.
Psychological factors - personality type, intelligence, interest (passion), talents, phobia (extreme fear), stereotypes (false ideas), fantasies:
People are most productive when there is a good match between their personality type and their career. Career choice should not be made on the basis of fantasies which at best are misleading, but on strong psychological values like interest and intelligence. They hold the capacity to drive you to success in that career.
A realistic assessment of one’s talents, self concept and the tendency to feel satisfaction in the profession is key. Talents enable you to do things with relative ease and precision. Your choice of career should permit the skilful use of your talents. A caring personality (personality type), is sure to make a good nurse (profession) but not with the fear of blood (haemophobia) and not without knowing science (intelligence).
A job for which just mere doing it gives satisfaction to the professional will continually be loved, even when external gain is removed or reduced – that is passion. You can hardly succeed at something, if you don’t enjoy doing it. Passion would see you through moments of challenge in the study and practise of your chosen career.
Financial factors – cost, affordability:
Pursuing some professions incurs huge costs. One has to consider the capacity of self or that of sponsors to afford such costs before making a choice.
Choosing a course for which you lack sufficient finances is akin to not making any choice at all. It is not that the expensive courses are better than the others but they require more resources for training. Take an aviation academy where pilots are trained for example. Real planes are used – procurement and maintenance of which is not cheap.
Environmental factors - availability of resources:
What resources exist in your local environment for the training and practise of your desired career? Your answer to this determines how realistic your choice is. It is unrealistic for one to aspire into marine biology in a desert country without having to relocate. You have better chances of success when you study a course for which there exist ample resources in your area.
STEPS TO TAKE
Identify the Problem or Decision to be made:
This is the first step in the career choice process. The decision to be made is selecting a career.
Gather Information:
Information gathering in career choice rests on two important factors – self and occupation of interest. A critical assessment of oneself in terms of interests, abilities, values, potentials, limitations and lifestyle preferences in relation to the available occupations is necessary. Evaluate job demands, opportunities, job hazards (dangers), job environment, job satisfaction, reward system and all the features that motivate you towards the occupations of interest. Leave nothing to chance.
Identify Possible Options:
Options which have little or no correlation to self attributes are thus discarded to leave a workable number of alternatives.
Weigh the Facts:
Evaluate all remaining options. Have in mind that other options may be reconsidered in future.
Take Action:
At this point, selection of an occupation or job towards which an individual feels wilfully inclined is made. One must bear in mind that the choice might give way to compromise for another if the selection is found not to be favourable.
Make a plan for the implementation of the decision. The plan must be time-bound, challenging and yet, realistic. This could include further researching the choice by direct exposure through visitation to work environment, assessment of academic competence and discussing with professionals in the field. Through the internet, a lot of information can be found about the profession; it will help you decide. How do you aspire to become a prominent journalist when you haven’t even joined your school press club?
Review the Decision:
Evaluate the action taken with a view to establishing the suitability of work to self. Endeavour to make adjustments where necessary. Remember that career is a lifetime pursuit, if it is not suitable, there is no managing it. There is always a ‘best’ option – go for it.
Make an Action Plan:
Write the steps and a timetable that you need to accomplish to meet the goal then follow it diligently. The goal here is, to be the best in that profession. This begins by first ensuring good academic performance in school and an excellent character.
DEVELOPING YOUR CAREER
Having chosen a career path, your development and growth will depend on the personal effort you put into making sure that you’re the best in that profession. You must strive to continuously improve yourself by growing your skills and keeping pace with the developments around you. You must exhibit great talent, honesty and insight. Be nice, knowledgeable and read books. Keep learning – it never ends. Most importantly, you have to hold strongly to God, for He cares and is ever willing to help.
The victorious Christian youth is one who will take charge of his or her life in such a way as to conquer the earth by adding value to human existence.
You have to believe in the potential that are inert to you as endowed by God and explore to the benefit of the human race. You must dare to think big and work in line with that.
You must impact your generation – you don’t have to be president before you make an impact
Some of the greatest people on earth are not even political leaders but people who have made significant attempt at shaping the human race through their profession, business or personal sacrifice.
STORY OF DAVID
I feel like there’s a lot to learn from David’s life.
King David was first a shepherd boy before he became king over Israel. At the time when God sent Samuel to the house of Jesse to anoint for him a new king after Saul. Samuel did not know who amongst the eight sons of Jesse was the Lord’s chosen. He saw Eliab who was tall in stature and confident and thought to himself it was he the Lord had chosen but lo it wasn’t. God is not moved by the outward appearance of man. Samuel screened all the other children and still didn’t find the one. Then he had to ask if there was any missing. Jesse thus declared that David was in the field tending to the sheep. It was after they waited for him and he arrived that he was revealed as the Lord’s anointed king over Israel. David was the last son. Notice that he was out on his father’s business while the others where home. David is one example of a victorious Christian youth. He was faithful in the work that he did and the Lord took notice of him.
CONCLUSION
It doesn’t matter so much what you do as how you do it. Are you adding an ‘extra’ to your ‘ordinary’? Have you begun now to sow the seeds that will eventually yield victory? You have got to start now. When you look in the mirror, who do you see; a victor or a failure? Your life at home and in school will give a clue about how your future would be. We must continually strive for excellence so the world can be a better place.
As you work diligently towards building a career, I pray earnestly that the promises in Joshua chapter one, verse eight will be perfected in your lives.
Thank you,
Adamu Sakaba

Benefits and Dangers of Studying Abroad

When you leave your country to pursue your education in another country, you are said to be studying abroad. Have you considered studying abroad, but are not sure whether it's worth the effort? If you ask anybody who has studied abroad, he or she will most certainly tell you it was a life changing experience and one of the most rewarding things he or she has ever done.
People explore foreign study for different reasons. Some of the factors are as found below;
Poor standard of education in home country:
Lack of adequate teaching methods and facilities make learning difficult. In addition to this; an unstable academic system, cultism, corruption, overcrowding and poorly trained teachers are all signs of poor standard education. People who lack a good standard of education in their home country would prefer to study in a country where the standard is higher.
Non-availability of intended course of study:
For one reason or another, some courses may not be offered in your home country despite the need for their services. In such a situation, studying abroad becomes the only option for someone who intends to study such a course.
International perspective and exposure:
The desire to have an international view to your studies and expose yourself to a whole new world is a factor that could push you to explore foreign study.
Exploration:
A quest to broaden horizons by studying in an environment different from yours, gives the chance to explore a totally new experience. There is the opportunity of meeting new people and learning new things, which may not be in your country.
Status symbolism:
More often than not, studying in a foreign country would cost more. People are sometimes driven to study abroad by the desire to be seen as being wealthy. It is a symbol of their rich status.
Political and social instability:
Foreign study can serve as an escape from crisis and uncertainty to a peaceful and better assured country, where learning is fun and easy.
Better opportunities:
Quite a number of people go to another country to study with the hope to enjoy the job opportunities that exist there, during and after their study.
Perhaps you are not certain what benefits you can reap from an extended stay in a foreign country. Here are ten (10) excellent reasons given by Vistawide.com (2004) on why you should make consideration:
1. Studying abroad is the optimal way to learn a language. There is no better and more effective way to learn a language than to be immersed in a culture that speaks the language you are learning. You're surrounded by the language on a daily basis and are seeing and hearing it in the proper cultural context. Language learning happens most quickly under these circumstances.
2. It provides the opportunity to travel. Weekends and academic breaks allow you to venture out and explore your surroundings - both your immediate and more distant surroundings. You are much closer to places you might otherwise not have had the opportunity to visit.
3. It allows you get to know another culture first-hand. Cultural differences are more than just differences in language, food, appearances and personal habits. A person's culture reflects very deep perceptions, beliefs and values that influence his or her way of life and the way that he or she views the world. Students who experience cultural differences personally, can come to truly understand where other cultures are coming from.
4. It will help you develop skills and give you experiences a classroom setting will never provide. It's an opportunity to discover new strengths and abilities, conquer new challenges and solve new problems. You will encounter situations that are wholly unfamiliar to you and will learn to adapt and respond in effective ways.
5. It gives you the opportunity to make friends around the world. While abroad, you will meet not only natives to the culture in which you are studying, but also other international students who are as far from home as yourself. You equally have the opportunity to sell your country abroad and make useful contacts.
6. It helps you to learn about yourself. Students who study abroad return home with new ideas and perspectives about themselves and their own culture. The experience abroad often challenges them to reconsider their own beliefs and values. The experience may perhaps strengthen those values or it may cause students to alter or abandon them and embrace new concepts and perceptions. The encounter with other cultures enables students to see their own culture through new eyes.
7. It expands your worldview. Students who study abroad return home with an informed and much less biased perspective toward other cultures and peoples. It broadens horizons and leaves them better informed about the world.
8. It gives you the opportunity to break out of your academic routine. You may become familiar with an entirely new academic system and you will have the chance to take courses not offered in your home country. It's also a great opportunity to break out the monotony of the routine you follow semester after semester. It can provide specialised training and practical experiences not available at institutions in your home country.
9. It enhances employment opportunities. Through an employer's eyes, a student who has studied abroad is self-motivated, independent, willing to embrace challenges and able to cope with diverse problems and situations. Your experience living and studying in a foreign country, negotiating another culture and acquiring another language will all set you apart from the majority of other job applicants.
10. It can enhance the value of your degree. While abroad, you can take courses you would never have had the opportunity to take in your home country.
While the benefits of studying abroad are enormous, dangers yet exist. Some of the dangers are;
 Minors are at the risk of losing their cultural and moral values if left to study abroad with minimal supervision from their parents.
 Children studying abroad and away from their parents can easily miss out on parental love and guidance. A loss they may never recover from.
 Family bond and understanding can significantly be weakened by a long and distant stay of members studying abroad.
 Foreign students are mostly influenced more by strangers than their relatives. This situation can create a huge gap between relatives.
 Foreign students may be exposed to social and cultural practises that are not encouraged in their country.
 Discrimination may be suffered by students who go to study in a country that is hostile to foreigners.
 Foreign students are easy targets for gang enrolment and harassment.
 Foreign students may continue to stay on after their studies and refuse to return home.
 Difficulty in adjusting to the new country (weather, accent, language, customs, diet, lifestyle, laws).
Studying abroad makes necessary the procurement of a student visa from the host country’s embassy. An outline of basic conditions for the issuance of a Visa as required by most embassies is as given below;
 Admission into desired institution must be secured in advance. Requirements differ according to courses and countries but are relatively the same as what applies in local schools. Foreign examinations are sometimes prescribed. More information can be gathered from the schools of choice through their websites and local agents.
 All academic certificates must be authenticated by the Home country’s Department or Ministry of Education.
 A valid International Passport and authenticated Birth Certificate.
 Full understanding of the costs involved in going to study in the chosen country and a proven capacity to finance same.
 Evidence of strong motivation and initiative to study.
 Applicants must show commitment to return to their home country on completion of programme.
 Evidence of the ability and commitment to making a significant contribution to their home country on their return.
 Proof of a crime free history and an undertaking to remain law abiding.
 A medical report is sometimes required.

LEADING A TEAM

Some people believe that a team (or a people) deserves the kind of leaders they have. Their explanation is that the team's actions largely determines the reactions of the leader i.e. the team members actions will mostly determine how the leader would relate with them. However for most of us who have been thrust with this huge responsibility out of our own desires, by virtue of promotion, selection or by happenstance or circumstance we have come to realize that leading a team, a people or a nation is more of an art and a lifestyle.
Contrary to my opening remark, I believe that a team needs the right leader and not the right team needing a leader. A team needs the right leader to help them become better, productive and fulfilled in an out of the work environment. This is a tough call for the would-be leader. This responsibility behooves on him or her to learn the art, science and skills sets needed to become an effective leader and turn it into a lifestyle. You need to love and be ready to lead for you to excel in leadership. It is not the team that makes the leader but more of the leader making the team. Just like Donald Trump's celebrity show "The Apprentice” the leader of the team takes a whole lot of pressure which he or she transfers to his team members and privileges’ which he mostly keeps to himself and this attitude is replicated in the corporate world. Leading is a big deal and there are 10 tips I will briefly dwell on hoping that they would help you become better at leading your team.
1. Be Involved: A leader needs to be involved in his team's activities. In my experience as a sales team member as well as a leader, I discovered that rolling up your sleeves, together with your team members is a sure fire way to getting results. Don’t ask them to do as you said but go ahead to showing them how it’s going to get done. Participate in discovering your team's strategy for your unit and encourage them to participate too. Don’t force your decisions down on their throats but let them know why these decisions are important and critical to the realization of the team's goals.
2. Be Supportive: "I can’t make this call with you because I'm in a bad mood". I am sure you might have heard about this statement or possibly had experienced it before from your team leader, superior or boss? A lot of leaders refuse to support their team members yet to expect them to turn up with their assigned figures. For some leaders, if something is not to their favor, then you are on your own as a team member. Supporting your team members will develop their self confidence and also grow their trust in you. Ensure that you make yourself available and accessible and be noted for always offering a helping hand.
3. Be Responsible: The buck stops at a leaders' desk. Taking responsibility is one of the attributes of leadership. Some leaders are quick to castigate their team members for the drop in sales, mismanagement of a client’s portfolio, botched advertising campaign and so on. If as a leader you were involved and supportive, chances are that you wouldn’t have needed to be defensive or quick to condemn anyone. As a leader, you must learn to take responsibility for your team members' actions.
4. Be Inspiring: I used to work under a boss who would bark at you even if you greeted her in the morning. Apparently, she never sees the good in every morning. She would respond telling you what is good about the morning? This singular response could get you depressed all day. It didn’t take long for us to see the evil and pessimism in the activities of the day. A leader's disposition should be such that it would inspire his team.
5. Be A Visionary: No matter how small your team is, ensure that your design a vision and a mission statement that aligns with that of your organization. Develop an action plan and let there be team buy-in to ensure its success. Live the vision and the mission and also ensure that all your team members do so too.
6. Be Enthusiastic: Do not always be the one that paints the gloomy picture. Instead of showing areas of failures why don’t you emphasize the areas of growth and possible improvement? The leader must know more and be more so as to rise above the team. Yes, sales figures might be dwindling but don’t you think that there are more creative ways of giving them hope. Look at the big picture. What do you see?
7. Don’t condemn but correct: There is a vast difference between condemnation and correction. While the former is reactive the latter is proactive. Condemnation means that there is a judgment that is unlikely to be reversed while correction means there is a room for improvement. People will make mistakes and understanding that will help sharpen your managerial and leadership skills. You shouldn’t kill an ant with a sledge hammer.
8. Delegate But Participate: As a leader, while you delegate tasks and duties be willing to participate so as to ensure proper management, correct and improve the entire outcome. You should not be an arm chair critic or like an ostrich burying its head in the sand while leaving its entire body in the open hoping to avert an impending attack. Show your team members that you care and if possible don’t micro-manage. Create some room for delegation but make sure that you know what each team member is involved in.
9. Groom A Successor: A leader must create an avenue for mentoring your team members. You will possibly not stay with the team forever and at some point it is important that you share your expertise with at least a team member. Grooming your successor should not be partial or prejudicial but must be done based on willingness and merit.
10. Believe In Your Team: I intentionally put this as the last tip because if you follow the first nine tips and show your time members that you don’t believe in them, then all would have been in vain. Show them you believe in them. Say it loud, clearly and be truthful about it.

Developing the lifestyle of a leader will help you become better at leading your team. Whether you are leading a team, a company, a nation or a family know that it is a privilege and a duty that is sacred and divine.

Kolawole Kehinde writes on Leadership, customer relationship management, time management and positive living. You can read more articles at www.rosewindowcoonsulting.com and reach him on kola@rosewindowconsulting.com.

Special Education for Special Students

Special education covers all the services that are offered to students for whom learning in a normal classroom is inadequate in a bid to enable them learn appropriately. Akujo (1989) defined special education as the education that is tailored to the special needs of the learner. Special services are rendered to them either as part of a normal school or in a special school. It is important for this category of students to be supported towards reaching their maximum potential for the greater good of the society.
Below is an outline of the various categories of special students;
Visually impaired:
These are individuals with poor eye sight or a total inability to see. While some people are born with this condition, others acquire them from accident or disease. While surgery can be used to correct some visual impairments, others can learn to read with the help of brailles.
Hearing impaired:
Hearing impairment has to do with difficulty in hearing or, a complete inability to hear sounds of any kind. Hearing aids exist for hard-of-hearing individuals while those who can hear at all may learn lip reading and sign language.
Speech disordered:
The speech disordered individuals are those who are unable to speak or whose speech cannot be understood by others. People with this condition are taught to communicate using sign language and gestures or by writing.
Physically challenged:
This condition makes daily life difficult by affecting movement and work. Birth defect, accident, disease and abnormal growth are some of the causes of physical challenge. With the help of wheel chairs, crutches and prosthesis, this challenge can be greatly reduced.
Mentally challenged:
Mental challenge represents a lower than normal capacity to reason. People with this condition need extra help and time to understand and comprehend their environment. Repeated practise and a gradual move from easy to difficult tasks, in a very relaxed atmosphere is a good way to remedy this condition.
Learning disabled:
Learning disability is a condition whereby there is great difference between what an individual knows or does and what he or she is capable of knowing or doing. Basically, the learning disabled individual performs far less than his or her capacity to read, write or do maths. Special teaching is necessary to help such individuals overcome this challenge.
Gifted:
The gifted and highly talented individuals are those who possess academic or other qualities above their normal level. They are of higher intelligence than their peers and may have special abilities in particular fields. Gifted individuals must be given tough challenges to prevent them from being bored. They need to be placed in special environments where they can have access to the kind of resources they are particularly good with.
The right to education is guaranteed by the constitution. Every learner must be met at his or her own level; no child should be left out of school. It does not matter if learning is slow; as long as steady progress is being made. Special education gives everyone the opportunity to learn and may take one of the following forms (Stones, 1966);

Special schools:
Special schools are those separate from the normal ones with the sole aim of educating individuals with special needs. Such schools would normally have special professionals like nurses, psychologists, special education teachers and an environment favourable for the learners. Age may not be used as a criterion for class placement in such a school as every learner is allowed to learn at his or her own pace. Learners are taught using special methods and materials.
Special classes:
Special classes are those found within a normal school where special attention is paid to the needs of special students. The aim of such a class is to help the learners reach their highest potential using special methods not available in the normal classroom. The learners may still interact with other students as they please.
Remedial services:
These are services offered so as to remedy the learning challenges of special students within a normal school and classroom. An individual and personal approach is used to support the students learning both in class and outside the class. The teacher pays extra and specific attention to the special student(s) in his or her class such that, they progress together with their classmates.
Unlike normal students, special needs students need extra help identifying and developing their skills and abilities. They should be made aware of and prepared for career opportunities available to them without their challenges stopping them. Whatever the disability, while difficulties will be faced; there is no limit to what can be achieved. When given the chance, special needs individuals have been seen to excel in academics and various careers.
Harmful attitudes and behaviour towards disabled children often isolate them from the mainstream, resulting in an unnecessary disturbance of their normal development so that, they end up being more handicap than they need be (Thorburn, 1988). Teachers should be patient, considerate and alert as well as being resourceful and friendly with special students in order to motivate them. Help should be sought when needed and close contact must be maintained with parents. Efforts should be made towards boosting students’ self esteem and independence. They must realise that their disabilities do not necessarily translate to inabilities or a lack of capacity to succeed, but challenges that can be surmounted by strong will and determination. Special students should in fact, be made less conscious of their disadvantages and more conscious of their capacities.
Derogatory descriptions like blind, deaf, dumb, retarded and handicapped should be avoided. The use of such terms exposes the social immaturity and insensitivity of the person who chooses to use them – that in itself a handicap.
Special needs students should not hesitate to seek help when the need arises and learn to relate freely in the society. There is a greater tendency for other students to look down on you as a special need student when you look down on yourself. You must understand that your condition is no fault of yours, don’t ever allow yourself to think you are less than the others. Though the challenges may be tough; have it at the back of your mind that in the end, your success at school and work will be judged, not by the challenges you face but by the outcome of how you utilised the many abilities hidden in you. The only limitations to success in study and practise, for special students are the ones they set for themselves. Their potentials are without limit, it only takes for them to believe and act accordingly.

Repositioning Yourself through Adult Education

Adult education is a term used to describe the type of education received by people who for some reason(s), were unable to access such learning at an earlier time. It is sometimes referred to as continuing education. Teaching is focused on the immediate needs of the learner. The learners would either have started school but didn’t finish or never even attended school. Whatever the case, the period would normally require some form of adjustment for the learner. Depending on how long ago the learner left school and at what level he or she did take leave, being back in school would pose a number of difficulties. In most cases, adult learners are mixed with young learners who have no knowledge of what difficulties their adult colleagues face.
The priority of the adult learner should be the gains of being able to complete his or her education rather than the challenges to be faced. Not being well educated could pose a much greater challenge to the future of such a person. Knowledge is power; there is no reason why anyone should deny self such power. At work and in the home, the education an individual possesses plays a vital role.
Adult education should be explored by uneducated and under-educated adults so they too can reap the benefits of education while they still can. Education may not necessarily be a guarantee to success in life; it however makes better, ones chances at making progress in life.
As an adult learner, you;
 tend to be self-directed,
 have a rich reservoir of experience that can serve as a resource for learning,
 are frequently affected by your need to know or do something,
 tend to have a life-, task-, or problem-centred orientation to learning as opposed to a subject-matter orientation,
 are generally motivated to learn from within (internal drive) as opposed to being obligated, or subject to external forces.
(Imel, 1994).
Adult learners, as they return to and progress through their education, often question their original assumptions and motivation as they use education to recreate their lives.
As such, your learning will be more successful if you;
 take an active role in planning, monitoring and evaluating your education,
 take a practical approach to your learning,
 discard preconceived notions about what school is and isn't; open your mind to the experience and show much regards for your educators as much as to your co-learners,
 choose subjects and courses that are most relevant to your job/vocation or personal life that fits into your academic programme,
 are goal oriented and focused,
 set your mind on what is to be achieved and accept neither discouragement nor intimidation.
(Knowles, 1984).
It’s never too late to learn. Enrolling in adult education helps you to reposition yourself for the pursuit of a fulfilling career. A career upon which the rest of your life will eventually be built and a platform for you to contribute immensely to the development of your dear country. Adult education repositions and equips the learner to lead the rest of his or her life more productively.

*Hurriedly grabs chair* *even if its 4th row*

Victoriousvic: Hello!
Please, how can I get a copy of the e-book?

Send your request to the publisher at saxadngr@gmail.com and you will be guided accordingly.

Thanks.

Political Aspiration and Leadership

By political aspiration we mean a yearning to hold public office with a view to providing purposeful leadership to the people. Any and every professional can be a politician; it does not matter whether you are male or female. Political offices range from executive to legislative and exist at Federal, State and Local levels. The procedure for holding political office involves holding membership of a political party, on whose platform a contest is made for the desired position against other candidates.
Political office is a trust, a call not only to lead but to serve. Leadership demands that you take responsibility for the progress of your constituency, state or nation. Service connotes a commitment to put the needs of your people over self. It involves personal sacrifice and concerted efforts towards upgrading the overall status of your people. A good leader must manifest a sincere pursuit for the happiness of his or her people rather than selfish gain. Successful leadership is measured by the delivery of progressive dividends - attainment of goals, fulfilment of promises, provision of infrastructure, resolution of crisis, improvement of standard of living amongst others.
Leadership is not exclusive to politics. Opportunities to lead are presented on several other platforms. Leadership of professional bodies is one of such. Be it politics or otherwise, the tenets of leadership remain the same – only that the dimension may differ. Whatever leadership position one holds, such a person must strive to set great legacies, having already beaten those previously set. Care must be taken to not become overtaken by the wrongful use of official powers. It amounts to a betrayal of trust against those who have vested such powers in you. The fate a constituency enjoys or suffers is a direct product of leadership. Bad leadership brings a state or organization to ruins. The school is a veritable breeding ground for the development of leaders. Opportunities are afforded students to experience leadership while in school. Students who aspire to lead in the future can start off from school and let their aspirations grow with them.
Eligibility for civic leadership would mostly border on constitutional provisions, some of the conditions are:
(a) Citizenship and age;
(b) Education;
(c) Political affiliation;
For most countries, no person shall be qualified for elective office if:
(a) He or she has voluntarily acquired the citizenship of a country other than his own or, except in such cases as may be prescribed by law, has made a declaration of allegiance to such a country;
(b) Under any law in force, he or she is adjudged to be a lunatic or otherwise declared to be of unsound mind;
(c) He or she is under a sentence of death imposed on him by any competent court of law or tribunal or a sentence of imprisonment or fine for an offence involving dishonesty or fraud (by whatever name called) or any other offence imposed on him by such a court or tribunal or substituted by a competent authority for any other sentence imposed on him by such a court;
(d) He or she is an undischarged bankrupt, having been adjudged or otherwise declared bankrupt under any law in force.
The level of success you achieve in school and career practise go a long way in determining how your capability for leadership will be judged. It is advisable that you put up an outstanding performance and conduct yourself well to build trust among the people you intend to lead.

Career Choice: Matters Arising

Having said all, career choice and development is not an activity cast in stone. In as much as career can be planned and implemented; things may not always go in the way of the plan. Despite all said and done, things can go wrong. Though several factors have been enumerated as being crucial to career plan and progression; the outcome is not always as predicted. While every individual is vital to his or her career development, it is wrong to assume that he or she is in absolute control of the outcome. Such will only amount to self deceit. The need therefore arises to draw attention to issues that are likely to question the earlier variables.
This chapter highlights the areas of contention that may arise in relation to career planning and development and, proposes means by which their disadvantages can be minimised and the advantages optimised. This suggests that some of the threats to your plan can actually turn out in your favour. These peculiarities are largely outside the individual’s control but of high impact to planned career objectives.
For ease of comprehension, they will be dealt with on item basis.

Degree – diploma disparity
Graduates of universities and those of polytechnics, institutes and other such schools, are often not accorded the same standing in employment and promotion. More privileges and opportunities are extended to the university degree holders than their polytechnic diploma holding counterparts irrespective of the fact that they may both have spent the same years in training. Diploma holders are however credited with being more immersed in practical learning. It is important to bear these in mind when deciding among the two. But then again, the choice is mostly involuntary. One must make the best use of his or her qualification – whatever it is.

Accreditation of schools and courses
The accreditation status of schools and the courses they offer is an important concern. Accreditation is given by the government and sometimes by professional bodies.
Accreditation is at two levels. One covers the entire institution and the other is for courses offered. Students should confirm from the appropriate authorities, the accreditation status of both their school of choice and their chosen course. A denial of accreditation implies that the school or course, as the case maybe, is considered unfit and as such, its products are not recognised. Taking a course there is tantamount to time wasting thus, the need to confirm.

The admission process
Gaining admission into tertiary institutions in some countries can be quite a hassle, even with good qualifications. There is massive shortage of school space and competition is stiff. Merit, politics and quota system are often used as criterion for selection. Most public institutions have catchment areas, that is, areas within which applicants are better favoured for consideration. These are usually states or regions that have close proximity to the institution. Students should try to position themselves favourably.
Often times, applicants are made to change their course of study to ensure even spread. This can deal a terrible blow to such an individual’s career ambition. Rather than despair, it is advisable for the concerned applicant to remain focused and explore a positive approach to the situation. The situation may turn out good if well managed.

Serendipity
Career decisions are not iron cast. Changes need to be made as need arises. Serendipity means a "happy accident" or "pleasant surprise"; specifically, the accident of finding something good or useful while not specifically searching for it (Wikipedia). It takes a critical and smart person to recognise the good and useful in the accident as an opportunity.
In the course of implementing your career plans, certain accidental discoveries may question your initial plans. A sincere and objective consideration of these discoveries may lead you to adjust your plans to suit the new reality for even better results.

Study - practice dichotomy
Studying a particular course and gaining employment in an unrelated industry has become a common feature of society today. A need may arise to switch jobs. A move from one industry to another. Adjustment becomes necessary for progress to be made on the job. Special training would sometimes be necessary and learning on the job can also take place.
Ultimately, an open and willing mind is critical. Students are encouraged to build their knowledge base across all borders so as to build versatility for ease of adjustment in such a case.

Double profession
What are the factors that could lead someone into becoming say, a medical journalist? A mix of talent, passion, opportunity and knowledge, amongst others. If you are passionate about medicine and talented at writing; who says you can’t do both? Don’t let your talents lie idle. In this case, you may choose to specialise in writing medical stories and reports. As long as you are able to cope and you derive satisfaction in doing them, there is no stopping you. Many more of such avenues exist across board. The message here is to accept no limitations to what you can achieve.

Economic realities
Unemployment and underemployment are now the order of the day. However, there are jobs with high demand and often better pay when compared to others. Job security is different for most professions. Some jobs have seasonal boom. The room for progression in a career is a vital factor to consider in career choice and development. Students must bear in mind that jobs that are saturated will pose employment and promotion challenges while those with scarcity of professionals are easier to break into and progress.
For instance, there are so many teachers around and very few information technology experts available. It makes logical sense that the I.T professionals would find it easier to get jobs and would most likely earn better welfare.

Poor teaching standards
Many graduates are thought theories that they are not able to apply in real life situation. In developing countries, standards have fallen to such an extent that half baked graduates are being churned out every now and then. Students should make adequate arrangements that will expose them to important practical knowledge rather than rely wholly on what is taught in class. This will make them competitive in the field of work against those who have not compensated for the lack.
There is presently a disconnect between school and industry. Organisations and schools should partner in such a way as to provide specialised training and workplace exposure for students, so as to have graduates who can fit well in industry.

Social integration
The whole of human life is interconnected. One’s social life is as important as going to school. The need is more pronounced for professions that call for interaction with diverse people. You must project a positive, confident and trustworthy self image. You also have to be street smart and environmentally conscious. This will help you to perform your job better.
In making your career plans, you should take cognisance of the suitability for the environment within which you will eventually operate. How sustainable is the role and would it be accepted by the people? The answers to these questions will determine whether your career can be easily integrated into the society.

Career expectations
A lot of people go into jobs without knowing the expectations of the role. Some eventually find themselves as being unable to cope for several reasons. You have to assess yourself critically to know whether you are a good fit for the career you wish to pursue vis-à-vis the demands.
Employment and progression processes may differ. Tough targets, slow promotion, distant posting and threat to parenthood are possible challenges. Some jobs are very time-consuming and require a lot of energy and commitment. Not everyone can withstand the pressure and personal sacrifice involved. There are peculiar professional challenges and job characteristics that have to be considered in the course of career planning. Consultation with practitioners in your desired field is the best way to get vital information that will help you assess your readiness and suitability.

PROFESSIONS AND SPECIALIZATIONS

Every profession is a service. The overall importance of every profession is to add value to life. There are some professions that have smaller units within them that render special services; they are referred to as specializations. Among medical doctors (profession), you would find pediatricians (specialization). For every profession, the level to which its services fulfill the needs of mankind seems often to create a benchmark of prestige on the practitioners. Immense caution must be taken not to lend credence to the invalid notion of minor and major professions. This is due to the relevance each profession beholds in the development of the nation. Every profession bestows on itself the relevance it gets. In other words, the professionals make the profession what it is seen to be. This draws attention to service delivery, job value attachment, passion, dedication, ethical standards and integrity shown by those concerned.
Specialization involves being an expert in a particular area of work in addition to the general competence held. For most professions, postgraduate study leads to specialization and greater expertise. Postgraduate study also gives opportunity for a new line of study to be explored; in which case, horizons are broadened. Postgraduate study can be undertaken immediately after undergraduate studies or after some professional practice. The common categories of postgraduate awards are Masters and Doctorate degrees in that order.
Membership of professional organisations is a fruitful career practice. It increases one’s credibility in the field. Vistas for professional interaction and affiliations are offered. The opportunity to explore an array of ideas, knowledge and human resources is also available - one that would promote development and advancement in the profession. Professional concerns are tackled as a common front even as mutual interests are collectively pursued. A wall is built around members to protect their professional rights from being infringed upon. Every profession has got rules and procedures that guide its practitioners. These must be followed by professionals to maintain the sanctity and respectability of the profession.
In addition to the above, an ideal professional would update his or her knowledge regularly by attending relevant seminars, workshops and conferences. Some research should be done in your field with a view to making innovations and improving the status of your profession. Uniqueness, ingenuity, enthusiasm and dedicated practice are among the attributes that can help propel an individual into being the best in his or her chosen profession. Leaders in professional circles are often those who have committed themselves to growing their profession by solving problems and creating new ideas.
Professions and specializations (where applicable) are briefly described in ‘Career Choice’; followed by an outline of relevant personal traits and demands of the job. Professions with significant similarities are treated together. The major subjects to be considered are also listed with a list of some institutions were such knowledge can be sought, given for each profession. Readers are advised to visit the Joint Admissions and Matriculation Board (JAMB) website as well as those of the National Universities Commission (NUC) and National Board for Technical Education (NBTE) for a complete list of tertiary institutions in Nigeria and the courses they are accredited to offer as only a few are given there. Subsequent posts, as previous, will feature excerpts from the book for your reading pleasure.
In the mean time, keep being the best you can be - in all that you do!

- Adamu Sakaba

vizboy:
Have read through and i must say am impress.
Here is my problem am good with biology and chemistry but my problem is i cant stand drugs or blood so i dont think i will be good in those field. But am not too good with physics and mathematics but i have passion for web designing,site creation and computer engineering what should i do.

Go to people who knw those subjects very well and ask them questions on what you dont understand. Make those subjects ur friend ,buy text books read them ahead of your teacher so that where u dont understand u can ask question from your teacher in the class. And most importantly, pray.

Zinton:


Yes you can. By doing the PGD you have effectively made a switch.

On the PGD.
In engineering, there is a provision for PGD in some of its fields for science graduates. Does this degree with a Master's (in Engineering) qualify one for an engineer?

Pls i would like to know the career prospects of a graduate of BiologyEDU,
what are the steps i need to pass through to become a Lecturer

hello zinton. this is a good thread. i've been searching nl for something like this recently.

i have a 1st degree in law. but i wish to do my masters program in international relations. i am not too sure if it is a good choice though and so i am beginning to have second thoughts. i have been told, from enquiries, that i would have to do a post graduate diploma course first before the main degree program since i am switching between faculties.

please what's your take on my choice of study?

If I hear say i no follow this thread

Ehimenboy:

On the PGD.
In engineering, there is a provision for PGD in some of its fields for science graduates. Does this degree with a Master's (in Engineering) qualify one for an engineer?

I

Absolutely yes.

Skykid1208:
Pls i would like to know the career prospects of a graduate of BiologyEDU,
what are the steps i need to pass through to become a Lecturer

Bio Edu degree qualifies you roles related to biology and the teaching also of such roles.
By having an education degree you have already started well.
What's left to do is to diligently pursue post graduate studies - masters and doctorate.

handmaid:
hello zinton. this is a good thread. i've been searching nl for something like this recently.

i have a 1st degree in law. but i wish to do my masters program in international relations. i am not too sure if it is a good choice though and so i am beginning to have second thoughts. i have been told, from enquiries, that i would have to do a post graduate diploma course first before the main degree program since i am switching between faculties.

please what's your take on my choice of study?

Depending on the school you seek to enroll in, you may not need the pgd because both courses are related as they are basically of the humanities Category.
As to whether your choice is good, that has to do with the motivation for for decision.

Knowledge is power... be informed!