changing a fuse:you must find the faulty one. It will have a broken filament (the thin strip of metal inside) or will be black inside. Some vehicles come with special "pullers" to remove fuses, but tweezers work just as well. You can also use your trusty fingers. Just make sure you carefully remove and replace the fuses until you find the culprit.
Note that the vehicle's electrical problems may need a mechanic's attention if none of the fuses look blown, or if the fuse immediately blows again.


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Do not throw the old battery away:Keep it upright to prevent it from leaking. Old batteries contain hazardous materials that can't go in a regular landfill. Instead, they can be recycled. Call your local mechanic or automotive store for more information. There should not be a fee for disposal as the old batteries are valuable cores for recycling.


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An air filter should be replaced once a year, or every 15,000 miles:If you regularly travel on dirt roads, however, you will need to check your air filter every few months. You don't need a mechanic's eye to determine the air filter's condition. If you see dust build-up within the filter's accordion-like folds, change is needed. Or, for absolute certainty, shine a flashlight from the inside out. If the beam cannot penetrate the folds, you need to spring into air-filter-maintenance mode.



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Brake fluid facts :Keep these general facts in mind while handling brake fluid:

1. Never use DOT 5 brake fluid in a vehicle designed for DOT 3 or DOT 4 fluids.
It is ok to use DOT 4 fluid in a vehicle that requires DOT 3, but not vice-versa.
2. NEVER substitute any other fluid for brake fluid.
3. Wash your hands immediately after coming in contact with brake fluid. It eats paint, so imagine what it'll do to skin.
4. Properly discard brake fluid that's been unsealed for more than one year. Check with your city for recycling days or centers.


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Detailing the exterior of your car: Once the entire body of the car has been thoroughly cleaned, dry it off with a clean chamois or a cotton cloth. Use your tools to dry water lying in cracks or in window wells. Now is the time to wax your car if you desire. After waxing your car, you may find small areas of wax deposit or dust after it dries thoroughly. Clean these off with a small brush.



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Check tread for safety:Most states require tires to be replaced when they have worn down to 1/16-inch (1.5 mm) of remaining tire depth. Tires sold in North America are required to have “wear bars” molded into them to make it easy to see when tire replacement is legally required. However, if you’ll be driving in the rain, you should change your tires when there is 1/8-inch (3 mm) of tread left. Otherwise, water may not escape from under your tires fast enough and you risk hydroplaning — a dangerous situation in which your car loses traction and literally floats on the water. Stick an American quarter between the treads in several places. If part of Washington’s head is always covered, you have enough tread to drive in the rain. If you drive in snow, you’ll need at least 3/16-inch (5 mm) of tread to get adequate traction. Stick an American penny between the treads. If the top of the Lincoln Memorial is always covered, you’re ready for winter driving.


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Under the hood:Of course, much of the day-to-day driving maintenance for your vehicle must occur with the hood opened and up, but that doesn't mean you have to be a mechanic. The most important things to monitor and check regularly include the following:
1. engine oil level and cleanliness
2. antifreeze/coolant level (never attempt to remove radiator cap while engine is hot or warm)
3. brake and power steering fluid levels
4. transmission fluid


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Inspect wheel-well splashguards:These guards, however flimsy on many of today’s cars, help keep water and winter’s salty slush from splashing up into the engine compartment, where it can damage sensitive electrical components. Unfortunately, these guards tear off easily — sometimes without the driver knowing it. Check for damage to these guards when you wash your car. Re-secure with the appropriate fasteners or replace as needed. As added protection from splashed-up muck, slush, and debris, install mud flaps (also called splash guards) on your vehicle.

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Don’t let tools mar your car’s finish:If you plan to service and make repairs to your car, invest in a fender cover. It drapes over your fender, providing a safe place to rest your tools without causing scratches. It will also prevent your belt buckle from marring your paint as you lean into the engine compartment to work.


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Check for uneven wear:Check tires for uneven wear. If you’ve maintained tire inflation properly, uneven wear may indicate the need for a wheel realignment. It can also mean improperly operating brakes or shocks, a bent wheel, internal tire damage, or worn bushings.


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Rotate your tires:Rotating your tires helps to distribute tire wear evenly and ensures that you’ll get the maximum road life out of them. The first rotation is especially important.Your owner’s manual should specify both rotation period and pattern. If not, rotate your tires every 6,000 to 7,500 miles (9,700 to 12,000 km) — your tire dealer should know the correct pattern of tire rotation.


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Lube your lug nuts:Lug nuts, if not lubricated occasionally, can seize or “freeze” to the studs due to corrosion. Repairing them can be expensive. Having to call a tow truck for a flat you can’t remove is even more expensive.The next time you change or rotate your tires, pick up some anti-seize lubricant at your local auto supply store. Clean the stud threads with a wire brush and wipe them with the lubricant. It’s formulated to prevent the lug nuts (spark plugs, too) from seizing and won’t allow them to loosen as you drive, the way other lubricants might. If a lug nut does freeze to a stud, try spraying the nut and stud with WD-40 or Liquid Wrench. Allow it to penetrate for 10 or 20 minutes. Use a heat gun to apply heat.Then use a ratchet wrench to remove the lug.

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Keep a clean machine:Keeping your vehicle as clean as possible during the winter will go a long way to cut down the damage done by salt and sand.

1. Take your vehicle to the car wash as often as possible. Many car washes in the "snow belt" offer steam cleaning and undercarriage cleaning as well as traditional car washing.
2. Have your car re-waxed and sealed when you have it washed.
3. Check out a mobile automobile detailer who can come to your workplace and do several vehicles at once.

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Fluids Galore:One of the best ways of preventing the interior destruction of the engine is by making sure all of the fluids are fresh and full. Purchase a fuel stabilizer, which prevents gasoline breakdown (causing damage to the engine and fuel line) and allows you to keep the tank relatively full, which keeps out extra airspace. Airspace can lead to moisture and rust.
Take out the spark plugs and line the cylinder housings with oil. Again, this measure prevents corrosion. Change the oil and oil filter. Old oil has all sorts of byproducts and acids that can cause damage.


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Maintenance:Keep your car tires properly inflated. Under-inflation shucks mileage from your gas tank.


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Driving Habits:Give yourself more time, especially during interstate travel. Driving slower increases gas mileage.
Use air conditioning (AC) when driving at higher speeds. Wind drag caused by open windows is more gas-consuming than AC when driving faster, for example on the highway. Limit AC use when driving in city traffic. Gas mileage can decrease by use of AC at lower speeds.
Limit warming your engine on winter mornings. An idling engine, regardless of size, equates to no mpg.


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Buying Gas:Become gas-buying nocturnal. Only fill your tank during the coolest time of the day―late evening or early morning. Gas is more dense in cooler temperatures. And since fuel pumps measure by volume, rather than by density, you’ll receive more gas for your buck.
Don’t overfill your tank. If using an automatic nozzle, stop at the first click.
Avoid the fuels or additives that claim to increase your gas mileage. The only thing these “wonder liquids” increase is your spending.
If you don’t mind the inconvenience, only fill your tank half-full. Less fuel means less weight.


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Adjusting Tire PSI:So you have a tire pressure gauge, and a source of air. It is best if you can park your car centered on the source of the air, which usually has a hose to reach the vehicle's tires. You may need to move the car to reach all of the tires, depending on the situation. Before you pay any money for air or start pumping up your tires, remove the caps on all the tire valve stems.


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Clean brake dust off regularly:Brake dust contains all sorts of nasty stuff. If you leave it too long, the combination of road grime, moisture and heat from your brakes will bake it on to your wheels . Brake dust normally clings to wheels with static electricity so a damp sponge and clean cold water is the best way to get it off.


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Don't touch the glass when changing headlight bulbs:Most headlight bulbs now are filled with halogen and have special coatings on the outside of the glass. If you pick the bulb up by the glass with your fingers, you will leave trace amounts of oil and grease on the glass. When the bulb is used, that area of the glass will get hotter than the rest and it will eventually cause the bulb to crack. When changing headlight bulbs, only hold the metal bulb holder at the base, or make sure you're wearing rubber surgical / mechanic's gloves (clean ones) if you're touching the glass.


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Check your battery terminals:Most modern cars run on a 12 volt negative ground electrical system. If your battery terminals or contacts aren't clean, you're making it more difficult for the current to pass around the electrical system. Remove the terminal caps and clean each contact post with a wire brush to get a nice clean metal contact surface. Do the same to the terminal caps, then reattach them.



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Get routine tune-ups and engine performance checks:They can be your best assurance of good performance and fuel economy. A healthy running engine maximizes the life of expensive emission system components.




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Get regular brake inspections:which are the best way to ensure safe and reliable breaking and minimize the cost of repairs when break service is needed.



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Brakes are a normal wear item on any vehicle :they will eventually need to be replaced. Factors that can affect brake wear include driving habits, operating conditions, vehicle type and the quality of the brake lining material.


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Alignment :If your car is shaking or pulling to one side it could be a sign of an alignment issue. Because uneven or accelerated tire wear may indicate an alignment problem, it’s a good idea to have your car’s alignment checked at least once a year.



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Time to Change Your Vehicle’s Cabin Air Filter:The cabin air filter helps trap pollen, bacteria, dust and exhaust gases that may find their way into a vehicle’s air conditioning and heating and ventilation systems. The filter also prevents leaves, bugs and other debris from entering the heating, ventilating and air-conditioning (HVAC) system.



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Preserve Vehicle Value Beyond Your Wildest Clean:Simply cleaning your vehicle not only fosters a sense of pride and accomplishment, but it also protects your valuable vehicle investment. Polishing your vehicle once every six months and washing it once a week prevents the buildup of damaging chemicals and dirt that may harm the vehicle’s finish. In addition to regular care, it is important to look for any dents, dings, scratches or cracked glass. These problems, when left unattended, can lead to more expensive repairs down the line. Frequent washing and polishing is also the best way to protect your car’s finish from the damaging effects of harsh ultraviolet rays and acid rain.


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Check Your Vehicle’s Lights:Lights are normal wear items that require periodic inspection and replacement. The lighting system provides nighttime visibility; signals and alerts other drivers; and supplies light for viewing instruments and the vehicle’s interior. In addition to replacing dimming, rapidly blinking and non-functioning lights, the following tips can help keep you safe:

1. Keep headlights, tail lights and signal lights clean. External dirt and debris can dim operational lights from being seen by others.
2. Make sure that your headlights are properly aimed. Misaimed headlights blind other drivers and reduce your ability to see the road.
3. Don’t overdrive your headlights; you should be able to stop inside the illuminated area, otherwise you are creating a blind crash area in front of your vehicle.
4. If there is any doubt on whether or not your headlights should be on, turn them on. Lights not only help you see better in early twilight, they also make it easier for other drivers to see you.


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The wiper system :keeps excessive water, snow and dirt from building up on the windshield, maintaining clear visibility. Many factors can accelerate the replacement interval of wipers, including operating conditions (winter conditions are tough on wiper blades), frequency of use, material and type of wipers and sunny weather. In fact, wiper blades can deteriorate faster and need more frequent replacement in desert states.


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A Battery Check Today Can Keep the Tow Truck Away:To get the most life out of a battery, the Car Care Council suggests the following

1. Be sure the electrical system is charging at the correct rate; overcharging can damage a battery as quickly as undercharging.
2. If your battery is the type that needs to be topped off, check it regularly, especially in hot weather. Add distilled water when necessary.
3. Always replace a battery with one that’s rated at least as high as the one originally specified.
4. Keep the top of the battery clean. Dirt becomes a conductor, which drains battery power. Further, as corrosion accumulates on battery terminals it becomes an insulator, inhibiting current flow.

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Tyres maintenance :Know the correct tyre pressures for your car and check them at least every two weeks using a good-quality gauge or garage air line. Don't forget to check the spare as well.

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Wax your car too:Waxing your car regularly protects you car’s paint job by slowing oxidation and by creating a barrier against bird droppings and pollution. It also makes the car look good by adding extra shine.

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