Welcome, Guest: Register On Nairaland / LOGIN! / Trending / Recent / New
Stats: 3,150,732 members, 7,809,804 topics. Date: Friday, 26 April 2024 at 03:14 PM

Why Do Countries Actually Go Broke? - Business (3) - Nairaland

Nairaland Forum / Nairaland / General / Business / Why Do Countries Actually Go Broke? (9492 Views)

Ex-Billionaire Goddy Anabor Goes Broke: His Tragic Fall / Before You Go Broke… (things You Can Do For Money In Nigeria) / Why Do Countries Not Increase The Amount Of Money In Circulation? (2) (3) (4)

(1) (2) (3) (4) (Reply) (Go Down)

Re: Why Do Countries Actually Go Broke? by BedLam: 7:18am On Jul 29, 2014
iamord: u are very right.. But actually like I said its a deadly mission.. I want to fully understand how they operate from within.. Then restructure a plan to topple it for my countries benefit.. It won't be easy.. We need people that can tap information..am sure if we had we will be suprised about some links of bokor haram sect etc
Like you said, I would say its a Kamikaze. JF Kennedy knew this, he wanted to print money without the FED, 6 months later......guess you know what happened. These people don't care! That is why the US cannot raise her voice to condemn Israel.

1 Like

Re: Why Do Countries Actually Go Broke? by Missy89(f): 7:19am On Jul 29, 2014
iamord: u are very right.. But actually like I said its a deadly mission.. I want to fully understand how they operate from within.. Then restructure a plan to topple it for my countries benefit.. It won't be easy.. We need people that can tap information..am sure if we had we will be suprised about some links of bokor haram sect etc

Seems you have good intentions but you don't need to operate from within to improve your country do you? the first thing is finding like minds and establishing a blueprint to what you want to achieve. then start implementing the foundations. so if you cant finish it, other would carry one without you.

it takes people with the same agenda to change a nation. its either that or u are living in Fantasy Land my friend.

isnt that more practical?
Re: Why Do Countries Actually Go Broke? by seagulsntrawler: 7:34am On Jul 29, 2014
red101: countries go broke because of low production. money is just paper. you can't eat it, you can't use it to clothe yourself. etc
ex. Mugabe kicked out the white farmers in Zimbabwe hence agricultural and livestock output went down and food became scarce. Mugabe thought he could solve the problem by printing more money.
Think about ancient barter system. How do those societies go broke. probably because of famine or drought or wars etc resource depletion. Money is just paper meant to represent production of valuable resources. Banks and economists have to regulate it so that the currency is a proper reflection of production rates. otherwise, there will be inflation or in the opposite case, deflation.
Iam in agreement with you on this, but lets not forget that zimbabwe was under sanctions from the western countries for trying to break free from d system. They became a pariah to all countries in d world(even africans). Abacha, with all his excesses stood up to them by not borrowing a dime from imf and even pegged the naira to N22 to a dollar when imf would have asked for outright devaluation(though subject to abuse by officials). I think mugabe would have succeeded if africans had shown more support but sadly its not a fair world.
Re: Why Do Countries Actually Go Broke? by akuchiemartin(m): 7:35am On Jul 29, 2014
@ op, if u ask me na who I go ask.....? #in omawumi's voice#
Re: Why Do Countries Actually Go Broke? by Nobody: 7:47am On Jul 29, 2014
There's something call the Dollar certificate. When a country transact Biz with another,like crude oil or palm oil (lol),the recipient country pay em in dollar certificate from their trade and something fund (couldn't recollect that)...country also do biz with this certificate, and when ever they have to print money they Dollar certificate ll reduce the exact amount printed by your country....the world have regulatory body...but dem baba iyabo dey print money oo...and my oga in the grave Abacha print more than enough...ITT my assz.
Re: Why Do Countries Actually Go Broke? by seagulsntrawler: 8:19am On Jul 29, 2014
kolykoldy: There's something call the Dollar certificate. When a country transact Biz with another,like crude oil or palm oil (lol),the recipient country pay em in dollar certificate from their trade and something fund (couldn't recollect that)...country also do biz with this certificate, and when ever they have to print money they Dollar certificate ll reduce the exact amount printed by your country....the world have regulatory body...but dem baba iyabo dey print money oo...and my oga in the grave Abacha print more than enough...ITT my assz.
If your claim that they print money with impunity is true then inflation will spiral out of control. Abacha sold our oil to china and others using swiss billionaire, mark rich to broker the deals. Nigeria was under sanction then, but was able to finance importation of goods and services with dollars from oil sales.
Re: Why Do Countries Actually Go Broke? by benuejosh: 8:40am On Jul 29, 2014
nickz: [b]If inflation increases, people will not want to hold bonds because their value is falling. Therefore, the government will find it difficult to sell bonds to finance the national debt.[/b]

Why are bonds sold? stop complicating issues bro. selling of bonds are part of monetary policy strategy to bring down inflation to it' barest minimum. most probably to a single digit.
Re: Why Do Countries Actually Go Broke? by mikedanza(m): 8:52am On Jul 29, 2014
Your currency is influenced by several factors

1. Amount of output in the form of GDP and relative comparative advantage ( stuff you can produce better than others). Some of which you will consume and/or sell to other countries (export)

2. What other countries feel is the value of your currency based on some of the other listed options

3. Stability of your Government and Economy (they are sure you won't overthrow tomorrow via a coup or wake up overnight and Nationalize foreign investments, or change interest rates etc)

4. Amount of stuff you require from other countries/bodies which you cannot produce yourself (imports)

Let's give a Layman's scenario in the light of the above.


Assuming this government prints lots if naira (NGN) and shares 100 million for each citizen.

At the current rate of prices of goods in the market, on a first come first served basis a few thousand people will buy up most of the land in each state. Goods and services will be bought up in the same manner with millions of people having money in their pocket with nothing to buy.

Next thing is if you wish to buy a piece of land that used to cost 10 million, you might be ready to cough out as much as 3 times the amount for the owner to feel tempted to sell to you because he knows he can't get it at the same price he bought it at first ( due to scarcity occasioned by high demand as everyone has too much money now). This same pattern will affect all sectors and drive up prices leading to what we call INFLATION (plenty money chasing too little goods/services)

Taking it to the import /export level......

Nigerians now have lots of money and will want to import cars and luxury items from the United States. Assuming you must convert to USD.

Your currency is as strong as the sum total of your output (GDP).

If they finish accepting your NGN and come over to spend it in buying Crude and they discover the entire Crude you own is less than the amount of NGN you have spent in their country buying cars, a trade deficit sets in. They will no longer accept your NGN again and they will promptly tell you to make purchases henceforth using their own current.

The only way to raise the USD will be to sell crude. and the amount of crude you produce per day is just over 2 million barrels. But you want to buy cars worth 20 million barrels cos you printed more money.

Every country will now increase the number of NGN they will collect from you in exchange for their own USD. AND YOUR CURRENCY BECOMES LIKE THAT OF ZIMBABWE!!!

Therefore part of the difficult jobs of Central Banks and Ministries of Finance is to find out where this fluid balance is between Output, Consumption and the amount of currencies/instruments to print/generate via fiscal (Quantitative Easing, Budgetary spending, debts etc) and monetary (interest rates, cash reserve ratios for banks, inter bank etc) policies!

1 Like

Re: Why Do Countries Actually Go Broke? by nickz(m): 9:04am On Jul 29, 2014
benuejosh:

Why are bonds sold? stop complicating issues bro. selling of bonds are part of monetary policy strategy to bring down inflation to it' barest minimum. most probably to a single digit.
what i stated makes complete sense if you take time to re-read from the first letter and see clearly the point i was driving at.

A bond is a debt security, similar to an I.O.U. When you purchase a bond, you are lending money to a government, municipality, corporation, federal agency or other entity known as an issuer. In return for that money, the issuer provides you with a bond in which it promises to pay a specified rate of interest during the life of the bond and to repay the face value of the bond (the principal) when it matures, or comes due.

there are clearly different risks in buying and selling of bonds re-investment risk,call risk,inflation risk,call risk,liquidity risk,downgrade risk,rip-off risk....in line with the bolded,because of their relative safety, bonds tend not to offer extraordinarily high returns. That makes them particularly vulnerable when inflation rises

now read this example from my econs textbook by paul conley;Imagine, for example, that you buy a Treasury bond that pays interest of 3.32%. That’s about as safe an investment as you can find. As long as you hold the bond until maturity and the U.S. government doesn’t collapse, nothing can go wrong….unless inflation climbs. If the rate of inflation rises to, say, 4 percent, your investment is not “keeping up with inflation.” In fact, you’d be “losing” money because the value of the cash you invested in the bond is declining. You’ll get your principal back when the bond matures, but it will be worth less.
Re: Why Do Countries Actually Go Broke? by alexanderdeg: 9:23am On Jul 29, 2014
Nice thread , but what about b***d money , its mint too and who prints them ?? Accountants and Economists please your comments on this ........
Re: Why Do Countries Actually Go Broke? by Neatboy(m): 9:29am On Jul 29, 2014
At times, this issue revolves around the country's foreign reserve; external and internal debt and the balance of trade.
Re: Why Do Countries Actually Go Broke? by RebelLeader15(m): 9:48am On Jul 29, 2014
Using Nigeria as a case study, I can categorically tell you that, if any God fearing country have these set of Politicians we have, the country must surely collapse not even going broke....
Re: Why Do Countries Actually Go Broke? by iamord(m): 9:51am On Jul 29, 2014
alexanderdeg: Nice thread , but what about b***d money , its mint too and who prints them ?? Accountants and Economists please your comments on this ........
lol.. Its spiritually conjured from an account somewhere cos the currency is real

1 Like

Re: Why Do Countries Actually Go Broke? by iamord(m): 9:59am On Jul 29, 2014
RebelLeader15: Using Nigeria as a case study, I can categorically tell you that, if any God fearing country have these set of Politicians we have, the country must surely collapse not even going broke....
hahaha!!!.. When it comes to steal kill and destroy. Satan envies them!
Re: Why Do Countries Actually Go Broke? by mfm04622: 10:15am On Jul 29, 2014
Missy89:

This is very wrong! US Europe and Japan doesnt print money and get away with it. no one print more money to pay for debts .
has nothing to do with militarily.

The reason why US prints money daily is because the dollar is used in the Oil trade and since it is done daily, there are high demands for the dollar which makes the value stable regardless of the amount in circulation.
It is a risky system of course and it can backfire if the dollar is no longer used for trading but that is highly unlikely because the US is very stable and it actually got this privilege after the end of the war.

USA do print money. Or what do you call Quantitative Easing? QE was done to boost demand! Most of the trades that uses dollar don't use physical cash. Or you think when we sell oil, buyers pay cash? In fact, if you did elementary economics, you will know that the VALUE of money in circulation is many times the physical cash in circulation. So powerful nations like China, USA, Japan have been printing money to tilt things in their own favour since. Why do you think China is being accused of currency manipulation? The thing is some countries can print money without attendant inflation, but they must be able to manipulate the value. Few countries can do this
t
Re: Why Do Countries Actually Go Broke? by myspnigeria: 10:22am On Jul 29, 2014
this is a question for economists
Re: Why Do Countries Actually Go Broke? by Nobody: 10:44am On Jul 29, 2014
in Economics it is theoretically not plausible to just print money to buy what u need.
Idi amin tried it and collapsed Ugandan economy, Zimbabwe tried it and experienced the worst inflation ever. The simple idea is dat that economy will become very unstable. prices( inflation, exchange rates and interest rates) will come together to kill dat economy through certain mechanisms.
1. printing money carelessly will lead to hyper inflation, the real value of that same money u printed will be eroded( money illusion). producers in that economy will stop producing because it will be cheaper to import and uncertainty has come to play.
2 exchange rates will become volatile for dat economy, other countries will refuse to exchange their currency with yours because yours is somewhat useless, which will contract that economy in terms of international trade.
3. international sanctions, it is illegitimat to carelessy print money puting the international financial system at risk. IMF and WORLD BANK would impose serious sanctions on such an economy.
4. historical perspective: Zimbabwe notoriously did thid and where severely hit by its consequences now they use the US dollar and SA rand as official currency.
Re: Why Do Countries Actually Go Broke? by seagulsntrawler: 11:11am On Jul 29, 2014
mikedanza: Your currency is influenced by several factors

1. Amount of output in the form of GDP and relative comparative advantage ( stuff you can produce better than others). Some of which you will consume and/or sell to other countries (export)

2. What other countries feel is the value of your currency based on some of the other listed options

3. Stability of your Government and Economy (they are sure you won't overthrow tomorrow via a coup or wake up overnight and Nationalize foreign investments, or change interest rates etc)

4. Amount of stuff you require from other countries/bodies which you cannot produce yourself (imports)

Let's give a Layman's scenario in the light of the above.


Assuming this government prints lots if naira (NGN) and shares 100 million for each citizen.

At the current rate of prices of goods in the market, on a first come first served basis a few thousand people will buy up most of the land in each state. Goods and services will be bought up in the same manner with millions of people having money in their pocket with nothing to buy.

Next thing is if you wish to buy a piece of land that used to cost 10 million, you might be ready to cough out as much as 3 times the amount for the owner to feel tempted to sell to you because he knows he can't get it at the same price he bought it at first ( due to scarcity occasioned by high demand as everyone has too much money now). This same pattern will affect all sectors and drive up prices leading to what we call INFLATION (plenty money chasing too little goods/services)

Taking it to the import /export level......

Nigerians now have lots of money and will want to import cars and luxury items from the United States. Assuming you must convert to USD.

Your currency is as strong as the sum total of your output (GDP).

If they finish accepting your NGN and come over to spend it in buying Crude and they discover the entire Crude you own is less than the amount of NGN you have spent in their country buying cars, a trade deficit sets in. They will no longer accept your NGN again and they will promptly tell you to make purchases henceforth using their own current.

The only way to raise the USD will be to sell crude. and the amount of crude you produce per day is just over 2 million barrels. But you want to buy cars worth 20 million barrels cos you printed more money.

Every country will now increase the number of NGN they will collect from you in exchange for their own USD. AND YOUR CURRENCY BECOMES LIKE THAT OF ZIMBABWE!!!

Therefore part of the difficult jobs of Central Banks and Ministries of Finance is to find out where this fluid balance is between Output, Consumption and the amount of currencies/instruments to print/generate via fiscal (Quantitative Easing, Budgetary spending, debts etc) and monetary (interest rates, cash reserve ratios for banks, inter bank etc) policies!
Nice write up you've got there. If i may ask, why does Nigeria go looking for funds to borrow when it has a foriegn reserve of over 50billion usd? I know d funds are held in form of soveriegn countries debt bonds but why not call them up to finance projects?
Re: Why Do Countries Actually Go Broke? by asksteve(m): 1:02pm On Jul 29, 2014
Countries go broke simply because they are all built on lies, deceit, corruption, manipulated press and are ruled from behind the scene by money bags and godfathers.
If u c any country dat is not broke it is either they have few godfathers that have little regads for every oda citizen, else it will be business as usual, wit some few having fat bank accounts around d world and the country going bankrupt.
Re: Why Do Countries Actually Go Broke? by SpencerLewis(m): 1:10pm On Jul 29, 2014
birdman:

When you print money as you please, you cheat the countries you owe money by making that debt worthless. In other words, in addition to printing money, you need to have the military might to "talk" other nations into accepting it. Hence US, Japan, Europe generally get away with it. Argentina on the other hand cant, I believe one naughty Nigerian named Soludo tried something like that once only to receive flogging from yet unknown forces. Man pass man grin
Birdman (aka nwa nnunu) u are not making sense. Is not a matter of military strength. If not Russia would have been very rich like the USA. USA's wealth has nothing to do with their military might. Instead their economic might gave way to their military might as they were able to finance researches, educations and these attracted more and more immigrants with their expertize knowledge.
Re: Why Do Countries Actually Go Broke? by asksteve(m): 1:15pm On Jul 29, 2014
henrykelek: in Economics it is theoretically not plausible to just print money to buy what u need.
Idi amin tried it and collapsed Ugandan economy, Zimbabwe tried it and experienced the worst inflation ever. The simple idea is dat that economy will become very unstable. prices( inflation, exchange rates and interest rates) will come together to kill dat economy through certain mechanisms.
1. printing money carelessly will lead to hyper inflation, the real value of that same money u printed will be eroded( money illusion). producers in that economy will stop producing because it will be cheaper to import and uncertainty has come to play.
2 exchange rates will become volatile for dat economy, other countries will refuse to exchange their currency with yours because yours is somewhat useless, which will contract that economy in terms of international trade.
3. international sanctions, it is illegitimat to carelessy print money puting the international financial system at risk. IMF and WORLD BANK would impose serious sanctions on such an economy.
4. historical perspective: Zimbabwe notoriously did thid and where severely hit by its consequences now they use the US dollar and SA rand as official currency.
All wat u explained are for ideal situations, but in most cases especially in Africa, devaluation of currencies is due to corruption else how will u explain when former President OBJ, devalued the official exchange rate from about twenty one naira to about ninety five naira because according to him black marketers were making too much profit selling at that rate. Of which this singular action led to a double digit inflation rate.
Re: Why Do Countries Actually Go Broke? by hizaya61(m): 2:06pm On Jul 29, 2014
So simple bad leaders
Re: Why Do Countries Actually Go Broke? by Nobody: 3:55pm On Jul 29, 2014
antartica: If they can print their own money?Why can't they just print their money and buy what they need?Why do prices have to rise astronomically with increased money circulation in an economy?Why can't the producers stabilize the prices as before and produce more goods for the demanding consumers that have more money to spend?

Who gains from the stringent money control policies?The people or the iluminaties?


A country can't just print money, if not they face hyper inflation thereby the devaluing the power of their currency. Because the value of money is not the money itself. Printing too much will increase inflation mostly if the country has nothing to back it up and their currency not in demand in the international monetary market.
Re: Why Do Countries Actually Go Broke? by dorox(m): 7:05pm On Jul 29, 2014
antartica: If they can print their own money?Why can't they just print their money and buy what they need?Why do prices have to rise astronomically with increased money circulation in an economy?Why can't the producers stabilize the prices as before and produce more goods for the demanding consumers that have more money to spend?

Who gains from the stringent money control policies?The people or the iluminaties?
Goods and services is always in scarce supply relative to our wants, so there need to be a system by which it can be rationed in an efficient and orderly manner to minimise waste. That is where money comes in, it is a tool to ration out goods and services by price.
Air is plentiful,so it doesn't have to be rationed, hence nobody sells air.
Imagine a cement seller that suddenly decides to drop his price to fifty naira per 50kg bag of cement, what do you think will happen to his stock? There will be a huge crowd of people fighting to get their hands on as many bags as they can.
If you have more money than goods, then the price of goods will rise so as to ration the limited goods available in the market.
Re: Why Do Countries Actually Go Broke? by mikedanza(m): 7:46pm On Jul 29, 2014
seagulsntrawler: Nice write up you've got there. If i may ask, why does Nigeria go looking for funds to borrow when it has a foriegn reserve of over 50billion usd? I know d funds are held in form of soveriegn countries debt bonds but why not call them up to finance projects?

You are required by international trading practices to hold, in reserve, a minimum of 6 months worth of expected imports in FOREX. This will convince your trading partners that you are good for payments as the money is already on ground (letters of credit comes to mind). Holding less than six months spells trouble, holding a longer period shows a robust economy.

The higher the reserve the more you are valued as a trading partner and hence your currency appreciates (remember China was almost forced to appreciate its currency after holding over 1trillion dollars in US bonds).

That's why Nigeria will not want to touch the foreign reserve but rather borrow cheaply at international debt markets in order to finance infrastructure or consumption.

Thanks.
Re: Why Do Countries Actually Go Broke? by birdman(m): 4:54am On Jul 30, 2014
SpencerLewis:
Birdman (aka nwa nnunu) u are not making sense. Is not a matter of military strength. If not Russia would have been very rich like the USA. USA's wealth has nothing to do with their military might. Instead their economic might gave way to their military might as they were able to finance researches, educations and these attracted more and more immigrants with their expertize knowledge.

just so you know, Russia and China just signed an agreement to trade with each other without using the dollars.

As for which came first, military might or economic might, you will do well to take a look at the revolutionary war where military might was used to stop paying taxes to the British. You can also look for how the army arrived in Japan and demanded they trade with the US. While you are at it, feel free to look up the history of the marines, how it was formed to fight the barbary (arab) pirates that were bent on destroying the maritime trade of the US which would kill its budding economy. All this in the first 50 or so years of existence. Then come back and tell me if you still feel economic power came before military
Re: Why Do Countries Actually Go Broke? by birdman(m): 5:17am On Jul 30, 2014
Missy89:

This is very wrong! US Europe and Japan doesnt print money and get away with it. no one print more money to pay for debts .
has nothing to do with militarily.

The reason why US prints money daily is because the dollar is used in the Oil trade and since it is done daily, there are high demands for the dollar which makes the value stable regardless of the amount in circulation.
It is a risky system of course and it can backfire if the dollar is no longer used for trading but that is highly unlikely because the US is very stable and it actually got this privilege after the end of the war.


For example, lets say US owes China $1billion in 2010 and decides not to pay for 10 years. Instead, if the federal reserve printed enough money to cause a 1% yearly increase in inflation, that $1billion dollar debt will be worth $990million in a year in terms of spending power, because an item that used to cost $10 will now cost $11. In 10 years, that debt would be worth approximately $905million (its the same math you use for compound interest). In actuality, China loaned the US money at a certain interest rate so you dont lose value as fast, but you get the point. If I print enough money, I can make the debt I owe you worthless.

This is also the reason why everyone is in the stock market now, even if they don't want to be. Its the only safe investment that is rising in correspondence with inflation. If you keep your money in the bank, you will be losing spending power. It also explains why companies are seeing increased revenue, but are still laying off. The revenue increase is partly from increased money circulation, which masks the bad economic fundamentals still out there.
Re: Why Do Countries Actually Go Broke? by Gynacologist(m): 8:32am On Jul 30, 2014
padeolu: Does it matter if the currency is worthless or not? So far money is available to buy whatever it is you need.
u no go kill pasin?
Re: Why Do Countries Actually Go Broke? by SenatorJames(m): 1:09pm On Jul 30, 2014
aminho: ask the emir of kano
You mean our brave and competent economist, that was able to stand for the truth among many oppositions, just to save our economy.
Re: Why Do Countries Actually Go Broke? by Nobody: 7:58pm On Jul 30, 2014
pDude:

Same reason Nigeria is broke.

Tiff tiff Leaders are the cause and corrupt citizens.

Shebi Zimbabwe tried that shyt some decades ago and they are still trying to recover from their fiasco till date. Money is ordinary paper unless it is backed up by something. That something is called value. Otherwise, it is ordinary paper. That is why you can't just print money without it having value.

It isn't rocket science tongue


That rocket science part made me hate your post. You give a half baked answer to a honest question and you go like.... come on, are you really this dumb, dude? Kindda arrogant. No offense. And I assume that you never needed my opinion.
Re: Why Do Countries Actually Go Broke? by Nobody: 8:15pm On Jul 30, 2014
SirChotas:


That rocket science part made me hate your post. You give a half baked answer to a honest question and you go like.... come on, are you really this dumb, dude? Kindda arrogant. No offense. And I assume that you never needed my opinion.

My apologies if I sounded arrogant. It wasn't my intention. It's just the way we all tend to reply on nairaland sometimes as if we know it all.

I am sorry about that.

1 Like

Re: Why Do Countries Actually Go Broke? by Freiburger(m): 9:16am On Jul 31, 2014
Missy89:



Africa cant enjoy its resources because of the kind of system in place which is almost impossible to change because of vested interests.
Multinationals are eager to get it cheap, government ready to get money without too much investment, oil barons enjoys free hand as long as money reaches the right people within government, US happy whichever was as long as it is done in dollars cool
You are a genius cheesy cool cool

(1) (2) (3) (4) (Reply)

"Fall Of Oil Prices Will Not Affect Nigeria” – Jonathan Assures / Superior Paints / 7 Reasons Why Women Make Greater Entrepreneurs Than Men

(Go Up)

Sections: politics (1) business autos (1) jobs (1) career education (1) romance computers phones travel sports fashion health
religion celebs tv-movies music-radio literature webmasters programming techmarket

Links: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)

Nairaland - Copyright © 2005 - 2024 Oluwaseun Osewa. All rights reserved. See How To Advertise. 95
Disclaimer: Every Nairaland member is solely responsible for anything that he/she posts or uploads on Nairaland.