Knowing when to use “who” and when to use “whom” can be difficult. A lot of speakers are not careful with this distinction and many people are confused about the usage of these two words.

The rules for when to use “who” and when to use “whom” are based on the distinction between subject and object. “Who” is used to refer to the subject of the sentence (the person who is doing the action) and “whom” is used to refer to the object of the sentence (the one who is affected by the action).

The distinction between subject and object is difficult for many English speakers so it’s helpful to substitute another set of pronouns, such as “I/me” or “he/him” to figure out which word to use.

For example:

Who is calling?

You know that you would say “I am calling” or “he is calling”, not “me is calling” or “him is calling”. This shows that it is correct to say “who is calling”.

On the other hand,

Who/whom is she calling?

The answer to this question would be “she is calling him” or “she is calling me” so the correct form is “whom is she calling”.

Also, when the word follows a preposition, you should use “whom”. Prepositions include words like “to”, “on”, “with”, and “in”:

With whom did you see the movie last night?

Bracha Rubin

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