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(CNN)— NFL legend Mike Ditka was giving a news conference
one day after being fired as the coach of the Chicago Bears when
he decided to quote the Bible.
"Scripture tells you that all things shall pass," a choked-up Ditka
said after leading his team to only five wins during the previous
season. "This, too, shall pass."
Ditka fumbled his biblical citation, though. The phrase "This, too,
shall pass" doesn't appear in the Bible. Ditka was quoting a
phantom scripture that sounds like it belongs in the Bible, but look
closer and it's not there.
Ditka's biblical blunder is as common as preachers delivering long-
winded public prayers. The Bible may be the most revered book in
America, but it's also one of the most misquoted. Politicians,
motivational speakers, coaches - all types of people - quote
passages that actually have no place in the Bible, religious scholars
say.
These phantom passages include:
"God helps those who help themselves."
"Spare the rod, spoil the child."
And there is this often-cited paraphrase: Satan tempted Eve to eat
the forbidden apple in the Garden of Eden.
None of those passages appear in the Bible, and one is actually
anti-biblical, scholars say.
But people rarely challenge them because biblical ignorance is so
pervasive that it even reaches groups of people who should know
better, says Steve Bouma-Prediger, a religion professor at Hope
College in Holland, Michigan.
"In my college religion classes, I sometimes quote 2 Hesitations
4:3 ('There are no internal combustion engines in heaven'),"
Bouma-Prediger says. "I wait to see if anyone realizes that there
is no such book in the Bible and therefore no such verse.
"Only a few catch on."
Few catch on because they don't want to - people prefer knowing
biblical passages that reinforce their pre-existing beliefs, a Bible
professor says.
"Most people who profess a deep love of the Bible have never
actually read the book," says Rabbi Rami Shapiro, who once had
to persuade a student in his Bible class at Middle Tennessee State
University that the saying "this dog won't hunt" doesn't appear in
the Book of Proverbs.
"They have memorized parts of texts that they can string together
to prove the biblical basis for whatever it is they believe in," he
says, "but they ignore the vast majority of the text."
Phantom biblical passages work in
mysterious ways
Ignorance isn't the only cause for phantom Bible verses. Confusion
is another.
Some of the most popular faux verses are pithy paraphrases of
biblical concepts or bits of folk wisdom.
Consider these two:
"God works in mysterious ways."
"Cleanliness is next to Godliness."
Both sound as if they are taken from the Bible, but they're not.
The first is a paraphrase of a 19th century hymn by the English
poet William Cowper ("God moves in a mysterious way, His
wonders to perform).
The "cleanliness" passage was coined by John Wesley, the 18th
century evangelist who founded Methodism, says Thomas Kidd, a
history professor at Baylor University in Texas.
"No matter if John Wesley or someone else came up with a wise
saying - if it sounds proverbish, people figure it must come from
the Bible," Kidd says.
Our fondness for the short and tweet-worthy may also explain our
fondness for phantom biblical phrases. The pseudo-verses function
like theological tweets: They're pithy summarizations of biblical
concepts.
"Spare the rod, spoil the child" falls into that category. It's a
popular verse - and painful for many kids. Could some
enterprising kid avoid the rod by pointing out to his mother that
it's not in the Bible?
It's doubtful. Her possible retort: The popular saying is a
distillation of Proverbs 13:24: "The one who withholds [or spares]
the rod is one who hates his son."
Another saying that sounds Bible-worthy: "Pride goes before a
fall." But its approximation, Proverbs 16:18, is actually written:
"Pride goeth before destruction, and an haughty spirit before a
fall."
There are some phantom biblical verses for which no excuse can be
offered. The speaker goofed.
That's what Bruce Wells, a theology professor, thinks happened to
Ditka, the former NFL coach, when he strayed from the gridiron to
biblical commentary during his 1993 press conference in Chicago.
Wells watched Ditka's biblical blunder on local television when he
lived in Chicago. After Ditka cited the mysterious passage,
reporters scrambled unsuccessfully the next day to find the biblical
source.
They should have consulted Wells, who is now director of the
ancient studies program at Saint Joseph's University in
Pennsylvania. Wells says Ditka's error probably came from a
peculiar feature of the King James Bible.
"My hunch on the Ditka quote is that it comes from a quirk of the
King James translation," Wells says. "Ancient Hebrew had a
particular way of saying things like, 'and the next thing that
happened was...' The King James translators of the Old Testament
consistently rendered this as 'and it came to pass.' ''
When phantom Bible passages turn
dangerous
People may get verses wrong, but they also mangle plenty of
well-known biblical stories as well.
Two examples: The scripture never says a whale swallowed Jonah,
the Old Testament prophet, nor did any New Testament passages
say that three wise men visited baby Jesus, scholars say.
Those details may seem minor, but scholars say one popular
phantom Bible story stands above the rest: The Genesis story about
the fall of humanity.
Most people know the popular version - Satan in the guise of a
serpent tempts Eve to pick the forbidden apple from the Tree of
Life. It's been downhill ever since.
But the story in the book of Genesis never places Satan in the
Garden of Eden.
"Genesis mentions nothing but a serpent," says Kevin Dunn, chair
of the department of religion at Tufts University in Massachusetts.
"Not only does the text not mention Satan, the very idea of Satan
as a devilish tempter postdates the composition of the Garden of
Eden story by at least 500 years," Dunn says.
Getting biblical scriptures and stories wrong may not seem
significant, but it can become dangerous, one scholar says.
Most people have heard this one: "God helps those that help
themselves." It's another phantom scripture that appears nowhere in
the Bible, but many people think it does. It's actually attributed to
Benjamin Franklin, one of the nation's founding fathers.
The passage is popular in part because it is a reflection of
cherished American values: individual liberty and self-reliance, says
Sidnie White Crawford, a religious studies scholar at the University
of Nebraska.
Yet that passage contradicts the biblical definition of goodness:
defining one's worth by what one does for others, like the poor
and the outcast, Crawford says.
Crawford cites a scripture from Leviticus that tells people that
when they harvest the land, they should leave some "for the poor
and the alien" (Leviticus 19:9-10), and another passage from
Deuteronomy that declares that people should not be "tight-fisted
toward your needy neighbor."
"We often infect the Bible with our own values and morals, not
asking what the Bible's values and morals really are," Crawford
says.
Where do these phantom passages come
from?
It's easy to blame the spread of phantom biblical passages on
pervasive biblical illiteracy. But the causes are varied and go back
centuries.
Some of the guilty parties are anonymous, lost to history. They
are artists and storytellers who over the years embellished biblical
stories and passages with their own twists.
If, say, you were an anonymous artist painting the Garden of
Eden during the Renaissance, why not portray the serpent as the
devil to give some punch to your creation? And if you're a
preacher telling a story about Jonah, doesn't it just sound better
to say that Jonah was swallowed by a whale, not a "great fish"?
Others blame the spread of phantom Bible passages on King
James, or more specifically the declining popularity of the King
James translation of the Bible.
That translation, which marks 400 years of existence this year,
had a near monopoly on the Bible market as recently as 50 years
ago, says Douglas Jacobsen, a professor of church history and
theology at Messiah College in Pennsylvania.
"If you quoted the Bible and got it wrong then, people were more
likely to notice because there was only one text," he says. "Today,
so many different translations are used that almost no one can tell
for sure if something supposedly from the Bible is being quoted
accurately or not."
Others blame the spread of phantom biblical verses on Martin
Luther, the German monk who ignited the Protestant Reformation,
the massive "protest" against the excesses of the Roman Catholic
Church that led to the formation of Protestant church
denominations.
"It is a great Protestant tradition for anyone - milkmaid, cobbler,
or innkeeper - to be able to pick up the Bible and read for
herself. No need for a highly trained scholar or cleric to walk a
lay person through the text," says Craig Hazen, director of the
Christian Apologetics program at Biola University in Southern
California.
But often the milkmaid, the cobbler - and the NFL coach - start
creating biblical passages without the guidance of biblical experts, he
says.
"You can see this manifest today in living room Bible studies
across North America where lovely Christian people, with no
training whatsoever, drink decaf, eat brownies and ask each other,
'What does this text mean to you?''' Hazen says.
"Not only do they get the interpretation wrong, but very often end
up quoting verses that really aren't there."
http://edition.cnn.com/2015/02/19/living/bible-not-jesus/index.html

"Heaven helps those who helps themselves"