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Rabies - Pets - Nairaland

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Yesterday Was World Rabies Day; All You Need To Know About Rabies / "Madness" In Dogs (Rabies) / Signs You Have Been Bitten By A Dog Infected With Rabies (2) (3) (4)

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Rabies by Richybang: 1:28pm On Sep 23, 2015
I had to create this for those who Don't know the danger of this virus call rabies it affect both animals and human if am wrong please correct me.
Facts
Rabies is one of the most well known of all the
viruses. Fortunately, through active vaccination
and eradication programs, there were only 3
reported cases of human rabies in the United
States in 2006, although 45,000 people were
exposed and required post-exposure
vaccination and antibody injections. In other
parts of the world, however, human cases and
deaths from rabies are much higher. Around
the world 1 person dies from rabies every 10
minutes.
Who is at risk?
People that work closely with wildlife,
veterinarians, and travelers are at the highest
risk of exposure. Fortunately, there is a
vaccine that is available to protect high-risk
people. Animals that come into contact with
wildlife and are not vaccinated are at a higher
risk of infection. While the risk of coming into
contact with the virus is very low, it
nevertheless does exist. Because of the
movement of carriers, there is always the risk
of exposure.
Transmission of the disease
The transmission of the disease almost always
occurs as a result of an infected animal biting
a non-infected animal. Skunks, raccoons,
foxes, coyotes and bats are the animals most
likely to transmit the virus. There have been a
few reported cases of infection resulting from
aerosolization occurring in caves where large
quantities of infected bats reside. Rabies virus
does not live very long outside the host and
remains viable in the carcass of an infected
animal for less than 24 hours. The rabies virus
is shed at high levels in saliva. However, being
bitten by a rabid animal does not necessarily
mean that the bitten animal (or human) will
become infected. It has been speculated, that
only around 15% of exposed people will
contract the disease. Humans, cats, and dogs
are only mildly susceptible to the disease.
Symptoms
After coming in contact with the virus, the
bitten animal may go through one or all of
several stages. With most animals, the virus
will spread through the nerves of the bitten
animal towards the brain. The virus is
relatively slow moving and the average time of
incubation from exposure to brain involvement
is between 3 to 8 weeks in dogs, 2 to 6 weeks
in cats, and 3 to 6 weeks in people. However,
incubation periods as long as 6 months in dogs
and 12 months in people have been reported.
After the virus reaches the brain it then will
move to the salivary glands where it can be
spread through a bite. After the virus reaches
the brain the animal will show one, two, or all
of the three different phases.
Prodromal phase
The first is the prodromal phase and usually
lasts for 2-3 days in dogs. Apprehension,
nervousness, anxiety, solitude, and a fever may
be noted. Friendly animals may become shy or
irritable and may snap, whereas, aggressive
animals may become affectionate and docile.
Most animals will constantly lick the site of the
bite. In cats, the prodromal phase lasts for
only 1-2 days and they usually develop more
fever spikes and erratic behavior than dogs.
Furious phase
From the prodromal phase, animals may enter
the furious stage; cats are particularly prone
to developing this phase. The furious stage of
the disease in dogs usually lasts for 1 to 7
days. Animals become restless and irritable and
are hyperresponsive to auditory and visual
stimuli. As they become more restless, they
begin to roam and become more irritable and
vicious. When caged, dogs may bite and attack
their enclosures. Animals progress to become
disoriented and then have seizures and
eventually die.
Paralytic (dumb) phase
Animals may develop the paralytic phase either
after the prodromal or furious stage. The
paralytic phase usually develops within 2 to 4
days after the first signs are noted. Nerves
affecting the head and throat are the first to
be involved and animals may begin to salivate
as a result of their inability to swallow. Deep
labored breathing and a dropped jaw may
result as the diaphragm and facial muscles
become increasingly paralyzed. Animals may
make a choking sound and many owners think
that there is something lodged in the dog’s
throat. The animal will get weaker and
eventually go into respiratory failure and die.
Diagnosis
The current way to diagnose rabies in animals
is to submit the brain for microscopic
examination. Some new testing techniques
utilizing skin and or blood samples are being
studied and used in a few research settings and
show promise as a way of testing potentially
exposed humans and animals. They are not
routinely being used at this time.
Treatment
There is no treatment. Once the disease
develops in humans, death is almost certain.
Only a handful of people have survived rabies
after extremely intensive medical care. There
have been several reported cases of dogs
surviving the infection, but they are very rare.
Vaccination and prevention
Vaccination is the best way to prevent
infection and properly vaccinated animals
stand very little chance of contracting the
disease. While rabies vaccination for dogs is
mandatory for all states, it is estimated that up
to half of all dogs are not vaccinated. Some
communities are also requiring cats to be
vaccinated, which is very important because
there are currently more cases of cat rabies
than dog rabies. Some people estimate that
less than ten percent of the cat population is
vaccinated thus leading to the high incidence
of rabies in cats. The standard vaccination
protocol is to vaccinate cats and dogs at three
or four months and then again at one year of
age. A year later, a three-year rabies
vaccination is recommended. The three-year
vaccine has been tested and shown to be very
effective. A few counties, states, or individual
veterinarians require yearly or once every two-
year vaccination for a variety of reasons that
need to be explored more closely.
There is a series of vaccines that can be used
to vaccinate people at high risk. There are
some vaccines available for large animals also.
The question of vaccinating exotic animals is a
common one. There are no approved products
for most exotics (withthe exception of ferrets),
however, canine vaccine is used on some
species to offer some protection. Vaccinating
exotics or wolf hybrids should be dealt with
individually in cooperation with your local
veterinarian and public health officials.
Keeping a wild animal that is at high risk of
being a carrier such as a skunk or raccoon is
never recommended.
Pet exposure
Any pet who is bitten or scratched by either a
wild, carnivorous mammal or a bat that is not
available for testing should be considered as
having been exposed to rabies. Public health
officials recommend that unvaccinated dogs,
cats, and ferrets exposed to a rabid animal
should be euthanized immediately. If the
owner is unwilling to have this done, the
animal should be placed in strict isolation for
6 months and vaccinated 1 month before being
released. Animals with expired vaccinations
need to be evaluated on a case-by-case basis.
Dogs and cats that are currently vaccinated are
kept under observation for 45 days.
Human exposure
If an animal bites a human, the animal will be
either quarantined or observed for a period of
at least ten days to ensure that it does not
have rabies. Whether or not the animal was
currently vaccinated and the community that
you live in will dictate the requirements of the
quarantine. People that do become exposed to
a rabid animal can be given post exposure
vaccinations and a globulin (antibody)
injuection to protect them against becoming
infected. Any person bitten by an animal
should wash the wound thoroughly with soap
and water and seek medical attention
immediately.
Summary
All warm-blooded animals are at risk for
contracting rabies, however, some species are
much more resistant than others. Transmission
of the virus is almost always through a bite
from a rabid animal. There are a variety of
different symptoms and once contracted there
is no cure, and death is almost always the
outcome. The disease is very preventable
through vaccination. While relatively rare in
humans, the risk of contracting it, and the
outcome of the disease make taking
precautions with wild animals and vaccination
of domestic ones essential.
Re: Rabies by Guideway: 6:27pm On Mar 29, 2020
Nice work here.
I was bitten by my 3month gsd dog whom had not received rabies. He hasn't come in contact with other pets or animals till date. Can you advise me on what to do concerning the bites?

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