UNICODE STANDARD

A SEMINAR REPORT

PRESENTED BY


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SUBMITTED TO THE
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE, FACULTY OF SCIENCE
MADONNA UNIVERSITY ELELE CAMPUS, RIVERS STATE

IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (B.Sc.) DEGREE IN COMPUTER SCIENCE

SUPERVISED BY
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ABSTRACT
The Unicode Standard is the universal character encoding scheme for writing characters and text. It defines a consistent way of encoding multilingual text that enables the exchange of text data internationally and creates the foundation for global software. The main objective of this research is that Unicode is a computing industry standard for the consistent encoding, representation, and handling of text expressed in most of the world's writing systems and also for the classical forms of many languages which the unified Han subset contains 27,484 ideographic characters defined by national and industry standards of China, Japan, Korea, Taiwan, Vietnam, and Singapore. Unicode Standard goes far beyond ASCII's limited ability to encode only the upper and lowercase letters A through Z but Unicode have the capacity to encode all characters used for the written languages of the world and close more than 1 million characters can be encoded therefore making those in the listed countries stated above to make use of their different letter symbols to communicate with each other. Unicode standard provide basis of software that must function all around the world.

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
The Unicode Standard is the universal character encoding scheme for written characters and text. It defines a consistent way of encoding multilingual text that enables the exchange of text data internationally and creates the foundation for global software. As the default encoding of HTML and XML, the Unicode Standard provides a sound underpinning for the World Wide Web and new methods of business in a networked world. Required in new Internet protocols and implemented in all modern operating systems and computer languages such as Java, Unicode is the basis of software that must function all around the world.

With Unicode, the information technology industry gains data stability instead of proliferating character sets; greater global interoperability and data interchange; and simplified software and reduced development costs.

While modeled on the ASCII character set, the Unicode Standard goes far beyond ASCII's limited ability to encode only the upper- and lowercase letters A through Z. It provides the capacity to encode all characters used for the written languages of the world--more than 1 million characters can be encoded. No escape sequence or control code is required to specify any character in any language. The Unicode character encoding treats alphabetic characters, ideographic characters, and symbols equivalently, which means they can be used in any mixture and with equal facility
The Unicode Standard specifies a numeric value and a name for each of its characters. In this respect, it is similar to other character encoding standards from ASCII onward. In addition to character codes and names, other information is crucial to ensure legible text: a character's case, directionality, and alphabetic properties must be well defined. The Unicode Standard defines this and other semantic information, and includes application data such as case mapping tables and mappings to the repertoires of international, national, and industry character sets. The Unicode Consortium provides this additional information to ensure consistency in the implementation and interchange of Unicode data.

Unicode provides for two encoding forms: a default 16-bit form and a byte-oriented form called UTF-8 that has been designed for ease of use with existing ASCII-based systems. The Unicode Standard, Version 3.0, is code-for-code identical with International Standard ISO/IEC 10646. Any implementation that is conformant to Unicode is therefore conformant to ISO/IEC 10646.

Using a 16-bit encoding means that code values are available for more than 65,000 characters. While this number is sufficient for coding the characters used in the major languages of the world, the Unicode Standard and ISO/IEC 10646 provide the UTF-16 extension mechanism (called surrogates in the Unicode Standard), which allows for the encoding of as many as 1 million additional characters without any use of escape codes. This capacity is sufficient for all known character encoding Unicode covers all the characters for all the writing systems of the world, modern and ancient. It also includes technical symbols, punctuations, and many other characters used in writing text.
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