2002 54 RC
USE OF ENGLISH
This paper is divided into three sections (Comprehension, Lexis and Structure) Answer all
questions in your answer sheet.
Instructions: Read the following passage very carefully and answer the questions that follow
choosingfrom the alternative A-D.
WHERE HAVE ALL THE FORESTS GONE
Deforestation has serious consequences. It leads to soil erosion, which was an underlying cause of
Ethiopia's famine. Crops of maize are planted on 45-degree slopes without terraced. Within three
or four seasons, the top soil has been washed away by the torrential rains, and the hill is useless
for farming.
Another consequence is more subtle forests held on to moisture and are essential..: reators of
rainfall through transpiration. Extensive deforestation may have exacerbate the drought in Africa:
fewer forests mean less rainfall and decertification.
For the key and pushed down on the lower, flatter bush country it’s chances of successful farming
are little better. Here the soil is dry as dust; it needs careful management if it's to produce food.
But the newly arrived shamba farmers don't have the experience to farm effectively. There isn't
enough rainfall down here to grow maize. So it has to be more hardy grains like millet and
sorghum. In years of severe drought, even these grains do not produce a good harvest and
malnutrition in these areas is an increasing problem.
The real energy crisis is in wood, not oil: Trees are falling faster than nature or man is replacing
them. This drier land is really much better suited to grazing cattle or goats, but it's so easy to
overgraze. When the sparse vegetation is made even sparser, the top soil is liable to blow away.
Soil erosion on the- marginal land is as bad as on the hills.
Questions
1. Deforestation has had serious consequences in Africa. One of such is
A. Soil erosion
B. Ethiopia’s famine
C. Torrential rainfall
D. Drought