Sorghum or Guinea corn, as it’s known in many parts of the world, is one of the most valuable edible plants grown today in Nigeria.

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is an important food crop in Africa, Central America, and South Asia and is the fifth most important cereal crop grown in the world after wheat, maize, rice and barley (FAO, 2004). It is among the world’s nutritious cereals and traditionally used in unfermented and fermented breads, snacks, porridges, malted alcohol and non-alcoholic beverages. Nigeria ranks second in 2017 world sorghum production with 6,550,000 MT (USDA, 2017).

Sorghum has been recommended for infants, the elderly, pregnant and lactating mothers because of its high caloric and nutritional value. This provides solution to cases of “hidden hunger”, a deficit of iron and zinc which naturally exist in sorghum.

In Nigeria, sorghum is the most widely cultivated staple cereal crop in the southern and northern guinea savanna, including Sahel covering 8.5 million hectares, extending southward to the derived savanna (forest-savanna transition zone). The climatic condition of the above-mentioned zones with high sorghum production percentage (high temperature, dry spell and low, long erratic rainfall) favours the production of the crop due to its genetically drought resistant properties and its ability to grow in hot dry agro-ecologies with relative advantage where other food crops such as rice and maize find it difficult to grow successfully.

There is a need to investigate the potential of sorghum production in the rainforest in other to provide information on adaptation as a result of the climatic change, desert encroachment, covering the Sahel, Sudan and Guinea savanna agro ecological zones.

Grain sorghum should preferably be planted by May 15 and early June. Grain yields decrease as planting is delayed after early June in drier region while planting is in July in the wetter areas. Most hybrids take about three to four months from planting to maturity depending on the varieties though Northern growers may consider the shorter-maturing varieties.

Synonyms

* (cereal) guinea corn (West Africa); Kafir corn (South Africa); mtama (East Africa); durra (Sudan); juar, jowar, cholam (India); kaoliang (China); milo (United States)

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