A charge controller is used in solar systems with 12 volt, 48 volt, 96 volts, etc, battery banks to keep the battery voltage within acceptable limits.

A charge controller automatically stops electrical power when batteries become fully charged.

Charge controller capacities range from 4 to 80 A etc, and sometimes multiple charge controllers can be used in parallel for larger solar battery system.

MPPT simply means maximum power point tracking.

MPPT or Maximum Power Point Tracking is simply an algorithm that is included in charge controllers used for extracting maximum available power from PV module under certain conditions. The voltage at which PV module can produce maximum power is called ‘maximum power point’ (or peak power voltage). Maximum power varies with solar radiation, ambient temperature and solar cell temperature.

The voltage at which PV module can produce maximum power is called ‘maximum power point’ (or peak power voltage). Maximum power varies with solar radiation, ambient temperature and solar cell temperature.

The major principle of MPPT is to extract the maximum available power from PV module by making them operate at the most efficient voltage (maximum power point).

That is to say:
MPPT checks output of PV module, compares it to battery voltage then fixes the best power that the PV module can produce to charge the battery and converts it to the best voltage to get maximum current into the battery. It can also supply power to a DC load, which is connected directly to the battery.

The MPPT solar charge controller is more efficient and better than the PWM solar charge controller.


https://jp2solarpower.com/2018/12/10/mppt-solar-charge-controller-by-chukwuemeka-onwuka/