In this study, we present experiments in which we used the ciliate predator Paramecium tetraurelia to select for the de novo evolution of multicellularity in outcrossed populations of C. reinhardtii. We describe the heritable multicellular life cycles that evolved and compare them to the ancestral, unicellular life cycle. In addition, we show that the evolved multicellular life cycles are stable over thousands of asexual generations in the absence of predators. Comparative assays show that the evolved multicellular phenotypes provide a fitness advantage over unicellular algae in the presence of predators. Because C. reinhardtii has no multicellular ancestors, these experiments represent a completely novel origin of obligate multicellularity.
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-39558-8#Sec2

Video: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-39558-8#MOESM1

Staggering implications.

LordReed:
In this study, we present experiments in which we used the ciliate predator Paramecium tetraurelia to select for the de novo evolution of multicellularity in outcrossed populations of C. reinhardtii. We describe the heritable multicellular life cycles that evolved and compare them to the ancestral, unicellular life cycle. In addition, we show that the evolved multicellular life cycles are stable over thousands of asexual generations in the absence of predators. Comparative assays show that the evolved multicellular phenotypes provide a fitness advantage over unicellular algae in the presence of predators. Because C. reinhardtii has no multicellular ancestors, these experiments represent a completely novel origin of obligate multicellularity.
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-39558-8#Sec2

Video: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-39558-8#MOESM1

Staggering implications.

Has this been peer reviewed? No? Then
wait till it's peer reviewed.


I suspect it's mere adaptation. Everything necessary to adapt is already present in DNA... which is opposite of what evolution is.

OpenYourEyes1:


Has this been peer reviewed? No? Then
wait till it's peer reviewed.


I suspect it's mere adaptation. Everything necessary to adapt is already present in DNA... which is opposite of what evolution is.

Being published in Nature or any Nature publication is very prestigious. In particular, empirical papers are often highly cited, which can lead to promotions, grant funding, and attention from the mainstream media. Because of these positive feedback effects, competition among scientists to publish in high-level journals like Nature and its closest competitor, Science, can be very fierce. Nature's impact factor, a measure of how many citations a journal generates in other works, was 38.138 in 2015 (as measured by Thomson ISI), among the highest of any science journal. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nature_(journal)

https://www.nature.com/nature/for-authors/editorial-criteria-and-processes

LordReed:


Being published in Nature or any Nature publication is very prestigious. In particular, empirical papers are often highly cited, which can lead to promotions, grant funding, and attention from the mainstream media. Because of these positive feedback effects, competition among scientists to publish in high-level journals like Nature and its closest competitor, Science, can be very fierce. Nature's impact factor, a measure of how many citations a journal generates in other works, was 38.138 in 2015 (as measured by Thomson ISI), among the highest of any science journal. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nature_(journal)

https://www.nature.com/nature/for-authors/editorial-criteria-and-processes

This:
Climate scientists withdraw journal claims of rising sea levels
https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2010/feb/21/sea-level-geoscience-retract-siddall

Phones can't morph(evolve) into laptops unless they are designed to do so. But phones can adapt to ambient light or to cool/hot temperature. It's simply adaptation not evolution. The designers made them so.

OpenYourEyes1:


This:
Climate scientists withdraw journal claims of rising sea levels
https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2010/feb/21/sea-level-geoscience-retract-siddall

Means what exactly?

OpenYourEyes1:
Phones can't morph(evolve) into laptops unless they are designed to do so. But phones can adapt to ambient light or to cool/hot temperature. It's simply adaption not evolution. The designers made them so.

Did you even read the summary? They have no multi cellular ancestry ie its not in their genes or dna. This is a pure change from single cell to multi cell.

LordReed:


Did you even read the summary? They have no multi cellular ancestry ie its not in their genes or dna. This is a pure change from single cell to multi cell.

That behavior is 100% in the DNA. There is no way the behavior arose spontaneously.

It depends on the ancestor the researchers is talking about. The organism distant ancestors most likely clustered together in the absence of predator or the information to cluster together is already encoded in their dna by their CREATOR.

The organism simply adapted into the single cell life cycle in the presence of predator.

Watch this fish behave in similar manner
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y-5ffl5_7AI&itct=CBIQpDAYByITCIqkkpir3-ACFZMv4Aodm9UOsFIOc2Nob29saW5nIGZpc2g%3D&hl=en&client=mv-google&gl=NG

The fish swim together in synchrony... Few determined predators tend to scatter them around. Just imagine if the ocean is filled with such predators. The fish will be completely scattered. If the predators remain in their great number the fish will remained scattered and pass this behavior onto its offspring. This is Adaption bro not evolution.

OpenYourEyes1:


That behavior is 100% in the DNA. There is no way the behavior arose spontaneously.

It depends on the ancestor the researchers is talking about. The organism distant ancestors most likely clustered together in the absence of predator or the information to cluster together is already encoded in their dna by their CREATOR.

The organism simply adapted into the single cell life cycle in the presence of predator.

Watch this fish behave in similar manner
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y-5ffl5_7AI&itct=CBIQpDAYByITCIqkkpir3-ACFZMv4Aodm9UOsFIOc2Nob29saW5nIGZpc2g%3D&hl=en&client=mv-google&gl=NG

The fish swim together in synchrony... Few determined predators tend to scatter them around. Just imagine if the ocean is filled with such predators. The fish will be completely scattered. If the predators remain in their great number the fish will remained scattered and pass this behavior onto its offspring. This is Adaption bro not evolution.

LoL going from single cell to multi cell is adaptation. I don hear. LMFAO!

LordReed:


LoL going from single cell to multi cell is adaptation. I don hear. LMFAO!

They didn't morph into "Multicellular organism"(no living unit emerged). The researcher says they "evolved" into "multicellular life cycle" or "multicellular structure"

This is pure adaptation.

OpenYourEyes1:


They didn't morph into "Multicellular organism"(no living unit emerged). The researcher says they "evolved" into "multicellular life cycle" or "multicellular structure"

This is pure adaptation.

Where did you read "no living unit emerged" from?

LordReed:



evolved multicellular life cycles are stable over thousands of asexual generations in the absence of predators.

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-39558-8#Sec2

Video: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-39558-8#MOESM1

Staggering implications.

So they devolved back to unicellular organism in the presence of predators? More like human changing back to monkey in absence of livable lands.


The unicellular organisms probably formed into what is known as Colonial organism(check the fish example).
They do not feed with single "mouth" or reproduce with single reproductive system.

They are simply different C. reinhardtii clustering together

OpenYourEyes1:


So they devolved back to unicellular organism in the absence of predators? More like human changing back to monkey in absence of livable lands.


The unicellular organisms probably formed into what is known as Colonial organism(check the fish example).
They do not feed with single "mouth" or reproduce with single reproductive system.

They are simply different C. reinhardtii clustering together

What part of multi cellular do you not understand? If they were forming colonies do you think they would consider it noteworthy? The organisms were evolving from a single cell to multi cell, not adaptation as you are calling it.

No they did not devolve back to to single cell, they remained multi cellular even in the absence of predators.

LordReed:


What part of multi cellular do you not understand? If they were forming colonies do you think they would consider it noteworthy? The organisms were evolving from a single cell to multi cell, not adaptation as you are calling it.

No they did not devolve back to to single cell, they remained multi cellular even in the absence of predators.

Excerpt from the article:

However, in some clusters, cells undergoing division separate, but remain proximately located because they are embedded in an extracellular matrix (ECM) of the parent cluster https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-39558-8#Sec2

The Cells are individually dividing within the cluster. Read your article again.

The cells do not share DNA, nucleus, mitochondria, vacuoles. They are all individual cells within a cluster.

OpenYourEyes1:






Excerpt from the article:



The Cells are individually dividing within the cluster. Read your article again.

The cells do not share DNA, nucleus, mitochondria, vacuoles. They are all individual cells within a cluster.

They were talking of the peculiarities of a particular strain so how does that make it representative of the whole set?

LordReed:


They were talking of the peculiarities of a particular strain so how does that make it representative of the whole set?

This is not a multicellular organism.

OpenYourEyes1:


This is not a multicellular organism.

Why don't you read the description following the image?

Depiction of C. reinhardtii life cycles following evolution with (B2, B5) or without (K1) predators for 50 weeks. Categories (A–D) show a variety of life cycle characteristics, from unicellular to various multicellular forms. Briefly, A shows the ancestral, wild-type life cycle; in B this is modified with cells embedded in an extracellular matrix; C is similar to B but forms much larger multicellular structures; while D shows a fully multicellular life cycle in which multicellular clusters release multicellular propagules. Evolved strains were qualitatively categorized based on growth during 72-hour time-lapse videos. Strains within each life cycle category are listed below illustrations. Representative microscopic images of each life cycle category are at the bottom (Depicted strain in boldface).

LordReed:



Why don't you read the description following the image?

Depiction of C. reinhardtii life cycles following evolution with (B2, B5) or without (K1) predators for 50 weeks. Categories (A–D) show a variety of life cycle characteristics, from unicellular to various multicellular forms. Briefly, A shows the ancestral, wild-type life cycle; in B this is modified with cells embedded in an extracellular matrix; C is similar to B but forms much larger multicellular structures; while D shows a fully multicellular life cycle in which multicellular clusters release multicellular propagules. Evolved strains were qualitatively categorized based on growth during 72-hour time-lapse videos. Strains within each life cycle category are listed below illustrations. Representative microscopic images of each life cycle category are at the bottom (Depicted strain in boldface).

Watch the parts highlighted in red:

— Multicellular forms. -> Didn't say "Multicellular Life Form"
— Multicellular Structure -> Didn't say Multicellular life/organism
— Multicellular clusters -> Still didn't say Multicellular Organism

This is simply clusters of unicellular organisms. The multicellular structures/clusters do not have a feeding system, reproductive system, or a system that qualifies it as a living organism.

OpenYourEyes1:



Watch the parts highlighted in red:

— Multicellular forms. -> Didn't say "Multicellular Life Form"
— Multicellular Structure -> Didn't say Multicellular life/organism
— Multicellular clusters -> Still didn't say Multicellular Organism

This is simply clusters of unicellular organisms. The multicellular structures/clusters do not have a feeding system, reproductive system, or a system that qualifies it as a living organism.

LoL you don't seem to understand what you are reading. These are already living organisms why the hell would they need to keep repeating that? If they were not living organisms how were they reproducing?

One thing you seem to be conflating here is the use of clusters. Because humans cluster it doesn't mean they are no longer individuals. Same with these organisms they are clustering both in their single celled forms and their multicell forms. The multicell forms are reproducing and giving rise to similar multi cell form even in the absence of a predator which means they are passing the characteristic to their offspring. Exactly as the theory of evolution posits.

LordReed:


LoL you don't seem to understand what you are reading. These are already living organisms why the hell would they need to keep repeating that? If they were not living organisms how were they reproducing?

One thing you seem to be conflating here is the use of clusters. Because humans cluster it doesn't mean they are no longer individuals. Same with these organisms they are clustering both in their single celled forms and their multicell forms. The multicell forms are reproducing and giving rise to similar multi cell form even in the absence of a predator which means they are passing the characteristic to their offspring. Exactly as the theory of evolution posits.

Read your article again
The organisms(C. reinhardtii.) are reproducing in the clusters, it is as simple as that .
The organisms divide and multiple just like typical cells.
Look at the clusters again, they have no definite shape. They are mere colonies of the C. reinhardtii.
You don't called a group of people clustering together a living being,do you?

OpenYourEyes1:



Read your article again
The organisms(C. reinhardtii.) are reproducing in the clusters, it is as simple as that .
The organisms divide and multiple just like typical cells.
Look at the clusters again, they have no definite shape. They are mere colonies of the C. reinhardtii.
You don't called a group of people clustering together a living being,do you?

How are you expecting a 4 or 8 celled organisms to look like? You think they suddenly start like human beings? Go find a picture of a human embryo that has just started dividing from a fertilized ovum and compare.

LordReed:


How are you expecting a 4 or 8 celled organisms to look like? You think they suddenly start like human beings? Go find a picture of a human embryo that has just started dividing from a fertilized ovum and compare.

Another Example: Below is an image of clustered frog eggs. The cluster is not a living organism. It is just a cluster of multiple eggs.

Pacific Treefrogs lay eggs in clusters of 10-80 eggs typically attached to vegetation in shallow, still water. Each cluster is a soft, irregularly shaped mass that does not hold its shape out of the water. A single female frog lays 20-30 egg clusters in a breeding season. The eggs here are in the early stages of cell division. https://www.kingcounty.gov/services/environment/animals-and-plants/biodiversity/defining-biodiversity/species-of-interest/herps/treefrog.aspx

OpenYourEyes1:


They didn't morph into "Multicellular organism"(no living unit emerged). The researcher says they "evolved" into "multicellular life cycle" or "multicellular structure"

This is pure adaptation.

Adaptation is evolution. Stop redefining terms.

LordReed:


How are you expecting a 4 or 8 celled organisms to look like? You think they suddenly start like human beings? Go find a picture of a human embryo that has just started dividing from a fertilized ovum and compare.

You mean Zygote ? Zygote is still a cell

CoolUsername:

Adaptation is evolution. Stop redefining terms.

Evolution is a myth

OpenYourEyes1:


You mean Zygote ? Zygote is still a cell

OpenYourEyes1:







Another Example: Below is an image of clustered frog eggs. The cluster is not a living organism. It is just a cluster of multiple eggs.

Watch this:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bHYAMjwgeV8

Now compare the way that looks and tell me how it is different.


EDIT: Look at the 8 cell stage of the embryo below and tell me it is not multicellular.

LordReed:


Watch this:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bHYAMjwgeV8

Now compare the way that looks and tell me how it is different.


EDIT: Look at the 8 cell stage of the embryo below and tell me it is not multicellular.

Well, human zygote divides to form a living organism(human) that is capable of reproducing.


C. reinhardtii only divides within their cluster ... the division does not produce a multicellular organism . Human zygote divides to produce a multicellular organism (human)

OpenYourEyes1:


Evolution is a myth

That notion is incredibly asinine in the face of overwhelming evidence.

OpenYourEyes1:


Well, human zygote divides to form a living organism(human) that is capable of reproducing.


C. reinhardtii only divides within their cluster ... the division does not produce a multicellular organism . Human zygote divides to produce a multicellular organism (human)

This conversation has gone as far as it can. Thanks for your time.

CoolUsername:


That notion is incredibly asinine in the face of overwhelming evidence.

As in, you need to be INCREDIBLY obtuse to take such a deliberately contrarian stance.

LordReed:
Staggering implications.

Please sir, what are these "staggering implications"?

LordReed:
As in, you need to be INCREDIBLY obtuse to take such a deliberately contrarian stance.

Are you saying evolution is a certifiable scientific fact .


Ekú weekend y'all
TV

TV01:

Please sir, what are these "staggering implications"?

A few:

1. Evolution can be observed in real time.
2, What moved life from single cell to multicell could have been the same need to self preserve.
3. We could be affecting evolutionary trends with our actions right now.

Are you saying evolution is a certifiable scientific fact .

Yup.

Ekú weekend y'all

Same to you.