Parent involvement in a child's early education is consistently found to be positively associated with a child's academic performance. Specifically, children whose parents are more involved in their education have higher levels of academic performance than children whose parents are involved to a lesser degree. Parent-child interactions, specifically stimulating and responsive parenting practices, are important influences on a child's academic development. Parental involvement, defined as motivated parental attitudes and behaviors intended to influence children’s educational well-being. It is a multidimensional and bidirectional construct that has been shown to have clear links with social and academic outcomes for children. Traditionally parental involvement has been defined as engaging parents in school-based activities and events related to their child’s education. However, a more comprehensive view of parental involvement goes beyond just parent activities in school settings but in subject- oriented participation. This comprehensive view of parental involvement is grounded in the understanding that children’s academic success is influenced by multiple contexts (e.g., home, school, and community) in a dynamic and bidirectional manner. Parental involvement has shown considerable variation to occur in the level of involvement and this variation to largely depend on the socio-economic position and ethnic background of the parents. At the same time, parental involvement has indeed been found to influence the cognitive and social development of children. The important role of a strong positive bond between homes and schools play in the development and education of children. Successful students have strong academic support from their involved parents. Furthermore, well established and effective schools where students are learning and achieving, has consistently shown that these schools, despite often working in low social and economic neighborhoods, have strong and positive school-home relationships. More importantly, these effective schools have made a real effort in reaching out to their students’ families in order to bring about liaison and cooperation. Several Studies have shown that students performed better academically and had more positive school attitudes if they had parents who were aware, knowledgeable and involved.
PARENT INVOLVEMENT
Parent involvement can be described as social relations that are imbued with norms of trust, obligation, or reciprocity. Parent involvement is conceived of as a form of social capital. Parents invest their time, attention, and resources in their children with the expectation of a return – namely that their children will perform better in school. Parent involvement encompasses three broad domains, parent-child relations, parent-school relations, and parent-parent relations. In all three cases, it is generally assumed that parents invest time with their children, school personnel, or other parents with the expectation that their involvement will yield a tangible return. The exact form of the expected return is not always clear, but can include improved educational expectations, improved role performance (i.e. better attendance, increased homework done, reduced delinquency, etc.), increased achievement, or strengthened relationships with school personnel or other parents.
Parental involvement refers to the amount of participation a parent has when it comes to schooling and her child's life. Some schools foster healthy parental involvement through events and volunteer opportunities, but sometimes it's up to the parents to involve themselves with their children's education. You can ensure that your child receives the benefits from parental involvements by staying up to date on what is happening in the classroom, helping your child with school opportunities and knowing correct safety procedure for the school. Education begins at home. The responsibility to socialize and educate children is a shared obligation between parents and schools. In order for a child to reach academic achievement, parents must be involved and participate in the educational process. The more parental involvement, the more students are likely to become productive members of society as well as excel in academics. Parental involvement impacts student academics. Children are likely to excel in academics when their parents' actively participate in their education. Education is necessary and important to society. Education provides insight, increases knowledge and skill. It is important to the development of human capital and an individual's ability to provide a better living. Thus, the education of parents as well as their economic status is crucial elements to the educational outcomes of students. Economics plays an integral role in this educational experience, and even plays a substantial role in student confidence, further exacerbating its influence.
ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE
Academic achievement or academic performance is the extent to which a student, teacher or institution has attained their short or long-term educational goals. Completion of educational benchmarks such as secondary school diplomas and bachelor's degrees represent academic achievement.
Academic performance is the measurement of student achievement across various academic subjects. Teachers and education officials typically measure achievement using classroom performance, graduation rates and results from standardized tests. Academic achievement is the extent to which a student or institution has achieved either short or long term educational goals. Achievement may be measured through students’ grade point average, whereas for institutions, achievement may be measured through graduation rates.
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Academic performance of students is a key feature in education. It is considered to be the center around which the whole education system revolves. The academic performance of students determines the success or failure of any academic institution. Academic performances of students have a direct impact on the socio-economic development of a country. Students’ academic performance serves as bedrock for knowledge acquisition and the development of skills. Additionally, the top most priority of all educators is academic performance of students. Academic performance is the knowledge gained which is assessed by marks by a teacher and/or educational goals set by students and teachers to be achieved over a specific period of time. They added that these goals are measured by using continuous assessment or examinations results.
IMPORTANCE OF PARENT INVOLVEMENT IN ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF STUDENTS
The importance of parent involvement in academic performance of students cannot be overemphasized. This is because it has lots of positive impact on students and also influences students’ relationship with their teachers. One of the importances of parents’ involvement in academic performance of students is that children are likely to excel in academics when their parents' actively participate in their education. Education is necessary and important to society. Education provides insight, increases knowledge and skill. It is important to the development of human capital and an individual's ability to provide a better living. Thus, the education of parents as well as their economic status is crucial elements to the educational outcomes of students. Economics plays an integral role in this educational experience, and even plays a substantial role in student confidence, further exacerbating its influence.
CONCLUSION
Expanding the involvement of parents in the education of their children has recently been viewed as an important strategy to advance the effectiveness and improve the quality of education. Within the framework of providing greater autonomy for schools, strengthening parental involvement is also considered important with the underlying thought that parents can be construed as a force with a vested interest and thereby the potential to balance the efforts of directorates and school boards at times. In addition, strengthening the cooperation between schools and parents appears to be critical to improve the school careers of disadvantaged groups, such as ethnic minority and low socio-economic status pupils.