What is Islam's position on space exploration?
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Islam encouraged curiosity and exploration in Muslims.

This can be seen by Prophet Muhammad’s regular visits to the cave in Hira where he would stay there all alone and contemplates the nature around him and the intricate natural system behind everything.

In the verse of Ar-Rahman (55:34) God says, “O company of jinn and mankind, if you are able to pass beyond the regions of the heavens and the earth, then pass. You will not pass except by authority [from Allah ].”




This clearly shows that humans could one day get out of the Earth’s atmosphere and see what’s beyond. It also shows that you won’t get punished for doing so, as God is giving you a green light to do so.

Through out different verses in the Quran, God suggested the steps of the Big Bang theory! For example, to show that the universe is expanding, God said “

Quran 51:47
And the heaven, We built it with craftsmanship and We are still expanding.


This backs specifically that the universe is expanding. And that was said in an ancient book 1400 years ago.



2:117– He is the One Who has originated the heavens and the earth, and when He wills to (originate) a thing, He only says to it: 'Be', and it becomes.


This verse shows that God is who’s behind the creation of the universe and thus it does show that the universe had a starting point
(a scientifically proven fact by the Big Bang theory)

Have those who disbelieved not considered that the heavens and the earth were a joined entity, then We separated them, and made from water every living thing? Then will they not believe?” (Quran 21:30)


The Big Bang theory says that all the matter in the universe came into existence from one single extremely hot and dense point; that exploded and brought about the beginning of the universe, matches what is mentioned in the verse that the heaven and Earth (thus the universe) where once joined together, and then split apart.

Islamic astronomy comprises the astronomical developments made in the Islamic world, particularly during the Islamic Golden Age (9th–13th centuries),and mostly written in the Arabic language. These developments mostly took place in the Middle East, Central Asia, Al-Andalus, and North Africa, and later in the Far East and India. It closely parallels the genesis of other Islamic sciences in its assimilation of foreign material and the amalgamation of the disparate elements of that material to create a science with Islamic characteristics. These included Greek, Sassanid, and Indian works in particular, which were translated and built upon.


https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomy_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world

Islamic astronomy played a significant role in the revival of Byzantine[3] and European[4] astronomy following the loss of knowledge during the early medieval period, notably with the production of Latin translations of Arabic works during the 12th century. Islamic astronomy also had an influence on Chinese astronomy[5] and Malian astronomy.[6][7]

A significant number of stars in the sky, such as Aldebaran, Altair and Deneb, and astronomical terms such as alidade, azimuth, and nadir, are still referred to by their Arabic names.[8][9] A large corpus of literature from Islamic astronomy remains today, numbering approximately 10,000 manuscripts scattered throughout the world, many of which have not been read or catalogued. Even so, a reasonably accurate picture of Islamic activity in the field of astronomy can be reconstructed.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomy_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world

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Isorite

As time progressed Islam promoted mediocrity. This is still evidenced today. The said advancement in astronomy was due to Babylonian and Assyrian astronomy before the advent of Islam. When Islam came, darkness descended, every form of knowledge became haram. Study history and stop peddling lies. The pre - Islamic middle East that ruled the world had more glory in. Science, Medicine, Mathematics, Engineering, Administration than the Islamic times.