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Before thinking of approaching the bank for loan, can your business be trusted. Will it survive? there are many reasons why banks are afraid of new establishment. However, some of the things to take note in the running of your business https://pas-wordpress-media.s3.amazonaws.com/content/uploads/2017/10/confidence-in-entrepreneurship.jpg 1. Get Organized To be successful in business you need to be organized. Organization will help you complete tasks and stay on top of things to be done. . . A good way to do this is to create a to-do list each day. As you complete each item, check it off your list. . . This will ensure that you're not forgetting anything and you're completing all the tasks that are essential to the survival of your business. . . 2. Keep Detailed Records All successful businesses keep detailed records . By keeping detailed records, you'll know where the business stands financially and what potential challenges you could be facing. . . Just knowing this gives you time to create strategies to overcome those challenges. . 3. Analyze Your Competition Competition breeds the best results. To be successful, you can't be afraid to study and learn from your competitors. . . After all, they may be doing something right that you can implement in your business to make more money. (For related reading, see: How do I determine my company's competitive advantage? ) . . 4. Understand the Risks and Rewards The key to being successful is taking calculated risks to help your business grow. A good question to ask is "What's the downside?" If you can answer this question, then you know what the worst-case scenario is. . . This knowledge will allow you to take the kinds of calculated risks that can generate tremendous rewards. https://pas-wordpress-media.s3.amazonaws.com/content/uploads/2017/10/take-off.jpg 5. Be Creative Always be looking for ways to improve your business and to make it stand out from the competition. Recognize that you don't know everything and be open to new ideas and new approaches to your business. . . 6. Stay Focused The old saying, "Rome was not built in a day," applies here. Just because you open a business doesn't mean you're going to immediately start making money. It takes time to let people know who you are, so stay focused on achieving your short-term goals. . . 7. Provide Great Service There are many successful businesses that forget that providing great customer service is important. If you provide better service for your customers, they'll be more inclined to come to you the next time they need something instead of going to your competition. You Can Read More about How to Start business or Improve your Existing Venture √√√√√√√√√√√√√√ . TechPally.com/category/business |
Cat is the second most popular pet in the world after Dog and the second with the most search queries related to pet on the internet. But it's quite unfortunate, this animal is not much loved in Nigeria I doubt if there's any tribe that cherish this pet like the Europeans. Nevertheless, these are the best Cat breeds that do not cause allergy and best to choose as your pet. https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/siberian-cat-131919521.jpg . . CORNISH REX Very good cat for allergy sufferers since they shed very little because they possess only the undercoat layer called the down hair. . . SPHYNX This breed of cat is hairless. Therefore, they have no hair to trap the allergens in their saliva. . . RUSSIAN BLUE This is suprisingly a hypoallergenic cat. Even though he has some fur, he is still short haired. This breed is famous for his blue/grey coloured coat that makes his coat shiny. . . BENGAL What makes this breed hypoallergenic is not that it produces less of the protein that makes people allergic to cats, but it is their coats that make them hypoallergenic. Their coats require less maintenance, for that reason, their coats aren’t charged with as much saliva. https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/Siberian_600.jpg BALINESE This cat breed produces less of the Fel D1 protein in his saliva, which makes him a good candidate for allergy sufferers. . . SIBERIAN This is a great option for cat lovers who really prefer a long-haired cat. . . DEVON REX Same family as the Cornish Rex, the Devon breed has less hair and shorter fur than the Cornish Rex. . . JAVANESE Javanese cats only have one of the three layers of coat that regular cats have, similar to the cornish and devon rexes. The difference is that this cat breed only has the top layer of coat that most cats have instead of the down hair. Read Details And Join the Conversation √√√√√√√√√√√√√√√ Farmpally.com/hypoallergenic-cats |
Are the books in print or electronic ? |
Semantic technology helps us: Find more relevant and useful information . Because it enables us to search information from disparate sources (federated search) and automatically refine our searches (faceted search). . Better understand what is happening . Because it enables us to use the relationships between concepts to predict and interpret change. . Build more transparent systems and communications . Because it is based on common meanings and mutual understanding of the key concepts and relationships that govern our business ecosystems. . Increase our effectiveness, efficiency and strategic advantage . Because it enables us to make changes to our information systems more quickly and easily. . Become more perceptive, intelligent and collaborative . Because it enables us to ask questions we couldn’t ask before You can Read More and Join the Conversation √√√√√√√√√√√√√√√ TechPally.com/semantic-web-tech-explained-the-purpose-application-and-benefits |
Precision Agriculture is relatively New in the world and I'm sure Nigerian Farming is still far behind in Agtech but we're bringing Agro tech to the limelight in Nigeria at the digital level as we don't have the resources at the field level. The goal of precision farming is to improve agricultural yield and reduce potential environmental risks, while benefits are: Monitor the soil and plant physicochemical parameters: by placing sensors (electrical conductivity, nitrates, temperature, evapotranspiration, radiation, leaf and soil moisture, etc.) the optimal conditions for plant growth can be achieved Obtain data in real time: the application of sensing devices in your fields will allow a continuous monitoring of the chosen parameters and will offer real time data ensuring an updated status of the field and plant parameters at all time Provide better information for management decisions Save time and costs: reduce fertilizer and chemical application costs, reduce pollution through less use of chemicals Provide better farm records essential for sale and succession Can be integrated with farm management softwares, to make all activities on farm more easy and to improve farm productivity Benefits due to reduced overlap of spraying were typically in the order of 10% savings on spraying costs. Other important benefits are: less fuel use, less soil compaction, less hired labour requirement and more timely sowing. So, to farmers and land owners who decide to use technology to manage their fields, precision farming seems to bring many benefits, and ultimately increase of profit. You Can Read More and Join the Conversation √√√√√√√√√√√√ FarmPally.com/precision-farming-types |
Chakras are the Centers of the Energy of the Body. I'm sure 90% of you Reading this are just knowing this for the first time. Kindly read the details down below. Red is the color of the root chakra (first chakra) it symbolizes safety, survival, grounding, nourishment from the Earth energy. Note that in chakra healing practices, red may denote inflammation at the physical level. Meaning of the orange chakra color: Orange is the color of the sacral chakra (second chakra); it carries meanings associated with emotions, creativity, sexuality, and is associated with water, flow. Meaning of the yellow chakra color: is the color of the solar plexus chakra (third chakra); it symbolizes mental activities, intellect, personal power, will. Meaning of the green chakra color: Green is the color of the heart chakra (fourth chakra); it is connected with love, relating, integration, compassion. Meaning of the blue chakra color: Blue is the color of the throat chakra (fifth chakra); it symbolizes self expression, expression of truth, creative expression, communication, perfect form and patterns. Meaning of the purple chakra color (or deep indigo blue): Purple (or deep indigo blue) is the color of the third eye chakra (sixth chakra); it evokes intuition, extrasensory perception, inner wisdom. Meaning of the white chakra color (or purple): White is the color of the crown chakra (seventh chakra); it’s associated with the universal, connection with spirituality, consciousness. You can Read More and Join the Conversation √√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√ HealthPally.com/chakra-colors-and-meanings |
Let's have your opinions. |
Your possible questions have already been answered in the details. |
Nairaland farmers can visit us for help on piggery. |
You are Going to be Reading FULL GUIDE below * Waterproof Shoe Protectors * Mineral Rich Magnetic Face Mask * Deshedding Pet Gloves * Desktop Punching Bag * Wireless Charger * Car Phone Holders * Scalp Massager https://alidropship.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/health-tracker-768x771.png You Will Read More and Join the Conversation here √√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√ TechPally.com/ecommerce-business-ideas |
The important points about the pig house are as follows: 1. The floor of the house must be 3 X 3 m. 2. The floor of the house must be raised about 60 cm above the ground. 3. The floor boards should have spaces of 2 cm between them. 4. The roof must be rain, proof. 5. The high side of the roof should face in a direction where some sun can shine a little way into the house on this side: but there must always be shade in some part of the house. 6. The house must be strongly built. A pigsty can be constructed cheaply by using locally available materials. It needs to be constructed according to climatic conditions and according to the pig production system. The pigsty should be comfortable for the pigs: good ventilation and ample shade, no overheating, no smells, no draft and no dampness. The building should be constructed with its length axis in an East-West direction (protected from sun and rain). The pig building needs to be divided into different pens for each phase of the produc- tion cycle. The number and the size of the pens depend on the expected numbers of pigs to be housed in each production phase. The costs of constructing the pigsty should fit the pig production systems. An efficient pig production is required to cover high construction costs You can Read More and Join the Conversation √√√√√√√√√√√√√√ FarmPally.com/housing-requirements-for-pigs |
1. Astaxanthin Modulates the Immune Responses Combined astaxanthin and fish oil supplementation modulate lymphocyte function in rats. Astaxanthin enhanced antibody production and decreased immune response in older animals after dietary supplementation. Supplementation with 2 mg astaxanthin for 8 weeks enhanced immune response and reduced CRP in young healthy females. 2. Astaxanthin Protects the Stomach Lining fromH. pylori and Ulcers Mice pretreated with astaxanthin for 1 hour before ulcer induction had significantly decreased gastric ulcers. These results suggest that astaxanthin has antioxidant properties and exerts a protective effect against ulcer formation in murine models. 3. Astaxanthin Protects Against UV Damage It can prevent skin thickening and reduce collagen reduction against UV-induced skin damage. Astaxanthin protects against UVA-induced skin photoaging such as sagging and wrinkles. 4. Astaxanthin Reduces Exercise Fatigue Antioxidant effects of astaxanthin can significantly delay exhaustion in a forced swimming test in rats. 5. Astaxanthin Protects the Mitochondria from Oxidative Stress Astaxanthin is effective at improving mitochondrial function by protecting the mitochondria from oxidative stress. Dietary astaxanthin improves mitochondrial function in white blood cells of dogs, most likely by alleviating oxidative damage to DNA and proteins You can Read More and Join the Conversation √√√√√√√√√√√√ HealthPally.com/astaxanthin-dietary-supplement-how-to-use-it-dosage-where-to-buy-the-capsule-and-powder |
1. Puppy proofing Look around your environment for possible dangers to your inquisitive puppy. Place household cleaners and chemicals out of reach along with potentially toxic plants. Electrical cords should be covered or made inaccessible to prevent chewing on them resulting in electrocution. . . Block access to rooms that have not been puppy proofed and consider crate training your dog for the times when he cannot be supervised. . https://www.cesarsway.com/sites/newcesarsway/files/styles/large_article_preview/public/5-steps-to-correct-inappropriate-dog-chewing.jpg 2. Encourage appropriate chewing provide appropriate chew toys for your dog to enjoy. Each dog will have their own personal preference as to what they prefer to chew and play with. Be careful with rawhide and beef bones as determined chewers can whittle them down to smaller pieces that can be swallowed. They can end up becoming lodged in the esophagus or small intestine so supervision is recommended when giving these treats and be sure to take away any small pieces that might be swallowed. . . Dog toys such as balls and kongs may appeal to your dog, just be sure to select a size that is appropriate for your dog. They should be able to pick it up and carry it but it should be of sufficient bulk that it cannot be swallowed. . . If you buy your dog a kong type toy check, make sure the hole in the toy is not so big that the dog can get his lower jaw stuck in it.I have seen several emergency cases where a dog comes in with a toy stuck in his mouth. 3. Discourage inappropriate chewing By following step two you will have already minimized the amount of mischief your young dog can get into. If you do find your dog chewing on something inappropriate correct the dog by taking the object away and scolding him. . . Sometimes it can be difficult to discourage chewing if the pattern is already established. Taste deterrents such as bitter apple can applied to the object, the noxious taste will hopefully deter the determined chewer and he will learn to leave the object alone. 4. Engage in playtime with your dog A tired dog is a good dog! Spend time playing and exercising with your dog on a regular basis. This not only reinforces the human-animal bond but expends energy that your dog might be otherwise directed to inappropriate chewing and behaviors. You can Read More and Join the Conversation √√√√√√√√√√√√ FarmPally.com/stopping-dog-destructive-chewing |
1. Fighting Bacterial Infections Black seed oil has an unusual ability to fight bacterial infections, even drug-resistant ones such as MRSA. “Certainly not all oils or supplements are going to have that kind of antimicrobial benefit,” says Trevor Cates, ND, author of Clean Skin from Within. “We’re always trying to look at ways that we can reduce the use of antibiotics and just use them when they’re specifically indicated,” she says. “And a lot of times we can get by using natural things that have antimicrobial benefits.” 2. Reducing Scars To prevent scarring from a minor cut, Cates recommends applying black seed oil topically once the cut has started to heal. “It’s not something you would put on when you have an open wound, but once it starts to heal, to make sure it heals properly,” she says. 3. Relieving Allergies In studies of 152 people suffering from various allergies, black seed oil relieved both respiratory symptoms and eczema. Effective doses ranged from 18–36 mg per pound of body weight per day. 4. Enhancing Weight Loss A study of 90 obese women found that adding black seed oil to a low-calorie diet produced more weight loss than the diet alone. And a study of 250 men found that black seed oil by itself, or in combination with turmeric, produced some weight loss and reduced risk factors for diabetes. You can Read Full Details and Join the Conversation √√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√ HealthPally.com/black-cumin-seed-oil-benefits |
The commercial kitchen is an hazardous area that should be monitored for both toxic and combustible gas hazards. Whether natural gas or propane is used for combustion, a variety of cooking equipment (e.g. stoves, grills and fryers) present a constant flammable danger to workers. In addition, carbon monoxide (CO), the byproduct of incomplete combustion, can be present at unsafe levels. You can Read Details and Join the Conversation √√√√√√√√√√√√√ Healthpally.com/carbon-monoxide-poison/ |
Radiotherapy is the technique of using highly controlled blasts of radiation to kill tumor cells before they have a chance to multiply and spread throughout the body. . . Whilst the radiation is highly damaging to cancer cells, the healthy cells surrounding them are much more resistant to the therapy, meaning that healthcare professionals are able to readily target cancerous tissue. . Due to their relatively small size, dogs are especially good candidates for the use of this therapy. Win a FREE walk if Dog Catches Frisbee! Congratulations!Schedule your free walk now. . . BOOK WALK RADIOTHERAPY PROCEDURE IN DOGS . Prior to undergoing the actual procedure, the dog will have to go through several CT and MRI scans of the body to pinpoint the locations of the tumors. . . To begin the radiotherapy, the dog will be given a general anesthetic and secured to a 'sledge' (much like that used during the MRI/CAT scans) that will assist the radiotherapy machine with targeting the tumors. . Next, the machine will send beams of high-energy radiation into the body from different angles, having them intersect at the site of the tumor. This prevents healthy tissue from receiving lethal doses of radiation whilst simultaneously ensuring that the cancer cells receive the full brunt of the radiation. . . After each tumor has received an appropriate amount of radiation, it is simply a matter of performing another series of scans to measure the results. Multiple treatments are typically administered at regular intervals, though the frequency and duration of treatments will depend on the dog’s condition. . . EFFICACY OF RADIOTHERAPY IN DOGS . The cancers best treated by radiotherapy are ones that are localized, as this makes it easier to target the tumors and decreases the total amount of radiation that the dog will be absorbing. . . Against more widespread cancers, it may be appropriate for a vet to recommend chemotherapy instead, as this takes a holistic approach that will kill cancers situated throughout the entire body. . . It may be the case that a vet will recommend chemotherapy and radiotherapy in conjunction with one another. Obviously, such diagnoses can only be made on a case-by-case basis. Against the relevant types of tumors, radiotherapy is typically extremely effective and results can often be seen within a matter of days. . . RADIOTHERAPY RECOVERY IN DOGS . As radiotherapy is non-invasive, there is virtually no recovery time. Although the beams of radiation may cause a sunburn-like rash or skin discoloration at the points where they entered and exited the body, this is completely normal and will not require any additional treatment in order to heal. . . Hair loss can also be experienced at these sites, but the hair will typically start to regrow within a couple of weeks. In terms of measuring the effectiveness of the treatment, the vet will most likely book a series of follow-up exams over the coming months. . . These examinations will measure the effect that the treatment has had on the tumors themselves and determine whether or not it is necessary to utilize further radiotherapy. Typically, owners can expect the process to take approximately six months from beginning to end, with periodic checkups following on from that if needed. . . COST OF RADIOTHERAPY IN DOGS . Due to the complexity of the process and cost of equipment, the price for radiotherapy can typically range from $1,000 to several thousand dollars. Two of the main factors that determine the price are the virulence of the cancer being treated and how many follow-up sessions will be needed to completely eliminate it. . This is roughly analogous to the price of chemotherapy, which can easily reach $5,000, depending on the number of treatments and size of the dog. . . DOG RADIOTHERAPY CONSIDERATIONS . Radiotherapy is one of the most effective ways to treat localized cancers, offering a quick and relatively stress-free experience for the dog. However, there are several drawbacks that should be kept in mind when making the decision to pursue this course of treatment. . . Firstly, the healthy cells that grow to replace the dead tumors may take a while to appear, and can themselves be somewhat defective (leading to potential neurological problems or bone spurs, for instance). . . Another risk is the use of general anesthetic, which always poses a small but not insignificant threat of complications if your pet is old or has breathing difficulties. . . RADIOTHERAPY PREVENTION IN DOGS . Although many cancers are genetic in nature and are common in certain breeds, there are measures that can be taken to prevent the appearance of other tumors that owe their existence to environmental factors. . . Making sure that your dog is not exposed to hazardous substances such as toxic chemicals or dangerous particulates such as asbestos is a start. Secondly, making sure they have a generally healthy diet lifestyle can help ensure good health well into old age. You can Read More and Join the Conversation √√√√√√√√√√√√√ FarmPally.com/stereotactic-radiation-therapy-for-cancer-treatment-in-dogs-cats |
[quote author=wwwmaster post=75345374]Was expecting this long ago. Google missed their chance to challenge Facebook on social media battle when named it Google Plus, and built a rather complex UI.[/quote]. I've said it before, Google is just getting into so many things purposely because of controlling data and market share in Online marketing. |
You've received this email because you have a consumer (personal) Google+ account or you manage a Google+ page. In December 2018, we announced our decision to shut down Google+ for consumers in April 2019 due to low usage and challenges involved in maintaining a successful product that meets consumers' expectations. . . We want to thank you for being part of Google+ and provide next steps, including how to download your photos and other content. . . On April 2nd, your Google+ account and any Google+ pages you created will be shut down and we will begin deleting content from consumer Google+ accounts. Photos and videos from Google+ in your Album Archive and your Google+ pages will also be deleted. . https://smallbiztrends.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/googleplus-grave-850x476.png . You can download and save your content, just make sure to do so before April. Note that photos and videos backed up in Google Photos will not be deleted. The process of deleting content from consumer Google+ accounts, Google+ Pages, and Album Archive will take a few months, and content may remain through this time. . . For example, users may still see parts of their Google+ account via activity log and some consumer Google+ content may remain visible to G Suite users until consumer Google+ is deleted. As early as February 4th, you will no longer be able to create new Google+ profiles, pages, communities or events. See the full FAQ for more details and updates leading up to the shutdown. If you're a Google+ Community owner or moderator, you may download and save your data for your Google+ Community. Starting early March 2019, additional data will be available for download, including author, body, and photos for every community post in a public community. Learn more . . If you sign in to sites and apps using the Google+ Sign-in button, these buttons will stop working in the coming weeks but in some cases may be replaced by a Google Sign-in button. You'll still be able to sign in with your Google Account wherever you see Google Sign-in buttons. Learn more. . . If you've used Google+ for comments on your own or other sites, this feature will be removed from Blogger by February 4th and other sites by March 7th. All your Google+ comments on all sites will be deleted starting April 2, 2019. Learn more . . If you're a G Suite customer, Google+ for your G Suite account should remain active. Contact your G Suite administrator for more details. You can also expect a new look and new features soon. Learn more . . If you're a developer using Google+ APIs or Google+ Sign-in, click here to see how this will impact you. From all of us on the Google+ team, thank you for making Google+ such a special place. We are grateful for the talented group of artists, community builders, and thought leaders who made Google+ their home. It would not have been the same without your passion and dedication. |
Damonche4u:The line in bold got me feeling sad but don't wanna be political. We got almost every aspect of life wrong in this our clime. |
I would not be surprised if there are two occasions of rainfall before February ends. And as many have observed, this would be trap for early planters. But, could we say we had high sun intensity last year and probably rainfall wasn't much and it's resulting in the bursting out of rainfall from the cloud this early time of the year. |
I was surprised it rained, although very minimal. |
There have been early rainfall in some parts of Nigeria this year. Another downpour experienced in Ondo, Ondo state in early hours of today. What signal does it make? What should farmers take note this year? What's the view of Meteorologists ? |
Good job @pheonixdld2
Sent PM to you for partnership. |
ok |
space b__k_r |
The application of nanomaterials in agriculture aims in particular to reduce applications of plant protection products, minimize nutrient losses in fertilization, and increase yields through optimized nutrient management.Despite these potential advantages, the agricultural sector is still comparably marginal and has not yet made it to the market to any larger extent in comparison with other sectors of nanotechnology application. Nanotechnology Devices Nanotechnology devices and tools, like nanocapsules, nanoparticles and even viral capsids, are examples of uses for the detection and treatment of diseases, the enhancement of nutrients absorption by plants, the delivery of active ingredients to specific sites and water treatment processes. The use of target-specific nanoparticles can reduce the damage to non-target plant tissues and the amount of chemicals released into the environment. Nanotechnology derived devices are also explored in the field of plant breeding and genetic transformation. Advantages of Nanotechnology Devices on Farming The potential of nanotechnology in agriculture is large, but a few issues are still to be addressed, such as increasing the scale of production processes and lowering costs, as well as risk assessment issues. In this respect, particularly attractive are nanoparticles derived from biopolymers such as proteins and carbohydrates with low impact on human health and the environment. For instance, the potential of starch-based nanoparticles as nontoxic and sustainable delivery systems for agrochemicals and biostimulants is being extensively investigated.Nanomaterials and nanostructures with unique chemical, physical, and mechanical properties – e.g. electrochemically active carbon nanotubes, nanofibers and fullerenes – have been recently developed and applied for highly sensitive bio-chemical sensors. These nanosensors have also relevant implications for application in agriculture, in particular for soil analysis, easy bio-chemical sensing and control, water management and delivery, pesticide and nutrient delivery. In recent years, agricultural waste products have attracted attention as source of renewable raw materials to be processed in substitution of fossil resources for several different applications as well as a raw material for nanomaterial production (see for instance: "New synthesis method for graphene using agricultural waste" . Nanocomposites based on biomaterials have beneficial properties compared to traditional micro and macro composite materials and, additionally, their production is more sustainable. Many production processes are being developed nowadays to obtain useful nanocomposites from traditionally harvested materials.Commercial applications of nanotechnology in the agricultural sectorFrom a commercial perspective, existing agro-chemical companies are investigating the potential of nanotechnologies and, in particular, whether intentionally manufactured nano-size active ingredients can give increased efficacy or greater penetration of useful components in plants. However, the nano-size so far did not demonstrate to hold key improvements in products characteristics, especially considering the interest of large scale production and the costs involved in it.Some specific nano-products for the agricultural sector have been put on the market by technology-oriented smaller companies, like soil-enhancer products that promote even water distribution, storage and consequently water saving. However, the commercial market application of these products is so far only achieved at small scale, due to the high costs involved in their development. These costs are normally compensated by higher returns in the medical or pharmaceutical sectors, but so far there are no such returns in the agricultural sector. Research continues in the commercial agro-chemical sector to evaluate potential future advantages.Companies are also facing challenges derived from the definition of nanomaterials that is adopted by the EU. One crucial point related to the EU definition is the possibility that non-active substances already used for many decades in commercial products formulations will fall within the scope of the nano definition, although not intentionally developed as nanoparticles or having specific nano-scale properties. Nanoscale formulants (e.g. clay, silica, polymers, pigments, macromolecules) have been used for many decades and are also ubiquitous in many daily household products.The concern is that the need for labelling of products that are already on the market since decades results in a scenario, in which the technology is stigmatized, preventing further and innovative applications of nanotechnology in agriculture.Nanotechnology risk assessment and regulation in the EU and worldwideDue to the variety of applications of nanotechnology, different pieces of legislation are concerned in the EU, including both horizontal legislation and product-specific legislation. The most comprehensive horizontal piece of legislation relevant to nanomaterials is the EU Regulation on Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH), which addresses chemical substances, in whatever size, shape or physical state. Substances at the nanoscale are therefore covered by REACH and its provisions apply. Some researchers, however, argue that REACH needs to be revised in three major areas (read more: "Does the EU's chemical regulation sufficiently address nanotechnology risks?".Among product-specific legislation, some already explicitly address nanomaterials (cosmetics, food additives, provision of food information to consumers, and biocides) while others do not (toys, electrical equipment and waste & environmental legislation). At international level, there are several activities in place on risk analysis of nanomaterials in the food and agriculture sectors, in particular by the governments of Australia/New Zealand, Canada, China, the EU, Japan, Switzerland and the US. Overall, definitions of nanomaterials developed in different countries result in different risk management measures. So far, apart from the EU, no country has set a regulatory framework for the mandatory labelling of nanomaterials in food and current regulations do not cover all areas (see for instance: "Gaps in U.S. nanotechnology regulatory oversight" .Socio-economic issues of agricultural nanotechnology The emergence of nanotechnology applications in consumer products has also raised a number of ethical and societal concerns in some countries, starting from health and environmental safety, to consumer perception and intellectual property rights.From different studies about consumer acceptance of nanotechnology products, it appears that the public opinion is generally not negative. The public seems to be unconcerned about many applications of nanotechnology with the exception of areas where societal concern already exists such as pesticides.As for many emerging technologies, intellectual property in nanotechnology, and in particular freedom to operate, constitute relevant issues for the development of new products. The number of patent applications in nanotechnology has increased more than tenfold during the last 20 years, demonstrating a great potential for commercial applications. Patenting on nanotechnology in general presents some important concerns (read more: "Legal implications of the nanotechnology patent land rush" . Nanotechnology is pervasive in different fields of applications and nano-based inventions could infringe existing granted patents in those fields. This risk of overlapping patents can also have consequences for the agri-food sector. Moreover, patent holders could lock-up huge areas of technology. There are indeed already over 3,000 patents worldwide for potential agrochemical usage of nanotechnology but they are most likely patents with broad claims, filed with the scope of guarantee freedom to operate in the field in case of future commercial developments.In developing countries nanotechnologies can have important applications in several agri-food areas, such as food security, input delivery, rice production systems, agri-biotechnology, healthcare of animals, precision farming, food industry and water use (read more: "Small is beautiful? Nanotechnology solutions for development problems" . However, the main factors limiting the development of these applications are low investments in manpower training and in research infrastructure.Farmpally.com/nanotechnology-in-farming/ |
You can ask your questions here now, I'm available to answer them. |
You can ask your questions here now, I'm available to answer them. |
You can add more sites and let's try them. |
Stress can increase free radicals in your body system and this has significant negative effects, so watch... |
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. Nanocomposites based on biomaterials have beneficial properties compared to traditional micro and macro composite materials and, additionally, their production is more sustainable. Many production processes are being developed nowadays to obtain useful nanocomposites from traditionally harvested materials.Commercial applications of nanotechnology in the agricultural sectorFrom a commercial perspective, existing agro-chemical companies are investigating the potential of nanotechnologies and, in particular, whether intentionally manufactured nano-size active ingredients can give increased efficacy or greater penetration of useful components in plants. However, the nano-size so far did not demonstrate to hold key improvements in products characteristics, especially considering the interest of large scale production and the costs involved in it.Some specific nano-products for the agricultural sector have been put on the market by technology-oriented smaller companies, like soil-enhancer products that promote even water distribution, storage and consequently water saving. However, the commercial market application of these products is so far only achieved at small scale, due to the high costs involved in their development. These costs are normally compensated by higher returns in the medical or pharmaceutical sectors, but so far there are no such returns in the agricultural sector. Research continues in the commercial agro-chemical sector to evaluate potential future advantages.Companies are also facing challenges derived from the definition of nanomaterials that is adopted by the EU. One crucial point related to the EU definition is the possibility that non-active substances already used for many decades in commercial products formulations will fall within the scope of the nano definition, although not intentionally developed as nanoparticles or having specific nano-scale properties. Nanoscale formulants (e.g. clay, silica, polymers, pigments, macromolecules) have been used for many decades and are also ubiquitous in many daily household products.The concern is that the need for labelling of products that are already on the market since decades results in a scenario, in which the technology is stigmatized, preventing further and innovative applications of nanotechnology in agriculture.Nanotechnology risk assessment and regulation in the EU and worldwideDue to the variety of applications of nanotechnology, different pieces of legislation are concerned in the EU, including both horizontal legislation and product-specific legislation. The most comprehensive horizontal piece of legislation relevant to nanomaterials is the EU Regulation on Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH), which addresses chemical substances, in whatever size, shape or physical state. Substances at the nanoscale are therefore covered by REACH and its provisions apply. Some researchers, however, argue that REACH needs to be revised in three major areas (read more: "Does the EU's chemical regulation sufficiently address nanotechnology risks?".