₦airaland Forum

Odunayaw:
DICON please give us this

DICON has and can produce bulletproof vest better than these.

Odunayaw:
thanks..please where do the 72MSF fall in

The 72MSF are also elite infantry soldiers (rangers). They are also SF.

iblawi:
The Chief of Air Staff (COAS), Air Marshal Sadiq Abubakar, on Saturday said no individual or group would be allowed to undermine the sovereignty of the country.
Abubakar, who is the Reviewing Officer of the Basic Military Training 35/2016 recruits at the Nigerian Air Force Base in Kaduna, made this assertion during their passing out parade.
“You are coming into the service at a period of our nation of Boko Haram insurgency in the North-East and violent agitations by militants in the South-South,” he said.
“The problems in the South-South include vandalism of gas and oil infrastructure, oil theft, illegal bunkering, sea robbery, piracy and kidnapping.
“The NAF is confident that the revised curriculum of training given you all requires in terms of skill and training, to deal with these threats to the Nigerian internal security”.
The Air Chief reiterated that the present administration of NAF was committed to the enthronement of professionalism.

I so much love the man, his on top of his game.

Stephandeswardt:
The story doesn't add up......with the webbing and weapons

.......hmnnn.....

Odunayaw:
Please guys..run me through the special units/forces or special ops forces of the NA

Nigerian Army Special Operations Command
72nd Special Forces Battalion, Makurdi Benue State.

And

Nigerian army commando's

TROOPS AMBUSH BOKO HARAM TERRORISTS SPY


The patrol team of 157 Task Force Battalion, 7 Brigade, on Monday ambushed and killed a Boko Haram terrorists spy at Barwati village, Kukawa Local Government Area. The insurgent who was on reconnaissance mission to infiltrate the troops’ position, was killed while trying to gain entry into military location.

The team recovered 1 AK-47 rifle, 59 rounds of 7.62mm (Special) ammunition, one 40mm x 46mm BGL2 grenade, 1 bandolier and 3 AK-47 rifle magazines from him.
Troops have intensified vigilance and high level of alertness as they continued with efforts of clearing the remnants of the Boko Haram terrorists in their Area of Responsibility.
You are kindly requested to disseminate this information to the public through your medium.
Thank you for your kind cooperation.

Colonel Sani Kukasheka Usman
Acting Director Army Public Relations

#AFSF AIRBORNE TRAINING

charlos14:
The third picture...oga handling his business

Lol.....

Somalia: SNA Repulse 'Al Shabaab' Ambush in Shalanbod


Reports reaching us from Shalanbod town in lower Shabeele region indicate that suspected Al-shabaab fighters attacked government forces base in the town.

Locals officials told the Radio Shabelle that the militants raided a local SNA base on Sunday, leading to a fierce gun battle that lasted for hours.

They said, the Somali federal government forces however have managed to successfully repulse the attackers who are thought to be Al Shabaab members.

At the same time, the authorities have congratulated the government forces for keeping the Al Shabaab militants at bay during the counter-fire.

There was no immediate report of the casualties from both sides.

Al-shabaab looks re-energized as they have recently intensified attacks on Somali government forces and AMISOM bases in the country.

OFF TOPIC

NAF HOLDS INTER SECONDARY SCHOOL DEBATE AND QUIZ COMPETITION


The Nigerian Air Force (NAF) has held the maiden edition of the Chief of the Air Staff Inter-Secondary School Debate and Quiz Competition. The objective of the competition is to promote quality education and social interaction among the 11 secondary schools in the NAF. The 4-day event witnessed keen competition in current affairs and general science among representatives from the participating schools. At the ends of the competition, Air Force Comprehensive Secondary Schools, Uyo and Ibadan came tops in the quiz category emerging 1st and 2nd positions respectively while Air Force Military School Jos came 3rd position. Air Force Comprehensive School Yola won the 1st position in debate while 2nd and 3rd position went to Air Force Comprehensive School Uyo and Air Force Secondary School, Ikeja respectively.

Meanwhile, the CAS, Air Marshal Sadique Baba Abubakar has urged the students to remain focussed and dedicated to their studies, noting that the NAF would continue to provide the enabling environment to enhance their education. Air Mshl Abubakar was represented by the Chief of Administration, AVM Ajibola Jekennu at the closing ceremony in Uyo as the Guest of Honour.

MORE IMAGES FROM THE COAS VISIT TO TROOPS 103 BATTALION IN THERE TRENCHES IN KODUNGA.

AIR FORCE COMPREHENSIVE SCHOOL ENUGU GETS FACILITY UPGRADE


The Air Force Comprehensive School Agbani, Enugu has benefitted from the ongoing effort by the current leadership of the Nigerian Air Force to enhance the welfare of personnel and their dependants. Facilities in the School were recently upgraded to enhance the living condition and classroom environment of the students. Established in 2002, the school has a current population of 490 students. The steady growth in student population over the years without commensurate expansion and renovation of existing facilities. Recent development effort in the school include the construction of a new clinic to be adopted as model for all NAF Secondary Schools, drainage system within the school premises to address the challenges posed by flood and erosion, and landscaping of the damaged football pitch as well as enhance aesthetics around the School. Other include renovation of the students’ dining hall, 5 blocks of classrooms, 3 blocks of students’ hostels and the School’s administrative block.

Representing the Chief of the Air Staff, Air Marshal Sadique Baba Abubakar at the commissioning ceremony, the Chief of Administration, AVM Ajibola Jekennu reiterated the resolve by the current NAF leadership to enhance the quality of lives of personnel and their families with a view to impacting every facets of NAF operations for effective and efficient service delivery. AVM Jekennu noted that the NAF is not only carrying out a review of the educational curriculum of its schools for optimum performance but also improving on the state of the facilities to promote quality learning

NAF RECRUITS PASSINGOUT



https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LKkC09fOxGQ

#CION IMAGES.....

Dream2:
I have no degree in engineering and medical field,but very verse in Geographical field,yes,i will try to mingle with some of the military officers while in camp,thank you so much sir for this information,i will surely keep you updated on every move.

Sciences, Very good field also.

Odunayaw:
Reading that Alabi-Isama's book I can't just help but agree with my Late grandad(was a Major and Aviator) that the Military gives him a heavy heart
I thought he used to joke when he explained Recruitment process then and How the Army used to be a "career" and not a means to an end

but God knows what went wrong...I have been burned by the "man know man" of d present day military.. as in ehn
tis well

Not only the military went wrong mate. Every sector in nigeria went wrong......

Vikkie14:
just like LAHIT from Beegeagle blog. Maybe, he is the one.

Yeap...... .
.there writing almost looks the same.

Odunayaw:
there are some advanced related courses like that for MSc&PhDs in University of Ibadan


but oboi...this Oga nemesis2u knows his onions

...... ... . ...

nemesis2u:
i have explained here on the things, skills , facilities required to make a tuxedo , now the rest is up to the readers to judge if they possess the same to make a tuxedo .
i hope the tuxedo analogy is clear cut i.e. the capability/infrastructure required for development and design of a military grade UAV indigenously.
i or anybody don't possess the info to judge other countries capabilities so a concerned and informed citizen is the best judge of his or her countries capabilities, strong points and short comings isn't it , read through and find out and make your call or maybe not.....................
just saying dont fall asleep , LOL many will
Dasvidanya guys and ladies, by the way my fingers are numb

disclaimer the info provides a general and generic idea only

Aerodynamics Design

for this you will need expertise in aerodynamic configuration design, performance evaluation, and analysis of a UAV using advanced computer-aided design (CAD) tools; powerful computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tools based on Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations, LES and domain name syste (DNS) techniques; wind tunnel testing with the state-of-the-art data acquisition systems;and flow visualisation using PIV,PSP,and laser techniques.CFD capability includes advanced software like Panel code; Eulercode; RANScode; Nielsoncode for store separation characteristics at transonic speeds; propeller design code based on calculus of variation; airfoil design and analysis code; aircraft database generation code; and design optimisation code.


Aero Structural Design

for this you will need expertise in total aero structure design including configuration design, equipment layout, sizing of components, and conventional and Finite Element(FE) analysis of airframe components.Expertise will have to be developed in the fields of aero-elastic studies, impact studies, power plant configuration, and Slosh analysis. Modules has to be iteratively designed using advanced tools. Structural design and evaluation using composites has to be used extensively. Gimbaled payload assembly (GPA) is a high precision opto mechanical system used for reconnaissance purpose. A much optimised design has to be achieved using latest CAD tools including Pro-engineer and ADAMS. All the electronic packages for the indegenous UAV programme has to be developed in-house carrying out thermal,shock load,and dynamic analyses.Thermal imaging, shock response spectrum test, and environmental test has to be conducted as per MIL standards.


Composite Technologies

for this you have to develop various grades of syntactic foams for specific aerospace applications like microwave transparent foams (as core material in broadband sandwich radome); electrically conductive foams (as core material in electronic enclosures); and carbon nanotube-reinforced nano composite foams,etc.These foams are typically used as the core materials in sandwich configurations designed for different applications and can also be suitably tailored for the same by intelligent choice of chemistry and composition.Use of improved and environmental friendly non-contact molding processes like resin in fusion molding (RIM) and resin transfer molding (RTM) has to be mastered.


Propulsion: Development/integration of a engine will need a much coordinated effort among the designers / suppliers, certification agency, and the users .this requires technology intensive infra and human resource.


Flight Mechanics and Control Engineering

Design and development of the flight control laws is the most important phase of aircraft development as this ensures the stability and controllability of air vehicle over the entire flight envelope. you will need to establish facilities to conduct mathematical modelling of rigid body dynamics (6DoF), flexible body dynamics (9DoF), dynamics of electromechanical actuators and flight and mission sensors, and atmospheric disturbances.Expertise will be needed in the error modelling of actuators, sensors, digital implementation effects, and non-linearities.

The capability to design guidance system based on pursuit and turn pursuit for aircraft, line of sight for bombs, PN and predictive guidance for targets, has to be developed. you will need to develop capability to design and develop the mission control laws also for various unmanned vehicles. This includes the mission sequence to be followed during vertical launch, terminal homing, automatic take-off and landing, automated waypoint navigation in cruise phase and in recovery.A three-tie rmission control structure has been designed with manual mode (layer 1), semi autonomous mode(layer2),and fully autonomous mode (layer 3) that helps ground pilot to control the aircraft according to the situation, along with the provision to execute preprogrammed manoeuvres that facilitate its mission sensor to stay focused on the targets.


Flight Control Software and Hardware

Onboard Flight Control Software for UAVs

another knowledge intensive technology. The flight control, mission, and navigation program is an embedded software performing safety-critical computations for navigation,guidance, and control functions. It receives inputs from various sensors and ground-generated commands and processes these inputs to compute the control output for the actuators in real-time frame. The flight control software for various UAVs in general helps in the following main functions:
1.Automated launch phase.
2.Manual and assisted take-off and landing.
3.Manual flying.
4.Heading hold, altitude hold,speed hold and track hold functions.
5.Air data dead reckoning navigation with GPS and ground tracker updates.
6.Flight during link-loss mode.
7.Capability for in-flight mission plan change.
8.Low-level flight and high G turns.
9.Semi-autonomous flight.
10.Fully autonomous mode with way point navigation.
11.Autonomous programmed flight modes.
12.Circle program.
13.Race course program across and along the leg.
14.Figure-of-eight program across and along the leg.
15.Navigate back home through Get U-Home mode.

for this you will need sophisticated software development facility with tools and infrastructure catering to the entire software development life cycle, like (only for giving an idea)

1.Software requirements generation (DOORS/Analyst).
2.Software design—Rhapsody Ada developer.
3.RTOS–VXWORKS.
4.Coding–Green Hills Ada Multi/GNATProAda.
5.CSU/CSC testing—AdaTest95,C language, simulator/target board.
6.Software configuration tool—Synergy.
7.TARGET-Zilog 8002/MPC 555/MPC7410/7448.
8.HOST platform—PCs, PC servers, and SUN server with thin clients.

Actuators

you will need to design and develop electromechanical actuators for various UAV applications like engine throttle control, and control surface actuators. most basic actuators are rotary type and are inherently simple and reliable and built around brush dc motor, spur gears, and potentiometer as a position sensor. with experience you will be able to develop a compact and sophisticated high-power actuator.

Flight Control Computers

you will have to design, develop, test and qualify highly reliable flight control computers (FCCs) for your unmanned aircraft.
it can be a simple flight control electronics (FCE) based, built with analog electronics.The FCE will carry out the pitch, roll, yaw compensations, throttle control, and recovery-initiation functions.
or it can be Integrated digital flight control processor based, which is a full-authority compact simplex hardware that caters to the computational and various interface requirements with other sub-systems. The integrated package performs flight control and mission navigation functions,telemetry and ranging functions.The package shoud have provision for GPS, Micro-electromechanical system(MEMS) sensors,and other real-world interfaces also, including provisions for fault logging through non-volatile random access memory (NVRAM), built-in-self-test (BIT) and power-on- self-test(POST)features.
or it could be a Flight Control Computer with a full-authority digital FCS with a limited authority hot standby redundant analog backup unit. It will comprise of a digital flight control and mission navigation computer. or it could be a Open System Architecture based duplex flight control computer with advanced redundancy management based on state-of-the-art processors.


Sensor Packages

depending on requirements these have to be reserched and developed, for example it consists of the air data unit which provides the barometric altitude and indicates air speed of UAV. The unit provides electrical outputs linearly proportional to altitude and indicates air speed of the aircraft. These outputs are used in FCS and also tele-metered for indication to the pilot on ground.


Antenna Design and Computational Electro-magnetics

you will have to achieve self-sufficiency in airborne and ground antennae development, aircraft-mounted antenna pattern studies, and radar augmenters development with the antenna location optimisation. you will have to establish the computational electromagnetics facilities, which include method-of-moments (MoM)-based IE3D, finite difference time domain (FDTD)-based fidelity, FEM-based HFSS, and designer software.


Ground Control Station and Associated Equipment

Ground control station (GCS) is used to track, control, and monitor the UAV. It also helps in mission planning and validation, payload information exploitation and system diagnostics. The GCS receives telemetry data and generates the parameters display and trajectory display. The parameter display provides the status of sub-systems and attitude of the aircraft. The trajectory display provides the flight path of the aircraft on a geographical map of the area, where the mission takes place.
again you will have to develop GCS for long endurance operation with full redundancy for all the systems containing features like relay UAV operation capability and intra-operable console configuration. Raster and vector display map with 3-D capability, and structured intelligence database for system fault diagnosis reporting and capability. External pilot technology with safe hand over/take over features, standardisation of system interface for better inter-connectivity between various stations, and integrated voice link with command and telemetry, are the important features.

Radio Frequency Packages

examples of radio frequency (RF) packages that will have to be designed include, Fixed-frequency datalink for UHF command uplink, and P and L band telemetry downlink and FPGA- based PCM encoder to transmit the telemetry information in PCM serial stream. and will consist of
1.The encoder/decoder unit which digitises the commands and digitally modulates the data for transmission. The unit also demodulates the data received from the aircraft and sends the data to the processor for display.
2.The range unit which determines the slant distance of the aircraft from the GCS.
3.The transmitter which transmits the modulated signal from the EDU over UHF.
4.The receiver which receives the radio frequency signal transmitted by the aircraft over L band. The baseband signal is sent to the EDU for demodulation.
5.The tracking system which tracks the UAV during its mission.The tracking system consists of the antenna control unit,drive unit and antenna. It provides the bearing information to the processor system.
6.The target group set is used for evaluating the command links and operation of the GCS sub-systems before the UAV mission. The target group set consists of telecommand sub-systems used in the aircraft.

necessary R & D activities like development of FPGA-based QPSK transmitters,where techniques like turbo-encoding, digital video compression, high efficiency linear power amplification, etc., will have to be done. Circuit-level, modular-level, and sub-systems-level design capability is a must. Such activities involve designing of modules like wideband amplifiers, different types of microwave filters, couplers, combiners, synthesisers, low-noise amplifiers, etc., using high-end design tools like the ADS design software. It also involves design of baseband circuits like FM/AM demodulators, down-converters, up- converters, active filters, etc., and overall sub-systems-level designing of transmitters and receivers.



Flight Data Acquisition and Processing

The flight telemetry data is very important to monitor the health of UAVs.Flight data acquisition and processing system which is a mobile facility for ground telemetry data reception, storage, and processing and display has to be developed.


Payloads and Image Exploitation systems have to be developed and/or integrated.

Ground Image Exploitation System

you will have to develop adaptive image pre-processing algorithms for real-time enhancement of low contrast aerial imagery, mathematical models for computing the ground location of targets and terrain measurements, and a combination of the two for various applications. The ground image exploitation system will be used in the GCS of the UAV to acquire, store, retrieve, process, analyse, interpret, display, and disseminate information from imagery during UAV mission.Registration and mapping for enhanced understanding of images has to be done. The aligned images can be (a)stitched together to provide a panoramic view, (b) compared to detect changes, or (c)blended to generate higher resolution images. Mapping involves finding common coordinates among various data sets such as aerial and satellite images, survey maps, digital elevation model, etc., for providing enhanced intelligence / interpretation.
Feature-based techniques will have to be used for understanding scene and tracking objects. Points with distinct characteristics in images are selected and tracked through the video. Flow of feature vectors provides motion estimation, likely collision with an object, etc. Combined with rule-base, this can help to identify abnormal activities in the target region.


UAV Simulator

A real-time simulator has to be developed to support the design and development phase of a high performance UAV as well as for training the external pilot during take-off and landing. During the design phase of the UAV, the simulator is used for verifying the claw for take- off/landing and cruise. In effect, the handling quality of the air vehicle can be evaluated itinerantly.The dynamics for ground handling, undercarriage and nose wheel steering are simulated and integrated with claw. In the external pilot training mode, the pilot can be trained for carrying out precise take-off and landing under all weather conditions including crosswinds.


Development of Hardware in Loop Simulation for Flight Control Systems of UAV

again you will have to develop a distributed architecture-based hardware in the loop simulation (HILS) test facility meant for the complete testing of the FCS before being integrated on to the UAV. It is generally built using high-end industrial PCs with RT Linux as the operating system. The development telemetry link of the FCC can be monitored in the HILS during various tests. This is done in order to verify that the OFP is executing properly as well as to verify the contents of the telemetry data that will be transmitted to the ground during the development trials of the FCC.
HILS hosts the real-time software comprising 6DoF aircraft models, software models of various LRUs, an integrated test environment system software, databases, etc. The architecture supports multi-rate iteration as well as multi-node execution of the various real-time simulation models with inter-node communication.It also supports over ordinary Ethernet lines instead of shared memory cards in real-time. HILS allow connection of real or simulated LRUs, analog and digital data acquisition, monitoring and simulating of all the I/Os as well as the serial data channels of the FCCs and downloading / uploading / verifying of the operational flight program of the FCC. A graphics display system provides critical information in near real-time with a front-end host computer for controlling the entire operation of the HILS test facility. HILS is used extensively for all end-to-end tests of the FCS hardware and software. HILS also includes a control station which comprises various input and output devices like different types of switches, indicators, joysticks, etc.This enables the pilot of the UAV to exercise the RFCC hardware and software in closed-loop tests.The control station also has near real-time display station with user-friendly GUIs and touch panels for effective interaction by the pilot with the system.


Quality Control

Quality control (QC) plays a major role in success of any product and therefor needs to developed on priority . All UAV systems go through tough quality checks before going for integration. Inspection at different stages ensures quality in every phase of development.All raw materials used for various projects are evaluated for quality by non-destructive testing (NDT), dimensional details and sub- assembly. QC of vendor fabricated metallic and non-metallic components and processes are checked at the vendor premises itself. Bare and populated printed circuit board (PCB) checks, LRU level checks,and cable loom clearance,are carried out before clearance for integration. Reliability analysis activities like hardware reliability, reliability apportionment, reliability prediction, reliability estimation, failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) or failure modes effects and critical analysis (FMECA), and fault tree analysis(FTA)are carried out.

Integration

Mechanical assemblies have to be evaluated for quality at different stages of mechanical integration and various checks are carried out on airframe before clearance for integration. Avionics system integration is a mandatory and vital phase of an aircraft development lifecycle, since it brings out the important issues relating to the interfacing of LRUs developed by the various workcentres. This process ensures safe and reliable accomplishment of the mission in the most efficient way.
Avionics system integration, being a multidisciplinary task, calls for the contributions from the highly skilled engineers and scientists, who have knowledge and understanding of the system. Flight line tester (FLT) is the first step towards attaining automation in testing of UAVs. Avionics preparation vehicle (APV) is the station to give clearance to launch the UAV and to function as a remote video terminal (RVT) in totality.


Flight Testing

Evaluating an air vehicle for its performance is the most important stage in its development. Test ranges equipped with latest equipment like radars, EO thermal scanning, CCTV, and high-speed cameras have to be developed for tracking and evaluation of UAVs.


https://cdn.av.s3.amazonaws.com/static/2013/07/18131148/domestic-drone-cartoon.jpg

First of all ,i feel like designing/produce my own prototype drone....

From ur lengthy explanation, the drone is a complex system and I know u might av ommited some steps also. Tnks a lot for sharing these and tell u studied something close to robotics & unmanned aerial system programmes.

I don't know if our universities offers such courses in nigeria

God job proff

Vikkie14:
yeah, Machine vs Man kinda movie.

Yeap very interesting movie..

A LEADER BY EXAMPLE.....

COAS Lt Gen TY Buratai breaks his fasting with troops of the 103 Battalion at there trenches.... live in konduga....!

Dream2:
Advice noted sir,unfortunately am still a prospective corp member,hopefull will be mobilize by oct/nov for batch B,by then i plan to apply during my service then,but sir in as much i equally want your motivational words,never forget that am a big fan of yours.

....mmm

If you are from an engineering or medical science line will be an advantage.

And try and make friends with military officers you know and on NYSC camp, who knows........naa naija we dey. just saying

TROOPS AVERTS SUICIDE BOMBING IN MONGUNO


Today at about 6.15am, 3 female Boko Haram terrorists suicide bombers attempted to attack innocent Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) fetching water at a borehole located about 3 kilometres, outskirt of Monguno town along Marte road.
Our vigilant troops detected and gunned them down, killing both instantly.

Unfortunately, the explosive they were strapped with exploded and injured 2 civilians nearby. The injured persons have been evacuated and are receiving medical attention at the 8 Task Force Division’s medical facility.

However, the third suicide bomber that followed a different route, detonated some distance before troops deployment along the same road at about 7.10am.

Troops have cordoned off the general area and imposed restriction of movement into Monguno while they the general area and make it safe.

You are kindly requested to disseminate this information to the public through your medium.

Thank you for your kind cooperation.

Colonel Sani Kukasheka Usman
Acting Director Army Public Relations

nemesis2u:
@bidexiii

off topic

i see lot of bikes , in your pictures of dead BH

what r their names?
and from which company?
local or imported?

thanks

regarding the uav discussion u all had before i have my own take, will post if u give permission.

You mean pictures of dead BHT and there captured bykes....?

Those bykes are all imported from china,japan...etc. They are burnt immediately to cut off BHT movement/activities/logistics. Did I answered ur question....

On the UAV, PLEASE feel free to enlighten us Proff, since it's military tech!

Dream2:
Yes,thank you so much,it was indeed a difficult call,it's nice learning from you and oga henry,will check the suggested movie online,thanks so much sir.
Do you still remember the moniker"Dreamcome2ru"the guy that pm you on the navy stuff citing NYSC delay?if yes,that's who i am.

Yeap I remember u now, so with of the forms did u take; "DSS" or "SSC"....? or r u still serving.

And if am u, I will take both army,airforce and navy forms.. that's what I did when I graduated, just giving u an advice?

#HILUX WARFARE.

nemesis2u:
https://www.arsenal-bg.com/images/defense_police/9x18smg.jpg

it is SHIPKA SMG

from ARSENAL CORP. BULGARIA

fires 9x18mm or 9x19mm rounds depending on model.

i believe the bodyguard has the 9x18mm firing model

lots of equipment's being sourced from Bulgaria

Well done job!

M14A1:
Corruption is enshrined in Nigeria's constitution. The earlier we stop under the table dealings under the pretense of guarding national secret the better.

.......

#NAF RANDOM PICTURES

Dream2:
@bidexiii,sir,there is this question i want to ask you,it's kind of an off-topic though it's military related,in the movie "Hyena Road"the kind of weapon that was used to wipe out the taliban,the soldier that goes agains the order(forgot his name) and the ghost,what kind of weapon is that?

If I get you right, you are talking towards the ending of the movie where those Canadian soldier where surrounded by taliban and they where taped in a house, if that was the part you where talking about. ?

Then that was a an artillery(high explosive H.E round) dropped/fired on there coordinate/location that wiped out both the taliban and the soldiers themselves....a tragic moment.
There his these 2013 WWII movie that has such tragic end ; (STALINGRAD) where a group of Russian soldiers where trapped. Shine German lines and they where surrounded by group of german panzer, they av to make such deadly calls by dropping artellery shells on there coordinates. You guys should watch the movie also very interesting. .......

Those are kind of difficult calls soldiers make on the battle field, hope I av answered ur question.

Litmus:
Is that the emir of Kano seated in the middle of the soldiers in the last photo? If so, is this some Nigerian military tradition? If yes or even no, it looks good nonetheless.

....Knowing the nature of Nigerians, recently, perhaps next time other traditional leaders should participate... that is, if this is a tradition and other important traditional leaders have not been invited in the past...


https://s2.quickmeme.com/img/09/09af900313d7b1f0374ccc9dc40a67d9f4a93c10189cc357b7298c264bb26635.jpg

The Governor is there and likewise a traditional ruler. And don't forget you only see those kind of people on graduation ceremony etc....

MORE.....