..colossal? What's colossal about black holes sef?
BLACK holes have recently seized the public's imagination. Books and documentaries (but fictional and otherwise) have been devoted to exploring this strange prediction of Einstein's equations,as is evident here on nairaland too, a lot of topics have been seen which attempts to decipher this......I don't know,just fill it your self , the final stage in the death of a collapsed star. Ironically, the public remains largely unaware of perhaps the most peculiar feature of black holes, that they may be gateways to an alternative universe..yes gateways ...be patient will get there in time

Well that is that about that...in summary I just want to contribute my own nonsense about black holes...

Enjoy the movie

To understand black holes, we must first understand what makes the stars shine, how they grow, and how they eventually die

So let's explore the charming stars

A star is born when a massive cloud of hydrogen gas many times the size of our solar system is slowly compressed by the force of gravity. The gravitational force compressing the gas gradually heats up the gas, as gravitational energy is converted into the kinetic energy of the hydrogen atoms. Normally, the repulsive charge of the protons within the hydrogen gas is sufficient to keep them apart. But at a certain point, when the temperature rises to 10 to 100 million°K, the kinetic
energy of the protons (which are hydrogen nuclei) overcomes their electrostatic repulsion, and they slam into one another. The nuclear force then takes over from the electromagnetic force, and the two hydrogen nuclei "fuse" into helium, releasing vast quantities of energy

In summary- a star star is a nuclear furnace, burning hydrogen fuel and creating nuclear "ash" in the form of waste helium. A star is also a delicate balancing act between the force of gravity, which tends to crush the star into oblivion, and the nuclear force, which tends to blow the star apart with the force of trillions of hydrogen bombs. A star then matures and ages as it exhausts its nuclear fuel

Our sun is an ordinary yellow star, consisting mainly of hydrogen. Like the original Big Bang, it fuses hydrogen and forms helium. However, because the protons in hydrogen weigh more than the protons in helium, there is an excess of mass, which is converted into energy via Einstein's E = mc^2 formula. [b]This energy is what binds the nuclei together. This is also the energy released when hydrogen is fused into helium. This is why the sun shines

However, as the hydrogen is slowly used up over several billion years, a yellow star eventually builds up too much waste helium, and its nuclear furnace shuts off. When that happens, gravity eventually takes over and crushes the star. As temperatures soar, the star soon becomes hot enough to burn waste helium and convert it into the other elements, like lithium and carbon.. In other words, it is still possible to burn waste helium (in the same way that ordinary ash can still be burned under certain conditions). Although the star has decreased enormously in size, its temperature is quite high, and its atmosphere expands greatly in size. In fact, when our own sun exhausts its hydrogen supply and starts to burn helium, its atmosphere may extend out to the orbit of Mars. This is what is called a red giant

See picture 1 and 2 for the beautiful red gaint

Wow...after the red gaint what's next ??

Finally, when the helium is used up, the nuclear furnace again shuts down, and gravity takes over to crush the star. The red giant shrinks to become a white dwarf a miniature star with the mass of an entire star squeezed down to about the size of the planet earth.

Imagine what a white dwarf will look like

See picture 3 and 4. For what they look like

Let take a short break..the movie continues shortly

It's an infinite point where even the extraordinary laws of physics breaksdown

phensbassey:
op you topics are always interesting

thanks friend

Lol ...He has fine eyes I must confess

S

sunkieisland:
When semi unclad celebrities and snakes are the threads that make fp always,...........





Nigeria cannot join and make noticeable impact in the science community.


Nice one OP. Very enlightening


hope it makes FP

thanks man

geez18:
nice,very nice! OP,hope i'm correct to assume you're a physicist? you did a very good job.i look forward to reading other articles from your stable.

yeah broh..you're correct I'm a physicist.

Thanks....just dropped another one today...#basic concepts of quantum physics#...I hope you enjoy it too

3-can never know simultaneously the velocity and position of a subatomic particle ....yes you know it..the hiennekien uncertainty priniciple

And is by far the most controversial aspect of the theory, but one that has resisted every challenge in the laboratory for half a century. There is no known experimental deviation to this rule.

The Uncertainty Principle means that we can never be sure where an electron is or what its velocity is. The best we can do is to calculate the probability that the electron will appear at a certain place with a certain velocity. The situation is not as hopeless as one might suspect, because we can calculate with mathematical rigor the probability of finding that electron. Although the electron is a point particle, it is accompanied by a wave that obeys a well-defined equation, the Schrodinger wave equation. Roughly speaking, the larger the wave, the greater the probability of finding the electron at that point.

Thus quantum theory merges concepts of both particle and wave into a nice dialectic: The fundamental physical objects of nature are particles, but the probability of finding a particle at any given place in space and time is given by a probability wave. This wave, in turn, obeys a well defined mathematical equation given by Schrodinger

This formulation, of course, had unsettling philosophical implications. The Newtonian vision held that the universe was a gigantic clock, wound at the beginning of time and ticking ever since because it obeyed Newton's three laws of motion; this picture of the universe was now replaced by uncertainty and chance. Quantum theory demolished, once and for all, the Newtonian dream of mathematically predicting the motion of all the particles in the universe

Lemme stop here...want to make it brief

Lastly and the part I love most----**There is a finite probability that particles may "tunnel" through or make a quantum leap through impenetrable barriers----quantum tunnelling ...

This is one of more stunning predictions of quantum theory. On the atomic level, this prediction has had nothing less than spectacular success. "Tunneling," or quantum leaps through barriers, has survived every experimental challenge. In fact, a world without tunneling is now unimaginable
But what is it trying to say?

To clarify this concept better,let introduce an experiment.

One simple experiment that demonstrates the correctness of quantum tunneling starts by placing an electron in a box. Normally, the electron does not have enough energy to penetrate the walls of the box.if classical physics is correct, then the electron would never leave the box. However, according to quantum theory, the electron's probability wave will spread through the box and seep into the outside world. The seepage through the wall can be calculated precisely with the Schrodinger wave equation; that is, there is a small probability that the electron's position is somewhere outside the box. Another way of saying this is that there is a finite but small probability that the electron will tunnel its way through the barrier (the wall of the box) and emerge from the box. In the laboratory, when one measures the rate at which electrons tunnel through these barriers, the numbers agree precisely with the quantum theory.

-ok now we know, so of what use is it?

quantum tunneling is the secret behind the tunnel diode, which is a purely quantum-mechanical device. Normally, electricity might not have enough energy to penetrate past the tunnel diode. However, the wave function of these electrons can penetrate through barriers in the diode, so there is a non-negligible probability that electricity will emerge on the other side of the barrier by tunneling through it. When you listen to the beautiful sounds of stereo music, remember that you are listening to the rhythms of trillions of electrons obeying this and other bizarre laws of quantum mechanics

Finally if quantum mechanics were incorrect, then all of electronics, including television sets, computers, radios, stereo, and so on, would cease to function. (In fact, if quantum theory were incorrect, the atoms in our bodies would collapse, and we would instantly disintegrate. According to Maxwell's equations, the electrons spinning in an atom should lose their energy within a microsecond and plunge into the nucleus. This sudden collapse is prevented by quantum theory. Thus the fact that we exist is living proof of the correctness of quantum mechanics.)

Thanks for you time

More topics to follow...stay tuned

Although this branch of physics is a vast ocean,will want to contribute a drop into it hoping it will enlighten readers and lovers of physics

Want to be brief as possible so lemme start
quick intro
In the early twentieth century sometimes around 1925 a new theory burst into existence. With dizzying, almost meteoric speed, this theory overthrew long-cherished notions about matter that had been held since the time of the Greeks. Almost effortlessly, it vanquished scores of long-standing fundamental problems that had stumped physicists for centuries. What is matter made of? What holds it together? Why does it come in an infinite variety of forms, such as gases, metals, rocks, liquids,
crystals, ceramics, glasses, lightning bolts, stars, and so on?

The new theory was christened quantum mechanics, and gave us the first comprehensive formulation with which to pry open the secrets of the atom. The subatomic world, once a forbidden realm for physicists, now began to spill its secrets into the open.

To understand the speed with which this revolution demolished its rivals, we note that in the early 1920s some scientists still held serious reservations about the existence of "atoms." What couldn't be seen or measured directly in the laboratory, they scoffed, didn't exist. But by 1925 and 1926, Erwin Schrodinger, Werner Heisenberg, and max born had been developed an almost complete mathematical description of the hydrogen atom. With devastating precision, they could now explain nearly all the properties of the hydrogen atom from pure mathematics. By 1930, quantum physicists such as Paul A. M. Dirac were declaring that all of chemistry could be derived from first principles. They even made the brash claim that, given enough time on a calculating machine, they could predict all the chemical properties of matter found in the universe. To them, chemistry would no longer be a fundamental science. From now on, it would be "applied physics"

Fairly rapidly, quantum theory began to give us a comprehensive framework in which to describe the visible universe: The material universe consists of atoms and its constituents. There are about 100 different types of atoms, or elements, out of which we can build all the known forms of matter found on earth and even in outer space. Atoms, in turn, consist of electrons orbiting around nuclei, which in turn are composed of neutrons and protons. In essence, the key differences concepts of quantum theory can now be summarized as follows------**

Oops before that let's give a formal definition of quantum physics

what us quantum physics?
Simply put it is the description of the behaviour of matter and light on an atomic scale(smale scale)---hence the difference between quantum physics and Einstein's relativity

now the key concepts of quantum physicd
1-Forces are created by the exchange of discrete packets of energy, called quanta--meaning ?

In quantum theory light was to be chopped up into tiny pieces. These packets of light were named photons, and they behave very much like point particles. When two electrons bump into each other, they repel each other not because of the curvature of space, but because they exchange a packet of energy, the photon.
The energy of these photon measured in units of something called Planck's constant (6.626 x10*34js)
The almost infinitesimal size of Planck's constant means that quantum theory gives tiny corrections to Newton's laws. These are called quantum corrections, and can be neglected when describing our familiar, macroscopic world. That is why we can, for the most part, forget about quantum theory when describing everyday phenomena. However, when dealing with the microscopic sub-atomic world
these quantum corrections begin to dominate any physical process, accounting for the bizarre, counterintuitive properties of subatomic particles

2Different forces are caused by the exchange of different quanta.

Lemme explain--we have the weak the strong the electromagnetic and gravitation force,and the 2nd theory is trying to explain how this forces are caused. Now this is how they are caused

- weak force, is caused by the exchange of a different type of quantum, called a W particle (W stands for "weak" the strong force holding the protons and neutrons together within the nucleus of the atom is caused by the exchange of subatomic particles called pi mesons

Both W bosons and pi mesons have been seen experimentally in the debris of atom smashers, thereby verifying the fundamental correctness of this approach. And finally, the subnuclear force holding the protons and neutrons and even the pi mesons together are called gluons

In this way, we have a new "unifying principle" for the laws of physics. We can unite the laws of electromagnetism, the weak force, and the strong force by postulating a variety of different quanta that mediate them. Three of the four forces (excluding gravity) are therefore united by quantum theory

OK let's take a short break,,hunger is knocking
3rd and 4th theory on their way..

phensbassey:
very beautiful o thanks

thanks bruh..more interesting topics to come soon

In continuation

Einstein special theory of relativity alone would have guaranteed him a place among the giants of physics. But Einstein wasn't satisfied

His key insight was to use the fourth dimension to unite the laws of nature by introducing two new concepts: space-time and matterenergy. Although he had unlocked some of the deepest secrets of nature, he realized there were several gaping holes in his theory. What was the relationship between these two new concepts? More specifically, what about accelerations, which are ignored in special relativity? And what about gravitation

His friend Max Planck, the founder of the quantum theory, advised the young Einstein that the problem of gravitation was too difficult. Planck told him that he was too ambitious: "As an older friend I must advise you against it for in the first place you will not succeed; and even if you succeed, no one will believe you."5 Einstein, however, plunged ahead to unravel the mystery of gravitation. Once again, the key to his momentous discovery was to ask questions that only children ask.

When children ride in an elevator, they sometimes nervously ask, "What happens if the rope breaks?" The answer is that you become weightless and float inside the elevator, as though in outer space, because both you and the elevator are falling at the same rate.even though both you and the elevator are accelerating in the earth's gravitational field, the acceleration is the same for both, and hence it appears that you are weightless in the elevator (at least until you reach the bottom of the shaft).
General theory of relativity
1907, Einstein realized that a person floating in the elevator might think that someone had mysteriously turned off gravity. Einstein once recalled, "I was sitting in a chair in the patent office at Bern when all of a sudden a thought occurred to me: 'If a person falls freely he will not feel his own weight.' I was startled. This simple thought made a deep impression on me. It impelled me toward a theory of gravitation." Einstein would call it "the happiest thought of my life

Reversing the situation, he knew that someone in an accelerating rocket will feel a force pushing him into his seat, as though there were a gravitational pull on him. (In fact, the force of acceleration felt by our astronauts is routinely measured in g's—that is, multiples of the force of the earth's gravitation.) The conclusion he reached was that someone accelerating in a speeding rocket may think that these forces were caused by gravity.

With this children's question, Einstein grasped the fundamental nature of gravitation: The laws of nature in an accelerating frame are equivalent to the laws in a gravitational field . This simple statement, called the equivalence principle, may not mean much to the average person, but once again, in the hands of Einstein, it became the foundation of a theory of the cosmos

This equivalence principle also gives simple answers to complex physics questions. For example, if we are holding a helium balloon while riding in a car, and the car suddenly swerves to the left, our bodies will be jolted to the right, but which way will the balloon move? Common sense tells us that the balloon, like our bodies, will move to the right. However, the correct resolution of this subtle question has stumped even experienced physicists. The answer is to use the equivalence principle. Imagine a gravitational field pulling on the car from the right. Gravity will make us lurch us to the right, so the helium balloon, which is lighter than air and always floats "up," opposite the pull of gravity, must float to the left, into the direction of the swerve, defying common sense

Einstein exploited the equivalence principle to solve the long-standing problem of whether a light beam is affected by gravity. Ordinarily, this is a highly nontrivial question. Through the equivalence principle, however, the answer becomes obvious. If we shine a flashlight inside an accelerating rocket, the light beam will bend downward toward the floor (because the rocket has accelerated beneath the light beam during the time it takes for the light beam to move across the room). Therefore, argued Einstein, a gravitational field will also bend the path of light

Einstein knew that a fundamental principle of physics is that a light beam will take the path requiring the least amount of time between two points. (This is called Fermat's least-time principle.) Ordinarily, the path with the smallest time between two points is a straight line, so light beams are straight. (Even when light bends upon entering glass, it still obeys the least-time principle. This is because light slows down in glass, and the path with the least time through a combination of air and glass is now a bent line. This is called refraction, which is the principle behind microscopes and telescopes)

However, if light takes the path with the least time between two points, and light beams bend under the influence of gravity, then the shortest distance between two points is a curved line. Einstein was shocked by this conclusion: If light could be observed traveling in a curved line, it would mean that space itself is curved

to further simplify- Imagine a rock placed on a stretched bedsheet. Obviously the rock will sink into the sheet, creating a smooth depression. A small marble shot onto the bedsheet will then follow a circular or an elliptical path around the rock. Someone looking from a distance at the marble orbiting around the rock may say that there is an "instantaneous force" emanating from the rock that alters the path of the marble. However, on close inspection it is easy to see what is really happening: The rock has warped the bedsheet, and hence the path of the marble

By this analogy, if the planets orbit around the sun, it is because they are moving in space that has been curved by the presence of the sun. Thus the reason we are standing on the earth, rather than being hurled into the vacuum of outer space, is that the earth is constantly warping the space around us

Since warping of the bedsheet was determined by the presence of the rock. Einstein summarized this analogy by stating: The presence of matter-energy determines the curvature of the space-time surround
This, in turn, can be summarized by Einstein's famous equation, which essentially states: Matter-energy —» curvature of space-time(where the arrow means determines)

This deceptively short equation is one of the greatest triumphs of the human mind. From it emerge the principles behind the motions of stars and galaxies, black holes, the Big Bang, and perhaps the fate of the universe itself and with the help of riemann matric tensor Einstein was able to express his views mathematilly

Below are some images to illustrate this space warp

geez18:
nice one OP, i'm looking forward to the continuation/conclusion of your article.

thanks bro...working on the continuation..will inform you when it's ready

Many of us especially those who major in physics must have come in contact with this theories,what amaze me is as elegant as it, many know little about it.so Ill like to throw more light as little and insufficient as it may be on the deceptively simple but equally very powerful theories,

I will like to start by looking at the figure behind this profound theories and how he journeyed towards this breathtaking theories

Albert Einstein and his journey towards relativity
Many of us who are grown ups may have encountered scenarios whereby others made fun of us for asking childish questions or we making fun of others to this effect. But Einstein was a man who could ask immensely simple questions. As a child, Einstein asked himself the simple question: What would a light beam look like if you could catch up with one? Would you see a stationary wave, frozen in time? This question set him on a 50year journey through the mysteries of space and time

Imagine trying to overtake a train in a speeding car. If we hit the gas pedal, our car races neck-and-neck with the train. We can peer inside the train, which now appears to be at rest. We can see the seats and the people, who are acting as though the train weren't moving. Similarly, Einstein as a child imagined travelling alongside a light beam. He thought that the light beam should resemble a series of stationary waves, frozen in time; that is, the light beam should appear motionless

When Einstein was 16 years old, he spotted the flaw in this argument and letter on he showed that a light beam travels at the same velocity c, no matter how hard you try to catch up with it.

this seemed absurd . This meant that we could never overtake the train (light beam). Worse, no matter how fast we drove our car, the train would always seem to be traveling ahead of us at the same velocity

special relativity

In 1905, with plenty of time on his hands at the patent office, Einstein carefully analyzed the field equations of Maxwell and was led to postulate the principle of special relativity: The speed of light is the same in all constantly moving frames. This innocent-sounding principle is one of the greatest achievements of the human spirit. Some have said that it ranks with Newton's law of gravitation as one of the greatest scientific creations of the human mind in the 2 million years our species has been evolving on this planet. From it, we can logically unlock the secret of the vast energies released by the stars and galaxies

To see how this simple statement can lead to such profound conclusions, let us return to the analogy of the car trying to overtake the train. Let us say that a pedestrian on the sidewalk clocks our car traveling at 99 miles per hour, and the train traveling at 100 miles per hour. Naturally, from our point of view in the car, we see the train moving ahead of us at 1 mile per hour. This is because velocities can be added and subtracted, just like ordinary numbers

Now let us replace the train by a light beam, but keep the velocity of light at just 100 miles per hour. The pedestrian still clocks our car traveling at 99 miles per hour in hot pursuit of the light beam traveling at 100 miles per hour. According to the pedestrian, we should be closing in on the light beam. However, according to relativity, we in the car actually see the light beam not traveling ahead of us at 1 mile per hour, as expected, but speeding ahead of us at 100 miles per hour. Remarkably, we see the light beam racing ahead of us as though we were at rest. Not believing our own eyes, we slam on the gas pedal until the pedestrianclocks our car racing ahead at 99.99999 miles per hour. Surely, we think, we must be about to overtake the light beam. However, when we look out the window, we see the light beam still speeding ahead of us at 100 miles per hour

Uneasily, we reach several bizarre, disturbing conclusions.
First, no matter how much we gun the engines of our car, the pedestrian tells us that we can approach but never exceed 100 miles per hour. This seems to be the top velocity of the car.
Second, no matter how close we come to 100 miles per hour, we still see the light beam speeding ahead of us at 100 miles per hour, as though we weren't moving at all

This raise the fundamental question- How can both people in the speeding car and the stationary person measure the velocity of the light beam to be the same? Ordinarily, this is impossible. It appears to be nature's colossal joke

The only possible way outta this paradox Einstein noted is that--time slows down for us in the car. If the pedestrian takes a telescope and peers into our car, he sees everyone in the car moving exceptionally slowly. However, we in the car never notice that time is slowing down because our brains, too, have slowed down, and everything seems normal to us. Furthermore, he sees that the car has become flattened in the direction of motion. The car has shrunk like an accordion

This also raise another question-if the car has shrinks like an accordion why don't we feel the effect?

Einstein was also ready- he noted that we never feel this effect because our bodies too have shrunk

Then Einstein went further to express himself with amazingly simple mathematics- This one equation, in turn, governs the properties of dynamos, radar, radio, television, lasers, household appliances, and the cornucopia of consumer electronics that appear in everyone's living room
More important, Einstein found that the mass of the car also increases as it speeds up. But where did this excess mass come from? Einstein concluded that it came from the energy

This had disturbing consequences. Two of the great discoveries of nineteenth-century physics were the conservation of mass and the conservation of energy; that is, the total mass and total energy of a closed system, taken separately, do not change. For example, if the speeding car hits the brick wall, the energy of the car does not vanish, but is converted into the sound energy of the crash, the kinetic energy of the flying brick fragments, heat energy, and so on. The total energy (and total mass) before and after the crash is the same

Einstein said that the energy of the car could be converted into mass—a new conservation principle that said that the sum total of the mass added to energy must always remain the same. Matter does not suddenly disappear, nor does energy spring out of nothing

When Einstein was 26 years old, he calculated precisely how energy must change if the relativity principle was correct, and he discovered the relation E = mc2. Since the speed of light squared (c2) is an astronomically large number, a small amount of matter can release a vast amount of energy. Locked within the smallest particles of matter is a storehouse of energy, more than 1 million times the energy released in a chemical explosion. Matter, in some sense, can be seen as an almost inexhaustible storehouse of energy; that is, matter is condensed energy.The direct impact of Einstein's work on the fourth dimension was, of course, the hydrogen bomb, which has proved to be the most powerful creation of twentieth-century science

# to be continued #

shadeyinka:


That's exactly my point. The laws of Physics seems not to have existed from eternity past. The laws of Physics seems to begin at a point we can for want of better words time t=0.

If the laws of physics have an origin, it suggests that some non physical forces initiated them. As a Theist,bI attribute it to God

Okey bruh..you can be correct it is better to say the our universe with all it grandeur is the handiwork of knowledge and consciousness...one can't expect a child to draw the monalisa by randomly moving his pen on the paper

shadeyinka:




...And that is why Atheists cannot use science as a prove and evidence that there is no God.

exactly my point bruh

shadeyinka:


Hello!!
It is a question that will baffle both Theists and Atheists for eternity! How did consciousness appeared from nowhere.

All we know is that the laws of the spirit are different from that which operates here in the physical rhelm.

LOL .
When we die, we might have a chance to ask God...who is your mummyLOL
[i][/i]

lol ...you see why science just can't do the trick when it comes to the topic of God?

shadeyinka:


You just spoke some Greek. Can you pls rephrase?

simply put...your bet doesn't hold we it comes to science.

shadeyinka:


I appreciate your objectivity.
Time is always measured from a point of view of a reference. The choice of reference however is for our convenience as change in time is more useful to physicists than absolute time.

So, there may not really exist an absolute time zero! By implication, time t=0 can not be at the point of the B-Bang but can be extended well before that. I just want to imagine the physics laws before the Bang.

On the second issue, you are correct. Physicists have NOT been able to account for the violations. As a Theist, I assert that the Atheist claim of being sure that other non classical or quantum do not exist may not be correct.

Theists will call the unaccounted force as Spiritual.
Atheists are still looking for answers relating to classical or quantum physics.

I appreciate your objective look

thanks bro..well which ever time you want to chose...but the laws of physics before the big bang?...is there any thing like that? Not yet I guess...for as far as I know the laws of physics breaks down at the singularity

Mind throwing more light??

Also @op I want to use your 1st law of motion against you...if nothing can come into existence by is self,how did God come into existence?..just curious??

shadeyinka:


Sorry Bro if it looks like that. I am listening to you, I guess we look at the same things through different portals.

I just want to show that if the Science we believe in so much has GAPS and uncertainties, should we gamble with our eternity based on it?
If I die today and discover that there is no God and no Eternity, what would i have lost?
On the other hand, if You die in your good old ripe Age and discover that God exists, hell exists and life still exists, what would you gain?

Jesus Saves

the pascal's sucker bet,also attributed to rene descartes and the Muslim Ali is a brilliant question to ask but it isn't scientific is it?

shadeyinka:
Newton's first law of motion - sometimes referred to as the law of inertia states that:


This brings the question: At time t=0 (before the big bang), was space constituent static? Expanding universe actually show that at a time, the universe must essentially be a "point object".

If that is true, how come an "expansion of the universe" was initiated without an "external " cause?

Sorry, my understanding of Basic Physics is limited.

It takes a greater Faith being an Atheist!

1st scientifically speaking or from the physics point of view there was no time before the big bang..time started from the big bang...and because of the plank's wall physicist don't know what is or what was before the big bang,and as you know physics goes hand in hand with prove,the physicist cannot adopt the notion of I don't know there for it is God....2nd is you are correct the first law was violated by the big bang there could be a force that sets the ball rolling but physicist havent discovered that force and for the note a lot of laws in classical physics have been displaced and disproved when we dabble into quantum physics...for instance it is now known that gravity isn't just a force of attraction and many more...well I too don't know much about physic

And mind you I'm no athiest just try to be objective