₦airaland Forum

Christian moral principle remains noted in controlling collapsing morality in human societies, which have been a serious concern and a great problem in the modern era. The rate at which juveniles indulge in criminal acts or deviate from societal norms and values is really demoralizing. Juvenile delinquency is a complex problem which is not easy to understand and to explain; reason being that it shares a relationship with many other social institutions including law- enforcement, juvenile and adult laws-court, the media, families and schools (Brow n 1998).

Chambers (1996) “delinquency refers to criminal acts performed by juveniles, particularly offenses attracting death sentence such as robbery, rape, drug abuse, fighting etc. Jones (2008) defines “juvenile delinquency as an antisocial or criminal act performed by an individual under the age of 18”. Jones Ojiakor and Unachukwu assert that “these categories of offenders are children who have reached the age of criminal responsibility”. The outcome of the action may be the same weight with that committed by an adult but pardoned due to their age. It has been proven that juvenile schemed and participated in organized crime such as arm robbery, assassination, looting and other immoral acts. These assertions properly describe the phenomenon prevalent in the area understudy, hence the motivation for the research to investigate remote causes and effects of juvenile delinquency in Gwagwalada Area Council and suggests strategies to curb this social menace. These strategies will be able to curtail the trend and also discourage many youth from indulging in this illicit activities. Tappan (1972:12) “Juvenile delinquency is that behavior on the part of children which may, under the law, subject those children to juvenile court” That “the nature and beginning of juvenile delinquency come up from different abnormal behavior such as stealing, drunkenness, burglary, robbery, rape, homicide, idleness, truancy, prostitution, disobedience, running away from home, the kleptomanias and sexual promiscuity”. Furthermore, it is but a fact that a juvenile offender, who after serving a good number of prison sentence years still continues in deviance, lumped together with adult prisoners. Sanusi (2015) of LAWCEP; (i.e. Project Director of Lawyers continued Education maintained that Project) said “in our society, where the process of trial is delayed unduly, the young offender spends more time with hardened criminals than elsewhere.




http://www.bravoprojecthelp.com/philosophy/causes-and-metaphysical-solution-to-juvenile-delinquency/

It is affect that organizations are set up for the purpose of achieving their desired objectives. These desired goals and objectives cannot be achieved without individuals working together in groups towards accomplishment of those common goals. It is perceived that employee benefits have a greater impact on job performance, job satisfaction and productivity. They conceived the nationwide poor infrastructures decaying enabling environment and meager minimum financial benefit of the workers are factors for low productivity among civil servants. The Sokoto State civil service is not in isolation and forms the central point of this research.

The aim of this study is to look into how the motivational factor lures the employee to achieve a high productivity in organization. Hence, the impact of motivation of staff overall performance in the civil service, a case study Sokoto State civil service and to establish to what extent such motivational factors as financial and other incentives will lead to increased productivity/performance in an organization.

Research Questions

What are the impact motivations have on the civil servants of Sokoto State?
Is there any form of detriments/hindrances that stands on the progress of the civil servants?
Is the working environment conducive for the optimum performance of the civil servants?
What better ways can the civil servants give out their best?





http://www.bravoprojecthelp.com/sociology/impact-of-motivation-on-staff-overall-performance-in-the-civil-service-a-case-study-of-sokoto-state-civil-service/

This research is centred on the reward and punishment on the academic performance of primary school pupils in Makurdi Benue State. The main problem of this research is financial constraint. The research would have cover all Local Government Areas in Benue State but because of inadequate capital, the research is restricted to Makurdi Benue State. Descriptive research design method was used in carrying out the research. In sampling the area simple random sampling was applied where each school sampled have equal chance of been selected. The instrument used for the study is questionnaire and interview in collecting accurate statistical data. It discovered during the research that pupils compete in class activities because reward, the investigation revealed that the teachers applied punishment wrongly especially corporal punishment, reward and punishment also help in checking learners bad behavior. Punishment was also used to suppress unwanted behavior. Recommendation include eradication of corporal punishment, curriculum designer should consider reward and punishment when designing curriculum for the pupils, teachers should have sound idea of reward and punishment few to mention

Background to the Study

The pupils of primary school need to be motivated to help encourage their learning process, therefore the concept of reward is a vital instrument which teachers at primary level need for effective and efficiency of the learners at primary school level. Psychologist greatly emphasis on the use of reward to suit the situation of the learners. It is a tool used to encourage the pupils to learn effectively



http://www.bravoprojecthelp.com/psychology/the-role-of-reward-and-punishment-on-academic-performance-of-primary-school-pupils-in-makurdi-local-government-benue-state/

There has been a lot of issues regarding the investigation of homosexuality and its consequences on a society in the light of Leviticus 20:13 and Romans 1:26-27. In the society both locally and abroad homosexuality causes a big uproar in the world. The researcher seeks to establish awareness to the person or group of persons interested to know or have an insight on what homosexuality is all about. The purpose is to know more about the term homosexuality because we cannot just say it is the act of same sex sexual relations that is not what it’s all about. A random sampling technique was used and questionnaires were distributed equally to people of different age grades to b able to get a detailed response from our respondent. Based on the response of the administered questionnaire, it has been discovered that homosexuality has been in existence for centuries, and there is nothing like high or low sin because one is a homosexual. In conclusion, individuals should learn to treat the homosexuals with respect not disclaim even though they may not be in support of the choice of a partner they choose but just find themselves having sexual feelings for their same sex partner.

Background of the Study

In a work is God ANTI-gay? Allberry states that “Homosexuality is defined as when someone is having feelings for his same sex partner but has not acted upon it as to have intercourse with the same sex but being gay means that a person is having feeling for his same partner and has acted upon it that is to go ahead and have sexual intercourse with that some person”. (Allberry, 39).

Furthermore, he opines that;

“in the past few years or decade homosexuality has become a more or less a house hold name both locally and internationally with the homosexual awareness, protest and conferences around the globe demanding for their rights inserted into the constitution to enable them live a normal life without people scrutinizing them and saying that they are infidels and have no right to live because they view it as going against the natural order of things that is man and woman not to man to man or woman to woman”. (Allberry, 39)




http://www.bravoprojecthelp.com/theology/an-investigation-on-homosexuality-and-its-consequences-on-a-society-in-light-of-leviticus-2013-and-romans-126-2/

The phenomenon of drug abuse is one of the most disturbing social vices that have affected the society in various ways (Earl, 2000). The widespread abuse of drug among youth in the society today is something to be worried about. It has sent thousands of youth to mental institution, some of whom have been rendered permanently insane or whom have become little more than human vegetables. This is because of the rate at which the act is spreading in our society; this act poses a serious challenge to the youths and Christian church as God’s kingdom on earth (Harms, 1993). When one considers the effects of drug abuse on the victim and the people around, one sees that it is a problem not only on the individual but on the society at large

On the individual level, the social, moral psychological effects of drug abuse create a challenge on how to avoid its influence on the life; the government and religious institution are facing the challenge of controlling illegal usage of drugs. This ugly trend is ravaging the Christian youths who are expected to know that its abuse is unlawful. Drug abuse can determine young people’s worthiness and their educational and moral aspirations. (Osikoya and Ali, 2006) asserts that drug use does not only endanger but also deprive young people of personal growth in openness, sincerity, truth and other things which are vital for life and friendship . The social and economic cost of drugs abuse are enormous, among others are sabotaging, impending and endangering the lives of those who indulge in it as a habit.

Efforts to place legal protections against drug abuse by Christian organizations and their bodies such as The Nigerian Drug Law Enforcement Agency (NDLEA), National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC) and other social activists are being reported. An effort to put an end on this act by NDLEA was made through the arrangement with other agencies outside Nigeria to enhance information on illegal drugs. Also the NDLEA act, 2004 also enjoins all the head of Nigeria foreign missions to supply information about Nigerian drug traffickers in their various countries of accreditation to NDLEA for necessary actions. NAFDAC, through their efforts; also undertake measures to ensure that the use of such drugs and psychotropic substances are limited to scientific and medical purpose. It also collaborates with NDLEA in measures to eradicate drug abuse in Nigeria. This shows the extent to which people have gone to even suppress such behaviours. When one looks at the rate at which drug abuse and the increase in crime rate have contributed negatively to the modern society, which today has been held captive by armed robbery, rape and other unhealthy practices, which cannot be ignored. Drug abuse is a life threatening pandemic of our time if not given proper attention, its ugly tentacles are fast spreading and might soon engulf the entire community, it is neither a respecter of personality nor does it know any boundary. Therefore, this work is aimed at instigating the phenomenon of drug abuse, the danger it poses and the effect or impact on the victims, the environment and the society at large.



http://www.bravoprojecthelp.com/theology/para-theological-solutions-to-drug-addiction-and-abuse-among-ngwa-youths/

There are generally three [3] constitutionally recognized institutionalized arms of government viz, the executive, the legislatures, and the judiciary. Each of these of arms of government has its traditional role to play for the maintenance and survival of the state as a whole.

The legislatures primary functions is to make laws for the good governance of the state, and the welfare of the citizens the “branch is responsible for making and changing laws” Leeds [1978:56].

The executive arms of government are to administer the laws made by the legislature. It is also responsible for responsible for direction of government affairs Leeds [1978:56] since it consists of leaders of the state and those responsible for the everyday governing of the state. While the judiciary is the third arms of government that is responsible for interpreting laws and the implementation for the existing laws to the individuals who breaks the laws Leeds [1978:56].

The judiciary exists to protect the liberties and rights of individuals in any modern state, the liberties to individuals depend upon the fairness of court in protecting them both from individuals and tyrannical or overzealous members of the government Nwonbueze [1979:215].

Legislation in Nigeria started with indigenous representative during the emergence of Clifford constitution in assembles came to existence and had disappeared due to one reason or the other and sometimes resurfaced.




http://www.bravoprojecthelp.com/sociology/public-perception-of-the-performance-of-kano-states-house-of-assembly-2011-2015/

Human beings are by nature free agents that have the capacity to seek and receive information and express it in thought, works and deeds through any media. In recognition of this freedom, democratic countries around the world have made copious provisions in their constitutions for people to buttress their freedom of expression. Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Right (1984) for example stipulates: everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers (United Nation, 1984).

This media is an effective means through which people acquire a wide variety of information to enable them make rational choices. Further, such choices may in turn promote their individual and collective interest and invariability the well-being of the community as a whole. In any democratic setting, the media often serves as a strong device of mechanism in shaping political issues and events. The 1999 constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria task the media with ensuring that the people’s rights are not trampled upon, the press, radio and television and other agencies of mass media shall at all times be free to uphold the fundamental objective and directive principles of state policy and uphold the responsibility and accountability of government of the people.

The international press institute of which Nigeria is a member encapsulates the role of the press in nation building; the press does all it can do to ensure that it writes only the truth, without distortion or without suppression. It must not disguise advertisement as editorial. It should take care not to glorify war, crime, adultery, cruelty and communal clashes with care and restraints.

The press therefore is the people’s parliament, a gatekeeper and the watchdog of the society. In fact, it is difficult if indeed not impossible, to undertake a discourse of modern democracy and its practices without reference to the press. Its duty therefore is to ensure a just and egalitarian society in which no section, tribe or religion is promoted at the expense of another. It is the duty of the press to check, analyze, interpret and ferret out the advantages and otherwise of news items, thereby contributing effectively to the building of a strong and virile society, where bitterness, misgiving and rancor will not strive. But the question is, are these principles and percepts being followed in Nigeria’s press terrain?

However, the Nigerian press played a vital role in the fight against continued military rule and subsequently, the installation of democratic order in Nigeria. As the fourth estate of the realm and the watchdog of the society, the role of the media in any social formation cannot be downplayed. However, with the coming of the civilian rule, the media seem to have gone to sleep.



http://www.bravoprojecthelp.com/mass-communication/an-assessment-of-the-level-of-prominence-and-type-of-coverage-given-to-the-boko-haram-crisis-by-some-selected-newspapers/

In 1960 and early 1970s, when Nigeria was basically agrarian, surviving on agriculture by exporting cocoa, palm produce, timber, cotton and rubber to developed countries. During this period, agriculture contributed to over 60% of the GDP. At this period, the rate of capital outflow from Nigeria was very low compare to the current state of capital flight in the country. In the early1970s, the exploration of crude oil came to limelight and became a major source of revenue for Nigeria and the major foreign reserves and when the price of oil fell, government revenue also fell drastically. The discovery of crude oil has therefore impacted on economic growth and development of the country. (Louis, 1999)

Nigeria is endowed with both natural and human resources. The discovery of crude oil has made Nigeria to be one of the countries with great potential to develop. But the reverse was the case for Nigeria. This means that Nigeria is suffering from “resource curse” which implies the abundance of natural and human resources with a limited growth rate. Despite the abundance of natural resources essential for the development of the country, and that can lead to improvement in the welfare of the economy, the country is still less developed. Resource curse can be traced to mismanagement and corruption. Research has shown that Corruption and mismanagement are one of the determinants of “capital flight”



http://www.bravoprojecthelp.com/economics/effect-of-capital-flight-on-nigerian-economic-growth-and-development/

Management for and managing human resources are emerging as an increasingly important determinant of organizational efficiency. As organizations evolve, the complexity of the environments they operate on requires much dependence on the people that make up the organizations. A very important aspect of managing effectively the staffing process is human resources management and organization performance. Human resource management and organization performance could be defined as a strategy for the acquisition, utilization, improvement and retention of enterprise human resources. People represent the most flexible resource available to the managers in organization the Securities and Exchange Commission. The purpose of human resources management and organization performance in public sector is to provide for the continuous and proper staffing of the organization. Deploying people in right numbers with the right skills and in the right place is fundamental to success in organization.

Human resources management and organization performance includes an analysis of the levels of skills in the organization, an analysis of current and expected vacancies due to retirement discharges, transfers, promotion, sick leaves, leaves of absence, training, or an analysis of current and expected expansions or curtailment in the departments. Plans are then made for internal shifts or cutbacks in human resources, for training and development of present employees, for advertising openings, or for recruiting and hiring of new people with the appropriate qualification or for all these approaches




http://www.bravoprojecthelp.com/?p=98&preview=true

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Management for and managing human resources are emerging as an increasingly important determinant of organizational efficiency. As organizations evolve, the complexity of the environments they operate on requires much dependence on the people that make up the organizations. A very important aspect of managing effectively the staffing process is human resources management and organization performance. Human resource management and organization performance could be defined as a strategy for the acquisition, utilization, improvement and retention of enterprise human resources. People represent the most flexible resource available to the managers in organization the Securities and ExchangeCommission. The purpose of human resources management and organization performance in public sector is to provide for the continuous and proper staffing of the organization. Deploying people in right numbers with the right skills and in the right place is fundamental to success in organization.

Human resources management and organization performance includes an analysis of the levels of skills in the organization, an analysis of current and expected vacancies due to retirement discharges, transfers, promotion, sick leaves, leaves of absence, training, or an analysis of current and expected expansions or curtailment in the departments. Plans are then made for internal shifts or cutbacks in human resources, for training and development of present employees, for advertising openings, or for recruiting and hiring of new peoplewith the appropriate qualification or for all these approaches



http://www.bravoprojecthelp.com/public-administration/the-impact-of-human-resources-management-and-organization-performance-in-the-public-sector-a-case-of-the-securities-and-exchange-commission/

The concept of broken home is variously understood and construed. To many, it is a bastardized home, orphanized home, troubled home, constant quarrelling home among others. In fact, a more radical school sees broken home as bedeviled, curse, outcast, beggary and uncultured homes.

However, not all these attributes are themselves true but, can at best be as more explanatory to the intensity of psychological pinches on them.

The consequences of divorce, death of one of the parents, victim of child abandonment, negligence due to excessive materialistic pursuit and sheer wickedness leading to child abuse constitute what is called broken home (Loveli, K., 1973). The home (family or parent) plays a rolemodel. This has greatest impact on the overall child’s personality development. Thus Browby J. (1952) graphically opines that: “Among the most important frustrating environmental conditions is detective failure to give the child love, security and direction.”

Psychological breakdown occasioned by broken home to the child threatens severally, his emotional stability. At a very tender age and formative age children are left at the mercies of excessive frustrated mother and surrogate parents.

The negative effect from the above scenario are new-found-above lack of motherly care, serious deprivation from attending nursery schools leading formally to acute psychological maladjustment, though from modest beginning, the result is far reaching. The broken home child will conceive in his mind the society as too hostile.



http://www.bravoprojecthelp.com/psychology/the-psychological-effects-broken-homes-on-the-education-of-primary-school-pupils/

An Area Court, being a court of 1st instance, is an integral part of the Federal Capital Territory Judiciary which bears the heavy weight of the tremendous burden of the administration of justice system, which also come into contact with the greater percentage of the citizenry, and to this, the idea of the citizenry as to the concept of justice and its image may very well depend on what e see, hear and perceive about it.

Prior to the arrival of the colonial masters, there had been the existence of what was called the “alkali court” mainly manned by a renown Islamic scholar, and was duly administered and controlled by the Emirs and Chiefs. In 1956, however, there was a law promulgated applicable to the whole Northern Nigeria known as Native Courts Law which conferred power on the Chief Justice of Northern Nigeria for the establishment of Native Court all over the then Northern Nigeria, and this continued until 1967 when Nigeria was splited into twelve states. The newly created states in the then Northern Nigeria adopted the same law with an amendment which culminated into the establishment of the present Area Court by virtue of the Area Court Edit of 1968.

In 1976, Nigeria was also splited by the creation of more states giving the total number of nineteen and Abuja was made as the capital of Nigeria. Originally, Abuja was carved out of then Kwara, Benue/Plateau and North Western States; however, Area Court was already established in those states and to that, the Court exists prior to the creation of the Federal Capital.

In 1990, there was a collation of laws among which was the Area Court Act[1], thereby gave the Chief Judge of the Federal Capital Territory Abuja to establish Area Courts by warrant under his hand.



http://www.bravoprojecthelp.com/law/assessing-the-challenges-of-area-courts-in-the-administration-of-justicea-case-study-of-the-federal-capital-territory-abuja/

“Standards serve as basis of educational reform across the nation as educators and policy makers respond to a call for a clear definition of desired outcomes of schooling and a way to measure student success in terms of these outcomes” (National Research Council, 2001). From primary to higher education in Nigeria, it is glaring that the standard is falling and our morals are fast fading in a geometric proportion. A saying goes like this, “when a problem is identified, it is half-solved” sequel to the above saying it is necessary for us to identify the causes which are the factors militating against the standard of education in Nigeria. It is necessary for us to examine these factors if we are finding solutions to them.

Right from the beginning,


http://www.bravoprojecthelp.com/education/factors-that-militate-against-the-otandard-of-education-in-primary-schools-in-nigeria/

According to the study it reviewed that students in the system very difficult because the system has a lot of subject in the primary and secondary schools and students has to study very hard before they can go to a better college and for many students they see it as a stress.

Scope of the Study

This project will attempt to study the Chinese education system, its establishment and development features of the schooling system, and efforts made by the government to eradicate illiteracy in China. The scope of the study is from 1949 to the present day.

1.5 Research Questions

In the course of this study there are important questions on which this research work will be based. The research questions include:

What are the major Chinese educational policies?
What are the features of educational system?
What are the values or benefits of the educational system and policy?
How did the educational system and policies emerge?
What are the government efforts in improving the education system

According to Andreas Schleicher (2012), China’s results in international education test which have never been published are remarkable”. These test (Pisa Tests) held every three years by the organization for economic co-operation and development measure pupils’ skill in reading numeracy and science. The findings indicate that China has an education system that is overtaking many western countries. While there has been intense interest in China’s economic and political development, this provides the most significant insight into how it is teaching the next generation.

The Pisa 2009 tests showed that Shanghai was top of the education rankings. But it was unclear whether Shanghai and another char-topper Hong Kong were unrepresentative regional showcases. Schleicher says the unpublished result reveal that pupil in other parts of China are also performing strong. Even in rural areas and in disadvantages environments you see a remarkable impart. In particular he said that the “reliance” of pupils’ to succeed despite tough backgrounds and high-levels of inequality between rich and poor pupils.

In China the idea is so deeply rooted that education is the key to mobility and success. The results for disadvantaged pupils would be the envy of any western country he says.



http://www.bravoprojecthelp.com/education/to-portray-chinese-development-through-their-educational-system-and-policies/

Street lighting, one of the most essential services provided by government and communities, is a cost and management challenge. New technological advances can deliver up to 50% reductions in energy usage. Smart control, including proactive maintenance, can slash annual operating costs significantly.

The idea of designing a controller for street lights that utomatically switches on the lights at nights and also puts off the lights in the morning when darkness has disappeared is of great concern to engineers working in community lighting field. Providing street lighting is one of the most important and expensive responsibilities of a city. Street Lighting can account for 10–38% of the total energy bill in typical cities worldwide [1]. Street lighting is a particularly critical concern for public authorities in developing countries because of its strategic importance for economic and social stability. Inefficient street lighting wastes significant financial resources every year, and poor lighting creates unsafe conditions. Energy efficient technologies and design mechanism can reduce cost of the street lighting drastically.

http://www.bravoprojecthelp.com/engineering/design-construction-programmable-street-light-contrller/

The level of development of a nation is dependent on the aggregate investment activities of the different economic units which are as endowed in varying degrees. While some economic Units will have more than their current ic(|tiiremenls, others will have less than enough for current consumption. This situation brings about the existence of deficit and surplus units. At the same time, individual decisions have serious repercussions for the growth of the economy.

http://www.bravoprojecthelp.com/economics/the-impact-of-economic-liberalization-on-the-activities-of-nigerian-stock-exchange/

This work highlights conflict, causes and solutions in organisations. business admin, banking, marketing and managements students as a whole writing projects, seminars, dissertations etc should take a look at this
http://www.bravoprojecthelp.com/business-administration/conflict-management-and-organizational-performance/

They are simply trying to create fear in the minds of people.

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