ikevin:
at times it would seem beyond understanding, very frustrating. Hello to you guys over there...

LOL
thanks bro

Dbrainiac1:


Would? or will?

Bro, Learn to ignore somethings...Some corrections could be embarrassing. Maybe it was just a mistake.

ikevin:
. It would be unfair to just assume 90ml since this response is a severe one..

lols. you're good...it's funny how dynamic medicine is, almost everything seem to be correct.
MBBS-unijos.

ikevin:
the response basically wants to increase blood pressure. B.P is a product of cardiac output and TPR. So on one hand TPR is increased by sympathetics while cardiac output is increased by inducing bradycardia which might seem counter-intuitive. Now, if tachycardia is induced, it wud mean less time to fill the heart with blood, therefore by inducing bradycardia, more blood enters the heart therefore more blood is pumped out therefore increasing cardiac output. I understand that cardiac output is a product of stroke volume and heart rate, but increasing stroke volume is more important than just increasing the heart rate with less blood to pump.

You have a strong point bro...medicine is very dynamic.
what of am thinking of something like this.....normal; stroke volume 70ml and heart rate 75 beats/min=5250ml/min (cardiac output) and for Bradycardia; heart rate 40 beats/min and stroke volume 90ml=3600ml/min.
so do you think that the cardiac output has been increased? Lols.
That's why I'm still suggesting that in the presenting case, the TPR which increases as a result of sympathetic discharge to the blood vessels is a more appropriate parameter for assessing the increased blood pressure, not bradycardia.unless where clearly stated, that's in magnitude...both for heart rate and stroke volume.
Most of the time cardiac output tend to decrease with bradycardia depending on the magnitude. That's more reason why tachycardia (as a result of sympathetic discharge to the heart) is often associated with increased blood pressure.

ikevin:
reduced blood supply to the VMC due to hypotension induces the response explained in order to increased blood supply to the neurons of the VMC,
With bradycardia, more blood fills the atria, therefore more blood fills the ventricles therefore increasing stroke volume (this increases cardiac output which is stroke vol * heart rate, but the vol is more imp), note that blood pressure is dependent on cardiac output and peripheral resistance.

Ok. Thanks. I guess the bradycardia in this case is not as a result of the CNS ischaemic response directly, I think I understand what you meant now. It's actually stroke volume that's dependent on Frank-Sterling law of heart not cardiac output as I thought initially, so I'm clarified on that now. But I still have a problem with your answers...bradycardia in most will not increase cardiac output, since cardiac output is largely dependent on the heart rate, which is not elevated in bradycardia. Though elevation of blood pressure as a result of CNS ischaemic response is feasible, but this mainly due increased total peripheral resistance(increased sympathetic discharge to the blood vessels), because bradycardia in most cases does not increase cardiac output, and blood pressure is a product of cardiac output and TPR.

ikevin:
During CNS ischaemic response, there is reduced blood flow to the vasomotor centres which is bad. This centre therefore induce the response, i.e. Increased peripheral resistance (sympathetic effect on blood vessels) but reduces the heart rate (bradycardia). Bradycardia obeys the Frank-Sterling law of the heart under physiological range by increasing end-diastolic volume, therefore increasing stroke volume, when this is considered with increased peripheral resistance, arterial blood pressure rises greatly. I appreciate the responses so far.

I get you now. I guess I didn't understand your question at first. Thanks.
But I will appreciate if you can through more light on why blood supply to the vasomotor centre only, is affected. or is it that a particular artery is occluded or thrombosed? ?
And secondly, I don't understand how bradycardia (decreased heart rate) increases stroke volume.
Finally, the sympathetic discharged from the vasomotor centres to the blood vessels (increased TPR) is quite understandable, but the ensuing bradycardia without the involvement of hering-bruer reflex is not that clear to me.
so, please clarify.

ikevin:
I would like to hear your opinion on this. A man is undergoing CNS ischaemic response (increased peripheral resistance, but bradycardia to increase arterial blood pressure). What is the essence of bradycardia in elevating blood pressure? What law is being obeyed? Just your thoughts.

But if your asking for the reason why bradycardia was associated with the man's increased blood pressure, then it's the other way round. just like a compensatory effect. increased blood pressure increases nervous outflow to the CNS, which in turn reduces sympathetic discharge to the heart and blood vessels.

ikevin:
I would like to hear your opinion on this. A man is undergoing CNS ischaemic response (increased peripheral resistance, but bradycardia to increase arterial blood pressure). What is the essence of bradycardia in elevating blood pressure? What law is being obeyed? Just your thoughts.

Bradycardia increases sympathetic discharge to heart (thereby increasing chronotropic and dromotrotic effects) by reducing nervous outflow from the carotid and aortic bodies to the vasomotor and cardiorespiratory centres in the brain stem. This means that, the lower the blood pressure (bradycardia) the lesser the excitation of the carotid and aortic bodies, and the more the excitation of the CNS areas mentioned, which then increases sympathetic discharge to the heart and blood vessels, and finally elevating blood pressure.
I'm not sure about the law, but it's a negative feedback reflex.

Roastedcorn, I think it's high time you sheath your sword forever...This thread has been grossly derailed., and it's not healthy, remember many aspirants visit this thread on daily basis, some are depressed and really need to be motivated.
I believe it will be for the good of all, if we channel our energy towards more productive arguments.
whether medicine or dentistry, let's work hard, be the very best we can be and build an enviable health care system...just like the Indians.
Please we're adults, it's okay.

Zellie:
And dentists don't battle for internship space, interesting!

You make it seem like the demand for dentists is greater than the supply because very few graduate annually.

Very few are inducted annually, true, but even fewer are needed.

Actually their demand is greater than supply...am a medical student though.
They don't battle for internship space like us, do your research bro,.www.mdcnigeria.org

Lomaxx -north central

simba1:
It's your ignorance that drives me gaga!

Ok. I understand.
But there are better ways to prove a point my dear...kpele.

Catalyst4real:
He's not, still an aspirant

An aspirant!!!? Lord have mercy.

[quote author=DTee03 post=40209507][/quote] wow nice to have you here sir

simba1:
LWKMD! Ignorance is a choice shaa! My brother it's not your fault ooo! You just aren't informed Sir. MR newly admitted MEDIABU. How many decades did it took you to get to ZARIA MR. POLITICITY Recieve sense now!!!

I don't think you're a medical student...

Nice. And somebody is here telling me not to date till am ready for marriage...how comes they have been together for this long, or is it magic?

unknownnnn:
Hello!!!!! Am new here and i would like to apply to unilorin to study medicine but the problen is am from the north what are my chances please?

But unilorin is also a northern university, so it depends on the part of North you're from.

Durentt:
i said ALL and totally mean all.
I hate eastern universities wit passion such evil hearted people from VC to Students

I don't like eastern schools as well, but this your statement is not called for....

I wonder why a dental student will still be talking about medicine...
are you guys jobless?
Dentistry and medicine are the same, in fact dentistry is even better, cos you cannot and will never see a jobless dentist...but same cannot be said for medicine.
you get paid the same amount and are entitled to the same privileges, and at the end of the day, the dentist will still have more time for his family than his colleagues in medicine...so what are we saying??
please guys just focus and study well and leave all these arguments....btw, am a medical student, before you judge me.

[quote author=oluafolabi post=38612407]
seriously i agree with you, Singh is crappy. just use junquira or even wheaters

I thought Elrufai is an environmentalist?

Doclight:
Are u a medical Stud?

lol medical student ke! She is a doctor wanna be . She applied for medicine serially but was not taken, that is why she hates medical students.

centje:
The lecturer needs to face a panel.

It's very unfortunate that at this age, universities in nigeria still publish results like this.

I agree with you Bro, here in Nigeria nobody really give a damn. but as they always say, in medicine you just have to maintain standard. so don't be surprised if they publish results worse than this.

That is how we roll in unijos, I believe you guys can as well share your experiences.

for the inquisitive aspirants, this is what med school looks like.

deedrizzie:
I'd just pretend i didn't see the insult in that post n congratulate you for a job well done... u should work on your PR tho... you've just confirmed all I've bn noticing about you.. you should consider it before it comes back to haunt u... Dear Dr Zed... Congrats Sire.. #UnilorinMBBS

these boys eeehhhh! laryom you need to work on yourself, like seriously.

lomaxx:



I highly recommend this site. Used it personally.

wow.he is currently a professor of anatomy in my school (unijos). He is a great man

pay a visit to this site. www.oluwoleogunranti.com. you can thank me later

The issues raised here are really embarrassing, am shocked Zambia is now better than us in area.am not surprised because I don't expect less in a country where mediocres are been celebrated daily. Our hospitals are very far from reality.

otes6:
pls,,,if u were to recommend a single textbook for each course to a MB 2 stdnt,whc ll u recommend

physiology= human physiology by ira fox
anatomy=clinical anatomy by Richard snell
biochemistry=medical biochemistry by m.n chatterjea
embryology=clinically oriented embryology by Moore
histology=basic histology
NB:it is difficult to recommend just a book.

hi people it has been a while here. hope you guys are enjoying the stress? sis aluta long time, hope to hear from you soon on how you murdered step 1, we all need to be motivated#waiting.

Kcinho:
Best thread I have followed on NL so far. Learned ladies and gentlemen. Here is my contribution. I'm currently in my finals Medsurg UNTH....op d medical school requires passion, a little above average brain, mainly hard work (cos u go read, cram, Pam), focus and above all baba GOD *thanks Him in Igbo language* My little experience so far:
We were about 350 in my 2nd MBBS but in final MBBS we are 113 with less than 30 people with no issues so far. There will be resits, repeats, fail outs,withdrawals from overstay, change of course(when the heats gets too much). Its almost like survival of the fittest around here cos the students are more than the working facilities. But God will see you through if you have the passion. When the frustration comes you have to face it cos u chose d course and the only option is to tackle it and pursue your dream. There are a lot more issues you will get to know when you are in......but God will be there if you call on him and not forgetting humility cos medicine is like apprenticeship you learn from senior colleagues. Don't know much about pharmacy but it is good too.

please do you know chuba Akah?