₦airaland Forum

Dalohad:
This one wey you no insult Jews, Peter Obi and Ibos for this e be like say APC no pay Christmas stipend..

Speaking of Jews, Epstein had an elaborate honeypot blackmailing operation using teenage girls as bait.

Israel is the global hotspot for pedophillia by the way.

As per Obi, I believe he did no apply this rule when he married his own wife which rumours had it that she was 17. Can't confirm but that's what has been going around on social media



There.

Are you happy now?

jmoore:
Do your own maths and present your own true value.

Don't forget that after Tinubu removed subsidy from exchange rate and floated the naira, it went to 755 naira to a dollar. How much is the exchange rate now? 1,450 naira.

You should ask who is bidding so high at #1,450 to a dollar.

jmoore:
911 million dollars in 2022 is greater than 662.8 million dollars in 2025.

It is important to factor in naira devaluation to know the true value of things.

Yes you are right but you forgot to factor that imports has also drastically reduced as well so.the devaluation is actually working by ensuring Nigerians look inward for their consumption and outward for their revenue generation.

What this article failed to articulate is the comparison between net imports vs net exports .

I am.sure if this is included you will see that import volume has reduced and exports have increased sharply thereby reducing trade deficit.

Nigeria is now exporting more than it did in years prior than we import that's why the FX reserves are high .

Dalohad:
This one wey you no insult Jews, Peter Obi and Ibos for this e be like say APC no pay Christmas stipend..

Be like say your 3weeks blocking don expire.

If this rule is strictly enforced all these girls today will sit up and concentrate on getting married instead of sleeping around hoping to back one simp when she feels she will soon hit the wall

Feminism caused the breakdown of marriages and has made marriages in the west no longer feasible since the feminist can divorce rape you for all you have once she gets bored and needs to hit the dik carasoul.

Tailorcaesar:
Bro I can't be 10years older than my wife ooo
Our reasoning frequency isn't gonna be the same.
Now that am 35years old so I should marry marry a girl of 24+ ?
Have U seen a lady of 24+ talk this days ? Oga the only thing wey they their head na TIKTOK, SHOPRITE, ETC

I only rate a lady based on their level of reasoning.

You are supposed to guide and protect your wife.

There are still descent girls out there.

You probably searching in the wrong place.

15% sounds reasonable .

Most people employed in organized private and public sector pay that amount as tax.

The law only wants to expand it to other grey zone businesses that don't pay even up to minimum wage.

all those one man businesses like hotels and private schools will be forced to disclose their workforce and when it is found out that they are not even paying for NHIS, Pension and even the minimum wage , there will be trouble .

The tax law favours the poor and will bring to accountability since most people do not earn up to minimum wage working in these small businesses . Same small businesses are exempt from paying corporate tax, so why will they refuse to pay minimum wage ?

Whose crying?

Hankim:
Keep crying everyday over people who is better than you and will continue to be until eternity

nedu666:
Another opportunity to drag Jews into the matter. Trust op to utilise the opportunity. How can a normal person say all slave trader were Jews. Only Jews traded slaves tru out Africa

Enslavement of others is ingrained in Jewish culture and religion .

Read Leviticus for starters .

nedu666:
All African Americans are majorly lbo. What an unbelievable assertion

d

Ask your ai.

Majority of slaves shipped to the US were from Calabar and Bonny.

helinues:
In this century, age is just a number. Finding the right partner is irrespective of age

No its not.

Age has a lot to do with marriage especially when you consider maturity levels and the fact that women are perrishable goods.

Too young , and you end up with Bro Ned levels of frustration .

Too old and you will wake up 2 weeks after your honeymoon and see one old cargo lying next to you.

helinues:
Your formula is outdated. When young guys are not marrying older people for money. It's not only the ladies that are affected with dating old cargoes

This formula is for those genuinely looking to settle down with the love of their life and not for those riffraffs that see marriage as a contract.

When Elder Ned married his sweetheart at the right old age of 60,/ he ought to have used this formulae instead and settled for an aging 37yr old .

This is political, so Mods don't push it to romance or another pozzed section.

Divide your age by 2 add 7 .

This is the ideal female age for you.

Let's say you are 36, that means your ideal companion is 25. Anything older is not OK. Anything younger isnt as well.

Funny enough this age bracket protects women more.

Say a boy of 10ys old who is still a prepubescent child , his ideal mate will be older at 12.

Say a boy of 18, his ideal mate will be 15. 15 is age of consent in most western countries.

A boy of 16, female mate of 15.

A boy of 14 , female mate of 14.

This age gap formula protects the female from being exposed to someone much older than her if she is below 18.

So let's reverse the formula , and calculate the ideal male companion of a female of 18ys old, her ideal mate is a young matured and in most cases a succesfuo bachelor of 32 ready to settle down.

Apply this formulae going forward.

Do not settle for old desperate cargoes or girls too immature for you like Brother Ned.

musicwriter:
White slave traders also documented their journeys. And none of them ever said that he bought a slave from parents selling their children. None. Zero.

By the 1800 that you're alluding to, slave trade has taken a life of it's own, having Africans participate in it. But that's not how it started

So called white slavers were Jewish and they never ventured beyond the coast other than use small canoes to go into Igbo land to bypass the middle men in the coast.

All slaves purchased in the coastal areas where supplied by ibo slave raiders who raided their own or bought from slave markets .

This is verified facts.

Going inland was a death sentence for the Jewish slavers owing to hostile tribes or being killed by Africa's biggest killer- Malaria.

All slaves supplied to the coastal slave ports in present day Delta, and along the eastern coastline came from the interior IBO land and were supplied by Aro cultists .

Gotocourt:
It ain't a secret, cannibalism surplus around imo/abia axis.

Abia and Anambra no.dey play with huma flesh.

During the civil.war thy were so.openly brazen with this cannibalism.
Human flesh was openly sold on makeshift butcher stands to the horror of the Rivers people.

Restaurants sprang up.advertising Special meat as a delicacy on the menu.

Biafran make shift barracks regularly served human flesh in their canteens.

They are simply devolving back to their original form


British did their best but immediately they left they went back to their barbaric savage ways.

By the way, they are not and have never been Christian in any way or form.

Only a tiny minority are true Christians.

The vast majority still visit shrines regularly even the so called priests and pastors amongst them.

matify83:
How do you explain this savagery and barbarism in a supposedly religious country.

Ngozi123:
Don't mind him, he's an avid Igbo hater. There are so many crimes committed by his people but if you bring them up, he'll just say that they are actions committed by individuals. He won't do that if the criminal is Igbo, though.

Here below is an article written by a descendant of a notorious slave trader. It details the author's father struggling to come to terms of what his ancestors did and the guilt he and his family carry on their shoulders.

I suggest you read it to the end.


Skip to...

Subscribe
Sign In

The Saturday Essay

When the Slave Traders Were African
Those whose ancestors sold slaves to Europeans now struggle to come to terms with a painful legacy
19th-century shackles on display at the Freedom House Museum in Alexandria, Va. Matt McClain/The Washington Post/Getty Images
By Adaobi Tricia Nwaubani
Updated Sept. 20, 2019 11:06 am ET
22

This August marked 400 years since the first documented enslaved Africans arrived in the U.S. In 1619, a ship reached the Jamestown settlement in the colony of Virginia, carrying “some 20 and odd Negroes” who were kidnapped from their villages in present-day Angola. The anniversary coincides with a controversial debate in the U.S. about whether the country owes reparations to the descendants of slaves as compensation for centuries of injustice and inequality. It is a moment for posing questions of historic guilt and responsibility.
Legacies of Slavery

The Long History of American Slavery Reparations
An Ancient Practice Transformed by the Arrival of Europeans

But the American side of the story is not the only one. Africans are now also reckoning with their own complicated legacy in the slave trade, and the infamous “Middle Passage” often looks different from across the Atlantic.

Records from the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade Database, directed by historian David Eltis at Emory University, show that the majority of captives brought to the U.S. came from Senegal, Gambia, Congo and eastern Nigeria. Europeans oversaw this brutal traffic in human cargo, but they had many local collaborators. “The organization of the slave trade was structured to have the Europeans stay along the coast lines, relying on African middlemen and merchants to bring the slaves to them,” said Toyin Falola, a Nigerian professor of African studies at the University of Texas at Austin. “The Europeans couldn’t have gone into the interior to get the slaves themselves.”
image
Chukwuma Hope Nwaubani in Umuahia, Nigeria, this month. Adaobi Tricia Nwaubani

The anguished debate over slavery in the U.S. is often silent on the role that Africans played. That silence is echoed in many African countries, where there is hardly any national discussion or acknowledgment of the issue. From nursery school through university in Nigeria, I was taught about great African cultures and conquerors of times past but not about African involvement in the slave trade. In an attempt to reclaim some of the dignity that we lost during colonialism, Africans have tended to magnify stories of a glorious past of rich traditions and brave achievement.

But there are other, less discussed chapters of our history. When I was growing up, my father Chukwuma Nwaubani spoke glowingly of my great-grandfather, Nwaubani Ogogo Oriaku, a chief among our Igbo ethnic group who sold slaves in the 19th century. “He was respected by everyone around,” he said. “Even the white people respected him.” From the 16th to the 19th centuries, an estimated 1.4 million Igbo people were transported across the Atlantic as slaves.

Some families have chosen to hide similar histories. “We speak of it in whispers,” said Yunus Mohammed Rafiq, a 44-year-old professor of anthropology from Tanzania who now teaches at New York University’s center in Shanghai. In the 19th century, Mr. Rafiq’s great-great-great-grandfather, Mwarukere, from the Segeju ethnic group, raided villages in Tanzania’s hinterland, sold the majority of his captives to the Arab merchants who supplied Europeans and kept the rest as laborers on his own coconut plantations. Although Mr. Rafiq’s relatives speak of Mwarukere with pride, they expunged his name from family documents sometime in the 1960s, shortly after Tanzania gained independence from British colonial rule, when it was especially sensitive to remind Africans of their role in enslaving one another.

Advertisement
image
Yunus Mohammed Rafiq in Bagamoyo, Tanzania, Aug. 6. Jonathan Torgovnik for The Wall Street Journal

The need to keep his family’s history secret intensified after Mr. Rafiq left home in his 20s to study at Indiana University and then at Yale and Brown for graduate work. “Truthfully, with my African-American colleagues, I never revealed this aspect,” he said. “Because of the crimes, the pain, the humiliation that I saw them suffer in the United States, I thought talking about this legacy of Africans selling themselves is just piling another wound in a body that is already very shot through, fractured, broken down by other things.” He decided instead to highlight the beauty of Tanzanian music, architecture and poetry and, at Indiana, worked with the black students’ union to organize events that would build bonds to Africa. “Knowing this legacy and what we have done, it put so much pressure on me,” he said.

Like Mr. Rafiq, I also felt apprehensive before deciding to write about my own family’s history. I live in Nigeria but have extended family all over the U.S. How would black Americans respond to the descendants of a man who sold some of their ancestors into slavery? And if my own background was tainted with inhumanity, what authority would I have to lend my voice to the human rights issues in Nigeria and around Africa that cause me such grave concern?

Some families feel no qualms about publicizing their own history. “I’m not ashamed of it because I personally wasn’t directly involved,” said 58-year-old Donald Duke, a lawyer who ran for president in Nigeria’s 2019 elections. He is from the port town of Calabar, home to the Efik ethnic group of Nigeria’s Cross River state. In the 18th century, some 1.2 million slaves were sold through Calabar, according to the Tulane University historian Randy J. Sparks. The Efik were mostly stevedores and middlemen. They negotiated prices between the white traders and their African partners from the hinterlands, then collected royalties. “Families like mine benefited from that process,” Mr. Duke told me.
image
Donald Duke in Lagos, Nigeria, Aug. 1. Lakin Ogunbanwo for The Wall Street Journal

Mr. Duke was elected governor of Cross River state in 1999, and his administration built the Slave History Museum near the point on the coast from which slaves were shipped. One of its exhibitions depicts various currencies of the slave trade, such as flutes, Dane guns and brass bells. “It is not a glorious past, but it is the truth,” Mr. Duke said. “That is why I went out to document it.”

Advertisement

The Zambian pastor Saidi Francis Chishimba also feels the need to go public with his family’s history. “In Zambia, in a sense, it is a forgotten history,” said the 45-year-old. “But it is a reality to which history still holds us accountable.” Mr. Chishimba’s grandfather, Ali Saidi Muluwe Wansimba, was from a tribe of slave traders of the Bemba kingdom, who moved from Zanzibar to establish slave markets in Zambia. He grew up hearing this history narrated with great pride by his relatives.

In 2011, he decided to see the place of his ancestor’s origin and traveled with his wife to Zanzibar, an island off the coast of Tanzania. As they toured a memorial in what used to be one of the world’s largest slave markets, the photos of limbs amputated from runaway slaves and the airless chambers that once held dozens of slaves at a time shocked him into silence. “It brought a saddening in my heart that my own family lines were involved in this treatment,” he said. “It was so painful to think about.”

Mr. Chishimba decided that this gruesome history should be openly acknowledged and has since become popular in Zambia for his sermons, radio talks and articles on the impact of the slave trade. He uses them as an opportunity to “demonstrate the grace of God” even in so wicked a practice. He believes, for example, that mixing the races was always in God’s plan and the slave trade was an effective device for dispersing black people from Africa to other parts of the world. “What the devil meant for evil, God used it for good,” he said.
image
Saidi Francis Chishamba in Ingombe Ilede, Zambia, Aug. 8. Jonathan Torgovnik for The Wall Street Journal

Some families feel cursed or burdened by their history and wish that they could be rid of it. “What our ancestors did wasn’t right,” said 48-year-old Teddy Nwanunobi, a journalist from southeastern Nigeria. “If they had thought about the consequences, they wouldn’t have done those things.” His great-grandfather was an Igbo slave trader, and Mr. Nwanunobi and his male relatives think that their own failure to produce children, in a patrilineal society, is a result of their family’s role in bringing other people’s lineages to an end. “I didn’t think twice about believing it,” Mr. Nwanunobi told me. He quoted a portion from the Book of Exodus, which refers to God “visiting the iniquity of the fathers on the children…to the third and fourth generation.”

Advertisement

Similar Bible passages have become popular in certain religious circles in Nigeria. The pastors encourage their congregations to identify patterns in their afflictions and to investigate their histories for root causes, then to ask God for forgiveness, usually after a period of fasting. In collaboration with his younger brother in England, Mr. Nwanunobi is now making arrangements for priests to visit the family and advise on what steps to take to free them from their past. “If not, the family will continue to go down,” he said.

My own family held a similar intervention in January 2018, organized by my father, who, at 79, is the oldest male and head of the extended family. Members of the Nwaubani family in Nigeria and around the world participated in the three days of prayer and fasting. On the final day, a few dozen who lived nearby gathered in my father’s home, then accompanied him to the local Anglican Church, where a priest invoked God’s mercies on us. In December, my father organized another ceremony. Hundreds of family members who were home for the Christmas holidays joined in the thanksgiving service. This time, we dressed in our Sunday best and danced merrily to the altar to present a special money offering as a token of gratitude to God for granting us a new beginning.

Still, my father does not believe that the descendants of those who took part in the slave trade should now pay for those wrongs. As he points out, buying and selling human beings had been part of many African cultures, as a form of serfdom, long before the first white people landed on our shores. And though many families still retain the respect and influence accrued by their slave-trading ancestors, the direct material gains have petered out over time. “If anyone asks me for reparations,” he said sarcastically, “I will tell them to follow me to my backyard so that I can pluck some money from the tree there and give it to them.”
More Saturday Essays



Mr. Chishimba takes a similar view. “Slavery was wrong, but do I carry upon my shoulders the sins of my forefathers so that I should go around saying sorry? I don’t think so,” he said. Mr. Duke doesn’t believe that Africans should play much of a part in the American reparations conversation, because the injustices the descendants of slaves suffer stem primarily from their maltreatment and deprivation in the U.S. “The Africans didn’t see anything wrong with slavery,” he said. “Even if the white man wasn’t there, they would still use these people as their domestics. However, because the white man was now involved and fortunes were being made…that was when the criminality came in.”

Mr. Nwanunobi wishes the matter were as straightforward as paying reparations in cash. He says that he would be willing to hand over all his family’s land and houses to anyone that suffered from his grandfather’s slave trading, whether in Nigeria or the U.S. “I am happy to give anything as long as it would bring an end to this suffering,” he said. “I will do whatever it will take to appease anybody, if only I can identify the particular people we offended.”

As for Mr. Rafiq, he agrees that Africans owe something to the descendants of slaves in America—a forthright acknowledgment of their own complicity in the trans-Atlantic trade. “Educated Africans need to rewrite their history, especially postcolonial history, which was a kind of restorative history that tended to marginalize issues like slavery,” he said. “Part of the compensation is telling the story of our part in what is happening to African-Americans today.”

Ms. Nwaubani is a Nigerian writer and journalist. Her debut novel, “I Do Not Come to You by Chance,” won the 2010 Commonwealth Writers’ Prize for best first book. Her latest novel is “Buried Beneath the Baobab Tree.” Reporting for this piece was supported by a Reporting Award grant from NYU’s Arthur L. Carter Journalism Institute.

Advertisement

Copyright ©2025 Dow Jones & Company, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 87990cbe856818d5eddac44c7b1cdeb8

Appeared in the September 21, 2019, print edition.

bigpriik:
But una say igbos no get history prior to the civil war so where did all these come from.

Who said that?

They have their own history but even their own historians will never publish it because it is too sordid.

Ngozi123:
And so?

What has that got to do with my comment?

You claimed what I posted from a certified historical online archive source was all lies.

You can search for the article on their website and see it was first published in 2004 .

Your comment claimed what I simply lifted and posted from that site were all.fabrications and that I am a ''ibo hater''.

So anyone who retells the truth on your sordid past is an Ibo hater?

Good.

I am.for truth and if that makes me an Ibo hater so be it. I will wear that badge with great pride.

Ngozi123:
Don't mind him, he's an avid Igbo hater. There are so many crimes committed by his people but if you bring them up, he'll just say that they are actions committed by individuals. He won't do that if the criminal is Igbo, though.

This article was first published by the American History Association as far back as 1974.

Continue lying to.yourselves.

musicwriter:
This is not history but anecdotal of oral tales. History is supported by sources.

If his ancestors sold their children as slaves; what's the source?

A British slave trader, named William Snelgrave, was in Dahomey (now called Benin Republic) in 1726 and he mentioned how Africans became slaves.

He wrote the subtitle in the book saying "HOW AFRICANS BECAME SLAVES."

He said it happened in 4 ways...
1. Prisoners of war
2. Kidnapping
3. By owing a debt
4. Selling children

On the 4th reason above, he put a caveat saying that HE HAS NEVER SEEN AN AFRICAN SELL HIS/HER CHILDREN BUT THAT A COLLEAGUE OF HIS ONCE TOLD HIM THAT HE ACQUIRED A SLAVE THAT WAY. That's hearsay!!

Mr. Snelgrave traded slaves for 75 years and never got a slave from an African who sold his/her child!! Yet, that's the part promoted to shame and control black people. He emphasized in the book that the MAIN source of the slaves was PRISONERS OF WAR. And if you trace the years of those wars, it correlates with the arrival of Europeans on our lands to supply gun powder. More guns meant more wars, and more wars meant more prisoners of war would be caught. Today, they'll be called refugees.

The true history of slavery and slave acquisition in Africa could be found at www.africason.com
Go check it out.

Thank God I've checked what the history says.

Spewing trash as usual.

Did your people ever develop any form of written language for.documentary purpose?

The narrator who was 60ys old at the time of the interviewe in 1974 was retelling what his father and grandfather witnessed.

There is another narration published in the New York Post by a proud descendant of a notorious slaver and warrant chief and how her great grand father was heavily involved in the slae trade up on until 1912 with a Rothschild license to supply slaves to Rothschild owned plantations in South America despite slavery being abolished.

The same great grand father was also a notorious and serial human sacrificing ritualist who kept several ritual pots used in collecting human blood and severed heads.

You can continue lying to yourselves.

AdeYORUFAFO:
Yoruba lies and revisionist history are the bane of society

The day you guys are delivered from your deep hatred of other Nigerians that is the day you will be finally free from the evil grip of tyrannical so-called leaders and elite.

ariesbull:
my brother Awolowo did a terrible thing on SW education ...I love the way you are lecturing them....


Baba Awo deliverers quantitative education not qualitative education

I have never seen a people who will rather believe their own lies.

When you lie, it is meant to decieve others but in your case it is to decieve yourselves .

Continue wallowing in your own self induced delusions driven by your stubbornness to accept the truth .

ebukal67x:
Not every Ibo person is a slave descendant. Some were freeborn traders and priests.

The priests will be the one to condemn some one to eternal slavery if they can not pay to cleanse themselves of crimes and taboos they committed.

The most successful and respected traders were those who dealt in slaves and partnered with slave raiders or had their own slave raiding party that went slave raiding for slaves. This is the Aro cult.

The so-called freeborns fell into either or both of the category above.

During the height of Aro chukwu slave raiding, the priestly class partnered with the Aro Chukwu cult in their long juju scam Oracle that saw many condemned to slavery .

At the height of the Aro Chukwu, which coincided with the height of ibos being sold into slavery, any one irrespective of class or stature was kidnapped and sold into slavery.

Goosethetruth:
Selling one's offspring into slavery in order to take an Ozo title is just pathetic.
What an enlightening historical article.
Some thing that happen nowadays now makes sense. The ability to do anything for money.

And exchanging one's own child for a cow.

How will one feel.after eating the last morsel of beef of that cow?

There was also reference of poor people selling their own children to feed.

Tufiakpa

Kukutente23:
The SE will also argue that it has more people outside its region engaged in economic activities than other regions which will make them the most nationally mobile and integrated region than any other
Besides, you don't need this warped statistics to show that SE gets more than it generates. That was already settled with the previous VAT statistics.
However, I see you're a victim of the confused and dysfunctional nature of VAT collection in Nigeria as you've now erroneously assumed that VAT should be collected at point of production while VAT is known as a sales tax. DeepSight should be able to see the point I was making previously with this your error.
Lastly, there's nothing inherently wrong with migration. The SW is known to have the highest rate of migration outside Nigeria. Does that mean the SW is the least economically viable region? SWners have been migrating since the late 70s. Are you saying SWers have been suffering economically since the 70s?

Even if we collect at point of sale, your SE with its dead economy that only comes alive every Christmas season and during burials, will.still be the lowest.

Why are your governors not advocating for VAT to be collected at POS?

Even the production points pay double VAT in the form of input VAT which is paid for sourcing materia.inputs, electricity and utility .

So even if we get every trader of finished good produced outside the SE to collect and remit VAT it won't translate to the miserable VAT generation in the SE.

ravensckar:
I sympathize with Cynthia's parents for their loss, however, Cynthia proved that education doesn't amount to wisdom. Why should any reasonable person agree to meet an unknown stranger in a hotel room to discuss business?

Nigerian ladies and hotel room are like 5 & 6. What happened to discussing in a restaurant or public outlet? If not that it's not good to speak ill of the dead, I know wetin I for talk. Let me just stop here.

Meanwhile, RIP to the dead and RIP (in advance) to the convicts.

Stop blaming the victim.

Its those bastards that raped her after she was drugged into.a commotose state that you should be blaming their useless parents for bringing them into this world and having no good upbringing impacted on them.

Cynthia's murder was because she operated an open innoxnet mind which is only applicable in a high trust society with decent people.

We have too.much lunatics like the murderers amongst us who we need to purge from this world .

Sirianese:
They were supposed to have kinky sex in that hotel room, OP took a lot of liberties and sanitized the true story

Stp.defaming the dead.

A toxilogy report showed she was drugged .

They made nude videos and pictures of her and even raped her in her commotose state.

They searched her belongings and stole all.valuables.

When she woke up.they confronted her with the videos and pictures of her being raped when she was drugged by them and demanded she pay up to.have it destroyed or they will go.ahead and share it with her social.media friends and relatives.

She threatened them back that she will ensure they rot in prison for what they did to.her .

That is when they knew they had to.kill her.

Well, they are in prison where they belong awaiting the hangman's noose and if its any consolation will never breath fresh air of freedom ever again.

The spirit and blood of Cain flows in some peoples viens.

These people have no qualms shedding blood.

They have the serpent bloodline in their veins.

ebukal67x:
Only a fool will take Nigerian data serious. Even the government cannot be trusted to provide accurate data.

So what is wrong with our existing NIN and BVN database?

You do know its nearly impossible to get a new passport without a NIN o BVN and these two are extremely difficult to clone or double register as your biometrics will flag any double registration.

Most convicted drug dealers why have had their passport flagged have resorted to procuring passports of neighbouring African countries.

Our existing biometric database is secure .

Trump.just wants us to abandon it and subscribe to Biol Gates digital ID system.

trutharena:
This is a very enlightening perspective on slavery in pre-colonial Nigeria.

And it exposes how some people betrayed their own children by selling them into slavery in exchange of a cow.